nach oben

Erschienen in:

2015 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. Effect of Structure on Mechanical Properties of Dual-Phase Steels

verfasst von : Nina Fonstein

Erschienen in: Advanced High Strength Sheet Steels

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

The chapter contains detailed theoretical analysis and experimental data on relationship of structure parameters of ferrite–martensite steels (volume fraction and hardness of martensite, ferrite grain size, and structure morphology) and various mechanical properties as yield and tensile strength, strain hardening, elongation, and reduction of area. Experimentally shown redistribution of strain depending on martensite strength explains limitation in application of the law of mixture. Various fracture characteristics including resistance to crack initiation and propagation, as well as resistance to fatigue hydrogen embrittlement, are discussed.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Main Features of Heat Treatment from Intercritical Region

Nächstes Kapitel The Effect of Chemical Composition on Formation of Ferrite–Martensite Structures and Mechanical Properties of Dual-Phase Steels

Adamczyk, J., and A. Graijcar. 2007. “Heat Treatment and Mechanical Properties of Low-Carbon Steel with Dual-Phase Microstructure.” Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 22 (5): 13–20.

Araki, K., S.H. Fukunaka, and K. Uchida. 1977a. “Development of Continuously Annealed High Strength Cold Rolled Sheet Steels.” Trans ISIJ 17 (12): 701–9.

Araki, K., Y. Takada, and K. Nakaoka. 1977b. “Work Hardening of Continuously Annealed Dual-Phase Steels.” Trans ISIJ 17 (12): 710–17.

Ashby, M.F. 1966. “Work Hardening of Dispersion-Hardened Crystals.” Philosophical Magazine 14 (132): 1157–78.CrossRef

Bag, A., K.K. Ray, and E.S. Dwarakadasa. 1999. “Influence of Martensite Content and Morphology on Tensile and Impact Properties of High-Martensite Dual-Phase Steels.” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 30A (5): 1193–202.CrossRef

Bailey, D.I., and R. Stevenson. 1979. “High Strength Low Carbon Sheet Steel by Thermomechanical Treatment: I. Strengthening Mechanisms.” Metallurgical Transactions 10A (1): 47–55.CrossRef

Baird, J.D. 1963. “Strain Aging in Steel - Critical Review.” Iron and Steel 36 (7): 326–34.

Balliger, N.K., and T. Gladman. 1981. “Work Hardening of Dual-Phase Steel.” Metal Science 15 (3): 95–108.CrossRef

Bergstrom, Y., and Y. Granbom. 2008. “Model for the Stress-Strain Behavior of Dual-Phase Steels.” In IDDRG, 173–84. Olofstrom, Sweden.

Bhadeshia, H.K.D.H., and D.V. Edmonds. 1980. “Analysis of Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of High-Silicon Dual-Phase Steel.” Metal Science 14 (2): 41–49.CrossRef

Bleck, W., and K. Phiu-On. 2005. “Grain Refinement and Mechanical Properties in Advanced High Strength Sheet Steels.” In HSLA’ 2005, 50–57. Sanya, China.

Bortsov, A.N., and N.M. Fonstein. 1984a. “Influence of Carbon Concentration on the Mechanical Properties of the Low-Carbon Ferrite-Martensite Steels.” Physical Metallurgy and Metallography (USSR) 57 (4): 142–48.

———. 1984b. “Influence of Cold Deformation and Low-Temperature Tempering on Mechanical Properties of Dual-Phase Ferritic-Martensitic Steels.” Soviet Materials Science 20 (2): 142–47.

———. 1986. “The Distribution of Strain between the Phases of Ferrite-Martensite Steel.” Physical Metallurgy and Metallography (USSR) 61 (2): 74–81.

Bronfin, B.M., M.I. Goldshtein, and V.P. Shveikin. 1986. “Effect of the Cooling Rate from the Intercritical Temperature Range on Strain Hardening and Agening of Steel 05G2S2.” The Physics of Metals and Metallography (USSR), no. 11.

Bronfin, B.M., M.I. Goldstein, A.A. Emelyanov, and et al. 1983. “The Strength and Ductility of Dual-Phase Ferrite-martensite Steel.” The Physics of Metals and Metallography (USSR) 56 (1): 167–73.

