Introduction
Technological-economic assessment of efficiency improvement options in ceiling fans
Country | Agency | Standard/Label type | Speed | Size category | Rating type | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
India | BIS | Standard | Voluntary | Yes | Specifies minimum efficacy for various fan sizes | |
India | BEE | Label | Voluntary | Only 1,200 mm | Assigns star ratings to fans meeting minimum efficacy requirements | |
China | NDRC, AQSIQ | Standard | Mandatory | Yes | Assigns ratings based on efficacy, to fans classified by size | |
USA | EPA | Label | Voluntary | Yes | Specifies minimum efficacy for fans classified by operating speed |
Efficiency improvement options for ceiling fan systems
Fan motors
Motor type | Efficiency |
---|---|
NovaTorquea
| 90 % |
Practical limits BLDC6
| 87 % |
Practical limits AC induction | 84 % |
Average new production | 75 % |
Average installed base | 60 % |
Fan blades
Fan efficiency improvement opportunities: empirical evidence from the US market
Summary of efficiency improvement options
Efficiency improvement option | Efficient fan power consumption (W) | Average power savings (W) | Percent reduction from baseline power | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prayas Energy Group (2012) | Sonne and Parker (1998) | ||||
Improved AC induction motor | 45–50 | 25 | ~36 | ||
BLDC motor | 30–35 | 35 | ~50 | ||
Efficient blades | 55.5–63.6 | 10.5 | ~15 |
Technical and economic analysis of efficiency improvement options
Fan motors
Fan blades
Efficiency Improvement Option | India | USA | Average ($) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prayas Energy Group (2012) | Chiang (2010) | Parker and Hibbs (2010) | |||
Low | High | ||||
Improved AC induction motor | $1.09 | $1.82 | $1.5 | ||
BLDC motor | $5.45 | $10.91 | $3.2–$22.5 | $10.5 | |
Efficient blades | $1.09 | $6.00 | $3.5 |
Cost of conserved electricity
Efficiency improvement optiona
| Average power savings (W) | Percent reduction from baseline power | Average incremental manufacturing cost ($) | CCEm ($/kWh) | CCEc ($/kWh) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Improved AC induction motor (A) | 25 | 36 | 1.5 | 0.003 | 0.005 |
BLDC motor (B) | 35 | 50 | 10.5 | 0.014 | 0.027 |
Efficient blades (C) | 10 | 15 | 3.5 | 0.015 | 0.031 |
A+C | 32 | 45 | 5.0 | 0.007 | 0.014 |
B+C | 40 | 57 | 14.0 | 0.016 | 0.032 |
Efficient blades (15 % savings, $3.5 incremental cost) | BLDC motor (50 % savings, $10.5 incremental cost) | Improved AC induction motor (36 % savings, $1.5 incremental cost) | Representative tariff ($/kWh) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Economy | Discount rate | Baseline UEC (kWh) | CCEm ($/kWh) | CCEc ($/kWh) | CCEm ($/kWh) | CCEc ($/kWh) | CCEm ($/kWh) | CCEc ($/kWh) | |
Australia | 3.11 % | 21 | 0.13 | 0.26 | 0.12 | 0.24 | 0.023 | 0.047 | 0.10 |
Brazil | 11.58 % | 88 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.008 | 0.016 | 0.19 |
Canada | 1.90 % | 11 | 0.23 | 0.47 | 0.21 | 0.42 | 0.042 | 0.084 | 0.08 |
China | 1.63 % | 75.3 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.006 | 0.012 | 0.19 |
EU | 6.63 % | 11 | 0.30 | 0.59 | 0.27 | 0.53 | 0.053 | 0.106 | 0.19 |
India | 7.60 % | 224 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.08 |
Indonesia | 1.12 % | 150 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.003 | 0.006 | 0.09 |
Japan | 3.28 % | 21 | 0.13 | 0.26 | 0.12 | 0.24 | 0.024 | 0.047 | 0.22 |
Korea | 4.19 % | 21 | 0.14 | 0.28 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 0.025 | 0.049 | 0.07 |
Mexico | 3.81 % | 88 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.006 | 0.012 | 0.08 |
Russia | 3.67 % | 11 | 0.26 | 0.51 | 0.23 | 0.46 | 0.046 | 0.092 | 0.05 |
South Africa | 3.33 % | 88 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.006 | 0.011 | 0.08 |
USA | 1.47 % | 78.1 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.006 | 0.012 | 0.11 |
Sensitivity of cost-effectiveness analysis
Energy saving potential
Data and methodology
Results
Efficiency scenario
Annual electricity savings (TWh) | Cumulative electricity savings (TWh) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | 2016 | 2020 | 2030 | 2012–2016 | 2012–2020 | 2012–2030 |
Australia | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.21 | 0.12 | 0.50 | 2.31 |
Brazil | 1.43 | 3.35 | 6.09 | 3.29 | 13.83 | 65.41 |
Canada | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.19 | 0.11 | 0.46 | 2.08 |
China | 9.01 | 20.68 | 35.77 | 21.02 | 86.50 | 396.59 |
EU | 0.48 | 1.08 | 1.76 | 1.14 | 4.59 | 20.22 |
India | 14.17 | 33.54 | 62.38 | 32.52 | 137.91 | 660.60 |
Indonesia | 1.12 | 2.63 | 4.81 | 2.59 | 10.88 | 51.51 |
Japan | 0.24 | 0.54 | 0.84 | 0.56 | 2.27 | 9.90 |
Korea | 0.11 | 0.26 | 0.44 | 0.26 | 1.07 | 4.91 |
Mexico | 0.41 | 0.93 | 1.53 | 0.96 | 3.90 | 17.43 |
Russia | 0.15 | 0.34 | 0.52 | 0.37 | 1.46 | 6.19 |
South Africa | 0.17 | 0.40 | 0.65 | 0.40 | 1.67 | 7.46 |
USA | 2.43 | 5.65 | 9.86 | 5.61 | 23.47 | 108.57 |
Total | 29.82 | 69.62 | 125.05 | 68.94 | 288.51 | 1,353.19 |