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2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

17. Economic Development, Capitalism, and Consumer Law in Brazil: Rejecting the Argument for “Legal Paternalism”

verfasst von : Amanda Flávio de Oliveira

Erschienen in: Consumer Law and Socioeconomic Development

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The observation is Robert F. Samuelson’s, in his text The Spirit of Capitalism: to the author, it was not Christianity or Islam the religion that prevailed in the last century but the ideal of economic growth.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Relations Between International Law and Consumer Law in the Globalized World: Challenges and Prospects

Nächstes Kapitel The Illegal and Abusive: Proposals for a Systematic Interpretation of Abusive Practices in the 25 Years of the Consumer Defense Code

Samuelson (2001), p. 205.

About this topic: Ely, pp. 27–35. For this author, “the framers anticipated a substantially free market resting on private property”. Id. ibid., p. 35.

In this sense, de Souza (2002), p. 459. Alberto Venâncio Fillho understands that capitalism was reflected directly on “the legal and political thought with the drafting of the various constitutions which began to regulate the political life of European states in the nineteenth century and were imitated by Latin American countries upon conquering their independence” (translation mine), Venancio Filho (1988), fl. 7.

de Souza (2002), p. 102.

About this topic, see: Courl (2001).

Nunes (2007).

Araujo and Adam (2001), p. 1193. Still on the same topic, I recommend: de Souza (2002).

About this topic, see: Nunes (2007).

Avelãs Nunes addresses Smith’s classic work as a manifestation of optimistic anthropology. According to him, the theory of the “invisible hand” which states that each person seeking individual progress necessarily contributes to universal progress, must be so classified. Op. Cit., p. 338.

This idea is specifically found in Mill (2000), p. 122.

In this sense, Legaz y Lacambra (1960), p. 143.

Kelsen (1996), p. 49.

Venancio Filho (1988), p. 6.

Legaz Y Lacambra explains this issue in the following terms: “el ordenamiento jurídico es un sistema de limitaciones de La libertad que tiene su contrapartida em La creación de otras tantas esferas de libertad; es, pues, la organización positiva de la libertad.” Legaz Y Lacambra. Op. cit., p. 146.

This is what Cabral Moncada understands: “In fact, public intervention in the economy aims, more often than not, to reach the proper functioning of the market.” (Translation mine) De Moncada (2007), pp. 35–36.

In a very brief summary, one can say that the crisis of the classic economic liberalism is related to the Industrial Revolution, the phenomenon of large concentrations of enterprises, the poor material conditions of workers in the early twentieth century, the crisis of 1929, the economic consequences the two World Wars. Venancio Filho, Alberto. Op. Cit., p. 9 and following.

About this topic, see: Courl (2001).

About the topic of humanism, see: Legaz y Lacambra (1960); Lima (1965); Luckesi (1994), pp. 270–289; Maritain (1999); Mata-Machado (2000); Moix (1968); Mondin (1998); Mounier (1964); Nogare (1994); Perine (2001), pp. 28–47; de Lima Vaz (2001).

Mata-Machado (2000), p. 84.

To Lorenzetti, human rights have been responsible for totally transforming law, p. 320.

Lorenzetti (2006), p. 38.

Trindade (2000), p. 126.

Id. Ibid.

de Moncada (2007), 5. edn.

Haberle (2002), p. 202.

Id. ibid., p. 226.

In the same sense see, Cabral De Moncada, op. cit., p. 184.

In their Dicionário básico de filosofia, Japiassú and Marcondes mention the sense, almost always derogatory, with which the term is used. Japiassu and Marcomdes (1996), p. 208.

Prado (2014), pp. 29–30.

This situation is not foreign to Bobbio, to whom: “The political language is notoriously ambiguous. Most of the terms used in the political discourse have several meanings. This variety depends on the fact that many terms have gone through a long series of historical changes (…) Most of these terms derive from the common language. (Translation mine) Bobbio (1998), p. V.

Id. ibid., pp. V–VI.

Id. ibid., p. 908.

Retired Ambassador José Osvaldo de Meira Pena refers to the “immemorial tradition of respect for the father, the husband, the elder, the grandparents, the lords over their household servants, the prince over his vassals, the patrimonial chief, the master of the Casa Grande over his clientele. In this conception, the state authority is based on its most distant hierarchical roots. “Later, he adds: “In Brazil, we note that (…) paternalism contaminates the whole structure of our political life.” (Translation mine) Pena José Osvaldo de Meira, pp. 68–69.

Kahn (1919), pp. 6–9.

Id. ibid., p. 13.

Id. ibid., p. 6.

Bobbio (2002), pp. 200–201.

The topic of consumer vulnerability according to recent studies of psychology and economics was better developed by us in: de Oliveira and dos Santos Ferreira (2012), pp. 13–38; and in de Oliveira and de Castro Ferreira (2014), pp. 231–249.

In the same sense, see de Souza (2002), p. 86.

About this topic Sérgio Couri states: “The divorce between capitalism and liberalism is more sensitive in developing countries, where the maintenance of one demanded, starkingly, the suppression of the other.”(Translation mine) Courl (2001), p. 68.

I elaborated on this topic in: de Oliveira (2002), pp. 97–105.