Brown, L.M., and D.R. Clarke. 1975. “Work Hardening due to Internal Stresses in Composite Materials.” Acta Metallurgica 23 (7): 821–30.CrossRef

Brown, L.M., and W.M. Stobbs. 1971. “Work Hardening of Cupper Silica. II The Role of Plastic Relaxation.” Philosophical Magazine 23 (185): 1201–33.CrossRef

Bucher, J.H., E.G. Hamburg, and J.F. Butler. 1979. “Property Characterization of VAN-QN Dual-Phase Steels.” In Structure and Properties of Dual-Phase Steels, 346–59. New Orleans.

Budford, D.A., D.K. Matlock, and G. Krauss. 1985. “Effect of Microstructural Refinement on the Deformation Behavior of Dual-Phase Steels.” In Strength of Metals and Alloys, 1:189–94. Montreal, Canada.

Calcagnotto, M., Y. Adachi, D. Ponge, and D. Raabe. 2011. “Deformation and Fracture Mechanism in Fine- and Ultrafined-Grained Ferrite/martensite Dual-Phase Steels and Effect of Aging.” Acta Materiala 59: 658–70.CrossRef

Chernyavskii, K.S., N.M. Fonstein. 1984. “Stereological Study of Fracture.” Industrial Laboratory 51 (3): 45–49.

Colla, V., and et al. 2009. “Strain Hardening Behavior of Dual-phase Steels.” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 40A (11): 2557–67.

Cong, Z.H., and et al. 2009. “Stress and Strain Partitioning of Ferrite and Martensite during Deformation.” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 40A (6): 1383–87.

Davies, R.G. 1977. “On the Ductility of Dual-Phase Steels.” In Formable HSLA and Dual-Phase Steels, 25–39.

———. 1978a. “Influence of Martensite Composition and Content on the Properties of Dual-Phase Steels.” Metallurgical Transactions 9A (5): 671–79.CrossRef

———. 1978b. “The Mechanical Properties of Zero Carbon Ferrite plus Martensite Structure.” Metallurgical Transactions 9A (3): 451–66.CrossRef

———. 1978c. “The Deformation Behavior of a Vanadium-Strengthened Dual Phase Steel.” Metallurgical Transactions A 9 (1): 41–52. doi:10.1007/BF02647169.CrossRef

Davies, R.G. 1979a. “Early Stages of Yielding and Strain Ageing of a Vanadium-Containing Dual-Phase Steels.” Metallurgical Transactions 10A (10): 1549–55.CrossRef

———. 1979b. “Influence of Silicon and Phosphorus on the Mechanical Properties of Both HSLA and Dual-Phase Steels.” Metallurgical Transactions 10a (1): 113–18.

———. 1981a. “Tempering of Dual-Phase Steels.” In Fundamentals of Dual-Phase Steels, 265–78.

———. 1981b. “Hydrogen Embrittlement of Dual-Phase Steel.” Metallurgical Transactions 12A (9): 1667–72.

De Cooman, B.C., S. Lee, and Y. Estrin. 2013. “Strain Hardening Control in AHSS for Automotive Applications.” In Veil, CO, USA.

Eldis, George T. 1981. “Influence of Microstructure and Testing Procedure on the Measured Mechanical Properties of Heat Treated Dual-Phase Steels.” In Conference of Structure and Properties of Dual-Phase Steels, 202–20. New Orleans, LA, USA

Eshelby, J.D. 1957. “The Determination of the Elastic Field of an Ellipsoidal Inclusion, and Related Problems.” Proceedings of the Royal Society (London) A241: 376–96.

Fisher, I., and Gurland, G. 1981. “The Effect of Alloy Deformation on the Average Spacing Parameters of Nondeforming Particles.” Metallurgical Transactions 12 A (2): 167–171.

Fonstein, N. 2005. “Effect of Al, C, and Mn on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Dual-Phase and TRIP Steels.” In HSLA’05. Sanya, China.

Fonstein, N., H.J. Jun, G. Huang, and et al. 2011. “Effect of Bainite on Mechanical Properties of Multi-Phase Ferrite-Bainite-Martensite Steels.” In MST’11.

Fonstein, N.M., A.N. Bortsov, and K.S. Chernyavskii. 1984. “Stereological Description of Two-Phase Structure.” Industrial Laboratory 51 (12): 34–37.

