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Erschienen in:
Data Science and Advanced Digital Technologies Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Efficient Model Repository for Web Applications

verfasst von : Sergejs Kozlovičs

Erschienen in: Databases and Information Systems

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Many model-based applications have been developed with standalone usage in mind. When migrating such applications to the web, we have to think about multiple users competing for limited server resources. In addition, we encounter the need to synchronize models via the network for client-side access. Thus, there is the risk that the model storage could become a bottleneck.
We propose a model repository that deals with these issues by using an efficient encoding of the model that resembles its Kolmogorov complexity. The encoding is suitable for direct sending over the network (with almost no overhead); it can also be used “as-is” in memory-mapped files, thus, utilizing the OS paging mechanism. By adding just 3 automatic indices, all traverse and query operations can be implemented efficiently. Our tests show that the proposed model repository outperforms other repositories concerning both CPU and memory and is able to hold 10,000 and more instances at the same time on a single server.

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Fußnoten
1
MOF (Meta-Object Facility) is a standard developed by OMG (Object Management Group) for describing formal models [15].
 
2
For example, MongoDB write operations can be up to 10 times slower than read operations.
 
3
We proposed RAAPI in 2013 by combining the best from existing repository APIs. RAAPI can be mapped to virtually any model repository. The actual version can be found at http://​webappos.​org/​dev/​raapi/​.
 
4
The first number is the maximum length of actions that does not cause integer overflow (\(2^{31}-1\)), which allows us to use 4-byte integers to encode positions in the actions array. The actions array then can occupy up to 10 GB (not counting strings), which we consider quite liberal for a single model accessed by a single user via a web application.
 
5
We could also embed the a2s map into the actions array by appending a string index to mini-arrays of string-actions. However, that would mix the actions array with the auxiliary a2s array. In addition, the length of the actions array and, hence, the amount of data synchronized with the client would increase.
 
6
The chars array is much longer than strings2. Thus, to save time during re-arrange, the chars array can be left “as is”, without removing characters of deleted strings (still, it can be compacted occasionally, e.g., during save).
 
7
The first hash is modulo p, the second is modulo \((p-2)+1\), which is always co-prime with p. For strings we use Java built-in hashCode function. However, since it returns 0 on empty strings, and since the second hash calculates to 1, all empty strings would be stored in the beginning of the hash table, thus, drastically increasing the number of collisions (up to 2.85x in our experiments). We avoid such inefficient hash values by appending a constant dummy text to every string before calculating its hash.
 
8
Grover’s algorithm on a real quantum computer could take sub-linear time, but the proposed repository is intended for classical computers.
 
9
For more connections or during peek loads, one can borrow virtual cloud servers, e.g., from Amazon Elastic Cloud.
 
10
The repository can be downloaded at http://​webappos.​org/​dev/​ar.
 
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Pacaci, A., Zhou, A., Lin, J., Özsu, M.T.: Do we need specialized graph databases?: benchmarking real-time social networking applications. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Graph Data-management Experiences & Systems, GRADES 2017, pp. 12:1–12:7. ACM, New York (2017)
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Metadaten
Titel
Efficient Model Repository for Web Applications
verfasst von
Sergejs Kozlovičs
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Buch
Databases and Information Systems

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-97570-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-97571-9

Copyright-Jahr: 2018

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97571-9_18

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