These are official numbers detailed in the Demographic Census 2000/2010. Available at: http://seriesestatisticas.ibge.gov.br/series.aspx?t=taxa-analfabetismo&vcodigo=PD384. Last access on 01/22/2016, at 5:23 pm.

IBGE [Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics], Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios [National Household Sample Survey] 2011.

The numbers refer to the following Courts: 3 Superior Courts (TST [Superior Labor Court], STJ [Superior Court of Justice] and TSE [Superior Electoral Court]), 25 Courts of Appeals, 20 TRTs [Regional Labor Courts], 5 TRFs [Regional Federal Courts], 23 TREs [Regional Electoral Courts] and 3 Courts of State Military Justice. For more information: Justiça em Números 2015: ano-base 2014/Conselho Nacional de Justiça. Brasília: CNJ, 2015, fl. 49.

de Souza (2002), p. 464.

This caveat is found in: Trindade (2000), p. 150.

This is what Edgar de Godoi da Mata-Machado proposes. Mata-Machado (2000), p. 128. Cançado Trindade also points out the “centrality of victims” as the legacy of the Second World Conference on Human Rights (1993–2013). Trindade (2014), p. 105.

Araujo F, Adam S (2001) O conceito mecanicista de liberdade. Almedina, Lisboa

Bobbio N (1998) Dicionário de política. Editora UNB, Brasilia

Bobbio N (2002) Elogio da serenidade e outros escritos morais. Editora Unesp

Courl S (2001) Liberalismo e societalismo. Editora UNB, Brasilia

de Lima Vaz HC (2001) Humanismo hoje: tradição e missão. Puc-Minas, Instituto Jacques Maritain, Belo Horizonte

de Moncada LSC (2007) Direito Económico, 5th edn. Coimbra Editora, Coimbra

de Oliveira AF (2002) O sistema Nacional de Defesa do consumidor -Histórico. Revista de Direito do Consumidor, v. 44

de Oliveira AF, de Castro BB (2014) Proteção do consumidor de crédito: uma abordagem a partir da economia Comportamental. Revista de Direito do Consumidor, v. 93

de Oliveira AF, dos Santos Ferreira FM (2012) Análise econômica do Direito do Consumidor em períodos de recessão. Uma abordagem a partir da Economia Comportamental. Revista de Direito do Consumidor, v. 81

de Souza WPA (2002) Teoria da Constituição Econômica. Del Rey, Belo Horizonte

Haberle P (2002) Pluralismo y Constitución. Editorial Tecnos, Madrid

Japiassu AH, Marcomdes D (1996) Dicionário básico de filosofia, 3rd edn. Jorge Zahar Editor, Rio de Janeiro

Kahn OH (1919) The menace of paternalism. Constit Rev 3(114)

Kelsen H (1996) O problema da justiça. Martins Fontes, São Paulo

Legaz y Lacambra L (1960) Humanismo, estado y derecho. Casa Editorial Bosch, Barcelona

Lima AA (1965) Pelo humanismo ameaçado. Editora Tempo Brasileiro, Rio de Janeiro

Lorenzetti RL (2006) Teoría de La decision judicial. Fundamentos de derecho. Rubinzal-Culzoni, Santa Fe

Luckesi CC (1994) O humanismo no Brasil. In: Nogare PD (ed) Humanismos e anti-humanismos. Introdução à antropologia filosófica, 13th edn. Vozes, Petrópolis

Maritain J (1999) Por um humanismo cristão. Ed. Paulus, São Paulo

Mata-Machado EG (2000) Contribuição ao personalismo jurídico. Prefácio da professora Elza Maria Miranda Afonso. Del Rey, Belo Horizonte

Mill JS (2000) A Liberdade/Utilitarismo. Martins Fontes, São Paulo

Moix C (1968) O pensamento de Emmanuel Mounier. Tradução Frei Marcelo L. Simões. Paz e Terra, Rio de Janeiro

Mondin B (1998) O humanismo filosófico de Tomás de Aquino. EDUSC, Bauru

Mounier E (1964) O personalismo. Tradução João Bénard da costa, 2nd edn. Livraria Duas Cidades, São Paulo

Nogare PD (1994) Humanismos e anti-humanismos. Introdução à antropologia filosófica, 13th edn. Vozes, Petrópolis

Nunes AJA (2007) Uma introdução à economia política. Quartier Latin, São Paulo

Perine M (2001) Um conflito de humanismos. In: de Lima Vaz HC (ed) Humanismo hoje: tradição e missão. PUC-Minas, Instituto Jacques Maritain, Belo Horizonte

Samuelson RF (2001) The spirit of capitalism. Foreign Aff 80(01)

Trindade AAC (2000) A proteção internacional dos direitos humanos e o Brasil, 2nd edn. Editora Universidade de Brasilia, Brasília

Trindade AA (2014) A proteção dos vulneráveis Como legado da II Conferência Mundial de direitos humanos (1993–2013). IBDH/IIDH/SLADI, Fortaleza

Venancio Filho A (1988) A intervenção do Estado no domínio econômico. Renovar, Rio de Janeiro. Edição fac-similar de 1968

Titel: Economic Development, Capitalism, and Consumer Law in Brazil: Rejecting the Argument for “Legal Paternalism”
verfasst von: Amanda Flávio de Oliveira
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Consumer Law and Socioeconomic Development
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-55623-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-55624-6

Copyright-Jahr: 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55624-6_17

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