Fonstein, N.M., and T.M. Efimova. 2006. “Study of the Effects of ‘New’ Ferrite on the Properties of Dual-Phase Steels.” Metallurgist 50 (9–10): 481–89.CrossRef

Fonstein, N.M., M. Kapustin, N. Pottore, I. Gupta, and O. Yakubovsky. 2007. “Factors That Determine the Level of the Yield Strength and the Return of the Yield-Point Elongation in Low-Alloy Ferrite-Martensite Steels.” The Physics of Metals and Metallography 104 (3): 323–336.CrossRef

Fonstein, N.M., L.M. Storozeva, and B.A. Bukreev. 1985. “The Effects of Vanadium on the Properties of Two-Phase Ferrito-Martensitic Steels.” Russian Metallurgy, no. 2: 111–16.

Gerbase, I., I.D. Embury, and R.M. Hobbs. 1979. “The Mechanical Behavior of Some Dual-Phase Steels - With Emphasis on the Initial Work Hardening Rate.” In Structure and Properties of Dual-Phase Steels, 118–44.

Girina, O.A., N.M. Fonstein, and D. Bhattacharya. 2008. “Effect of Nb on the Phase Transformation and Mechanical Properties of Advanced High Strength Dual-Phase Steels.” In International Conference of New Developments on Metallurgy and Applications of High Strength Steels, 29–35. Buenos Aires.

Greday, T., H. Mathy, and P. Messien. 1979. “About Different Ways to Obtain Multi-Phase Steels.” In Structure and Properties of Dual-Phase Steels, 260–80.

Gribb, W.R., and I.M. Rigsbee. 1979. “Work-Hardening Behavior and Its Relationship to the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dual-Phase Steels.” In Structure and Properties of Dual-Phase Steels, 91–117.

Gunduz, S., B. Demir, and R. Kacar. 2008. “Effect of Aging Temperature and Martensite by Volume on Strain Aging Behavior of Dual-Phase Steel.” Ironmaking and Steelmaking 35 (1): 63–68.CrossRef

Gurland, G. 1982. Metallurgical Transactions 13A (10): 1821–26.

Hansen, S.S., and R.R. Pradhan. 1981. “Structure/property Relationships and Continuous Yielding Behavior in Dual-Phase Steels.” In Conference of Fundamentals of Dual-Phase Steels, 113–44. Chicago, IL, USA

Hashiguchi, K., and M. Nashida. 1980. “Effect of Alloying Element and Cooling Rate after Annealing on Mechanical Properties of Dual Phase Steel.” Kawasaki Steel Techn. Report, no. 1: 70–78.

Himmel, L., K. Goodman, and W.L. Haworth. 1981. “Strain Ageing in a Dual-Phase Steel Containing Vanadium.” In Fundamentals of Dual-Phase Steels, 309–14. Chicago, IL, USA.

Hollomon, J.H. 1945. “Tensile Deformation.” Transactions of ASM, no. 162: 268–90.

Hong, B.D., T.C. Lei, J.B. Yang, and D.M. Jiang. 1986. “Deformation-Aging Strengthening of High Strength Steel 30CrMnSi.” In 7th International Conference, 2:1013–18. Montreal.

Hornbogen, E. 1982. “Microstructure and Mechanism of Fracture.” In Strength of Metals and Alloys, 3:1059–73. Melbourne, Australia.

Jaoul B. 1957. Journal of Mechanics and Physics of Solids 5 (1): 95–114.

Jiang, Z., Z. Guan, and J. Lian. 1995. “Effect of Microstructure Variables on the Deformation Behavior of Dual-phase Steels.” Materials Science and Engineering A, no. A190: 55–64.

Johnston, W.G., and J.J. Gilman. 1959. “Dislocation Velocities, Dislocation Densities and Plastic Flow in Lithium Fluoride Crystals.” Journal of Applied Physics 30 (2): 129–44.CrossRef

Kim, N., and G. Thomas. 1981. “Effect of Morphology on the Mechanical Behavior of Fe/2Si/0.1C Steel.” Metallurgical Transactions 12A (3): 483–89.CrossRef

Koo, I.Y., M.I. Young, and G. Thomas. 1980. “On the Law of Mixtures and Dual-Phase Steels.” Metallurgical Transactions 11 A (5): 852–54.

Korzakwa, D.A., R.D. Lawson, D.K. Matlock, and G. Krauss. 1980. “A Consideration of Models Describing the Strength and Ductility of Dual-Phase Steels.” Scripta Materialia 14 (9): 1023–28.CrossRef

Korzekwa, D.A., D.K. Matlock, and G. Krauss. 1984. “Dislocation Substructure as a Function of Strain in a Dual-Phase Steel.” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 15A (6): 1221.CrossRef

Kraft, I.M. 1964. “Correlation of Plane Strain Crack Toughness with Strain Hardening Characteristics of a Low, Medium and High Strength Steel.” Applied Materials Research 3 (2): 83–96.

Krieger, M., and et al. 2006. “Mechanical Properties and Bake Hardening Behavior of Two Cold Rolled Multiphase Sheet Steels Subjected to CGL Heat Treatment Simulation.” Steel Research International 77 (9–10): 668–74.

Krupitzer, R.P. 1981. “Strain Ageing Behavior in Continuously-Annealed Dual-Phase Steel.” In Fundamentals of Dual-Phase Steels, 315–30.

Lanzilotto, C.A., and F.B. Pickering. 1982. “Structure-Property Relationship in Dual-Phase Steels.” Material Science 16 (8): 371–82.

Lawson, R.D., D.K. Matlock, and G. Krauss. 1981. “The Effect of Microstructure on the Deformation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Dual-Phase Steel.” In Fundamentals of Dual-Phase Steels, 347–81.

Lee, H.C., and G. Gurland. 1978. “Hardness and Deformation of Cemented Tungsten Carbide.” Materials, Science and Engineering 33 (1): 125–33.CrossRef

Leslie, W., and R. Sober. 1967. “The Strength of Ferrite and of Martensite as Functions of Compositions, Temperature and Strain Rate.” Transactions of ASM 60: 459–84.

Lovicu, G., M. Bottazi, F. D’Aiuto, and M. DeSanctis. 2012. “Hydrogen Embrittlement of Automotive Advanced High-Strength Steel.” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 43 (11): 4075–4087

Ludwig, P. 1909. Element Der Technologichen Mechanick. Berlin: Springer.CrossRef

Ma, M.T., D.Z. Wang, and B.R. Wu. 1983. “On the Law of Mixture in Dual-Phase Steels.” In Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 2:1067–73. Stockholm, Sweden.

Marder, A.R. 1977. “Factors Affecting the Ductility of ‘Dual-Phase’ Alloys".” In Formable HSLA and Dual-Phase Steels, Metallurgical Society of AIME, 87–98.

———. 1982. “Deformation Characteristics of Dual-Phase Steels.” Metallurgical Transactions 13A (1): 85–92.

Marder, A.R., and B.L. Bramfitt. 1979. “Processing of a Molybdenum-Bearing Dual-Phase Steel.” In Conference of Structure and Properties of Dual-Phase Steels, 242–59. New Orleans, LA, USA.

Matlock, David K., G. Krauss, L.F. Romas, and G.S. Huppi. 1979. “A Correlation of Processing Variables with Deformation Behavior of Dual-Phase Steels.” In Conference of Structure and Properties of Dual-Phase Steels, 62–90. New Orleans, LA, USA.

Matsuda, R., and T. Shimomura. 1980. “Production of High Strength Cold-Rolled Steel Sheets by the NKK Continuous Annealing Line Process (NKK-CAL Process).” Nippon Kokan Technical Report, no. 20: 1–9.

Mileiko, C.T. 1969. “The Tensile Strength and Ductility of Continuous Fibre Composites.” Journal of Materials Science 4 (11): 974–77.CrossRef

Morrison, W.B. 1966. “The Effect of Grain Size on Stress-Strain Relationship in Low Carbon Steels.” Transactions of ASM 59: 224–46.

Mould, R.R., and C.C. Skena. 1977. “Structure and Properties of Cold-Rolled Ferrite-Martensite (Dual-Phase) Steel Sheets”. In Formable HSLA and Dual-Phase Steels 181–204, Chicago, IL, USA.

Nakaoka, K., K. Araki, and K. Kurihara. 1977. “Strength, Ductility and Ageing Properties of Continuously-Annealed Dual-Phase High Strength Sheet Steels.” In Formable HSLA and Dual-Phase Steels, 126–41.

Nishimoto, A., Y. Hosoya, and K. Nakaoka. 1981. “A New Type of Dual Phase Steel Sheet for Automobile.” Transactions of ISIJ 21 (11): 778–82.CrossRef

Ostrom, P. 1981. “Deformation Models for Two-Phase Materials.” Metallurgical Transactions 12A (12): 355–57.CrossRef

Pouranvari, M. 2010. “Tensile Strength and Ductility of ferrite-Martensite Dual-Phase Steels.” MjoM 16 (3): 187–94.

Pradhan, R. 1985. “Metallurgical Aspects of Quenched and Tempered Dual-Phase Steels Produced via Continuous Annealing.” In Technology of Continuously Annealed Cold -Rolled Sheet Steel, 297–318. Detroit, MI: Metal/Society of AIME.

Ramos, L.F., D.K. Matlock, and G. Krauss 1979. “On the Deformation Behavior of Dual-Phase Steels.” Metallurgical Transactions 10A (2): 259–61.CrossRef

Rashid, M.S., and B.V.N. Rao. 1981. “Tempering Characteristic of a Vanadium Containing Dual-Phase Steels.” In Fundamentals of Dual-Phase Steels, 249–64.

Rigsbee, J.M., J.K. Abraham, A.T. Davenport, J.E. Franklin, and J.W. Pickens. 1981. “Structure-Processing and Structure-Property Relationships in Commercially Processed Dual-Phase Steels.” In Conference of Structure and Properties of Dual-Phase Steels, 304–29, New Orleans, LA, USA.

Rizk A., and Bourell D.L. 1982. “Dislocation Density Contribution to Strength of Dual Phase Steels.” Scripta Materialia 16 (12): 1321–24.CrossRef

Romaniv, O.N., et al. 1977. Soviet Materials Science, no. 3: 31–36.

Sakaki, T., K. Sugimoto, and T. Fuluzato. 1983. “The Role of Internal Stresses for Continuous Yielding of Dual-Phase Steels.” Acta Metallurgica 31 (10): 1737–46.CrossRef

Sarosiek, A.M., and W.S. Owen. 1983. “On the Importance of Extrinsic Transformation Accommodation Hardening in Dual-Phase Steels.” Scripta Materialia 17 (2): 227–31.CrossRef

Shieh, W.T. 1974. “The Relation of Microstructure and Fracture Properties of Electron Beam Melted Modified SAE 4620 Steels.” Metallurgical Transactions 5A (5): 1069–85.CrossRef

Song, R., D. Ponge, and D. Raabe. 2005. “Improvement of the Work Hardening Rate of Ultrafine Grained Steels through Second Phase Particles.” Scripta Materialia 52: 1075–80.CrossRef

Speich, G.R., and R.L. Miller. 1979. “Mechanical Properties of Ferrite-Martensite Steels.” In Structure and Properties of Dual-Phase Steels, 145–82. New Orleans, LA, USA.

Speich, G.R., and R.L. Miller. 1981. “Mechanical Properties of Ferrite-Martensite Steels.” In Conference of Structure and Properties of Dual-Phase Steels, Symposium at the AIME Annual Meeting, 145–82. New Orleans, LA, USA.

Stevenson, R. 1977. “Crack Initiation and Propagation in Thermal Mechanically Treated Sheet Steels.” In Formable HSLA and Dual-Phase Steels, Metallurgical Society of AIME, 101–10.

Stevenson, R., D.J. Bailey, and G. Thomas. 1979. “High Strength Low Carbon Sheet Steel by Thermomechanical treatment: II. Microstructure.” Metallurgical Transactions A 10 (1): 57–62. doi:10.1007/BF02686406.CrossRef

Steven, W., and A.G. Haynes. 1956. “The Temperature of Formation of Martensite and Bainite in Low-Alloy Steels.” Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 183 (8): 349–59.

Storozeva, L.M., N.M. Fonstein, and S.A. Golovanenko. 1985. “Examination of Quench and Strain Aging of Low-Carbon Ferritic-Martensitic Steels.” Russian Metallurgy, no. 1: 89–93.

Stratmann, P., and E. Hornbogen. 1979. “Mechanische Eigenschaften Zweiphasigerduplex-Und Dispersiongefuge in Nickel Stahlen.” Stahls Und Eisen 99 (12): 643–48.

Sudo, M., and I. Tsukatani. 1984. “Influence of Microstructure on Yielding Behavior in Continuous-Annealed Multi-Phase Sheet Steels.” In Technology of Continuously Annealed Cold-Rolled Sheet Steel, 341–60. Detroit, MI.

Sugimoto, K-I., J. Sakaguchi, T. Ida, and T. Kashima. 2000. “Stretch-Flangeability of a High-Strength TRIP Type Bainitic Sheet Steel.” ISIJ International 40 (9): 920–026.CrossRef

Sugimoto, K., T. Sakaki, T. Fukusato, and O. Miyagawa. 1985. “Influence of Martensite Morphology on Initial Yielding and Strain Hardening in a 0.11C-1.36Mn Dual-Phase Steel.” Journal of ISIJ 71 (8): 70–77.

Swift, H.W. 1952. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, no. 1: 1–32.

Szewczyk, A.F., and I. Gurland. 1982. “A Study of the Deformation and Fracture of a Dual-Phase Steel.” Metallurgical Transactions 13A (10): 1821–26.CrossRef

Takada, Y., Y. Hosoya, and K. Nakaoka. 1982a. “Possibilities of Achieving Low Yield Ratio with Low Manganese Dual-Phase Steels.” In Metallurgy of Continuously Annealed Steels, 251–69.

Takagi, S., Y. Toji, M. Yoshino, and K. Hasegawa. 2012. “Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance Evaluation of Ultra-High Strength Steel Sheets for Automobiles.” ISIJ International 52 (2): 316–22.CrossRef

Tamura, I., and Y. Tomota. 1973. “On the Strength and Ductility of True Phase Iron Alloys.” Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan 13 (4): 283–92.

Tanaka, T., M. Nishida, K. Hachiguchi, and T. Kato. 1979. “Formation and Properties of Ferrite plus Martensite Dual-Phase Structures.” In Structure and Properties of Dual-Phase Steels. Vol. 221–241.

Tkach, A.N., N.M. Fonstein, V.N. Simin’kovich, and et al. 1984. “Fatique Crack Growth in a Dual-Phase Ferritic-Martensitic Steel.” Soviet Materials Science, no. 5: 448–54.

Tomota, Y., Y. Kawamura, and K. Kuroki. 1981. “On Ductile Fracture of Steels Containing the Coarse Second Phase.” Bulletin of JSME 24 (188): 282–89.CrossRef

Tomota, Y., and I. Tamura. 1981. “Mechanical Properties of Ductile Two-Phase Steels.” Journal Iron and Steel Institute of Japan 67 (13): 439–55.

Tomota, Y., and I. Tamura. 1982. “Mechanical Properties of Dual-Phase Steels.” Transactions of ISIJ 22 (5): 677–89.

Tseng, D., and F.H. Vitovec. 1981. “The Bauschinger Effect and Work-hardening of Dal-Phase Steels.” In Fundamentals of Dual-Phase Steels, 399–411.

Tsipouridis, P., E. Werner, C. Krempaszky, and E. Tragl. 2006. “Formability of High-Strength Dual-Phase Steels.” Steel Research International 77 (10): 654–67.

Uggowitzer, P., and H.P. Stuwe. 1982. “Plastizitat von Ferritisch-Martensitischen Zweiphasenstahlen.” Zeitschrift für Metallkunde 73 (5): 277–85.

Voce, E. 1948. “The Relationship between Stress and Strain for Homogeneous Deformation.” Journal of the Institute of the Metals 74: 537–49.

Waterschoot, T., De, A.K., Vanderputte, S., and De Coman, B.C. 2003. “Static Strain Aging Phenomena in Cold-rolled Dual-Phase Steels.” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 34A (3): 781–91.CrossRef

Waterschoot, T., K. Verbeken, and B.C. De Cooman. 2006. “Tempering Kinetics of the Martensitic Phase in DP Steel.” ISIJ International 46 (1): 138–46.CrossRef

Yang, D.Z., D.K. Matlock, and G. Krauss. 1985. “The Effect of Cold-Rolling on Aging of an Intercritically Annealed Mn-Si-C Steel.” In Technology O Continuously Annealed Cold-Rolled Sheet Steel, 319–39. Detroit.

Yegneswaran, A.H., and K. Tangri. 1983. “Strain Distribution and Load Transfer Characteristics of a Cu-9.6% Al Dual-Phase Structure.” Zeitschrift für Metallkunde 74 (8): 521–24.

Titel: Effect of Structure on Mechanical Properties of Dual-Phase Steels
verfasst von: Nina Fonstein
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Advanced High Strength Sheet Steels
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-19164-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-19165-2

Copyright-Jahr: 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19165-2_3

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten

Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.

Zur Marktübersicht