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2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

13. Eine Übersicht zur Normung und zur Prüfung von Verbundisolatoren

verfasst von : Konstantin O. Papailiou, Frank Schmuck

Erschienen in: Silikon-Verbundisolatoren

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Zusammenfassung

Das Kap. 13 geht mit Beiträgen von Fr. Dr.-Ing. Christiane Bär auf verschiedene Aspekte der Normung und Prüfung von Verbundisolatoren ein. Im ersten Teil werden wichtige IEC-Normen aufgeführt, nach denen Verbundisolatoren geprüft und ausgelegt werden und die mit konventionellen Isolatoren gemeinsamen Normen für die Kettenauslegung sind vergleichend aufgeführt. Im zweiten Teil wird auf Prüfprinzipien eingegangen. Am Beispiel der Schiefe-Ebene-Prüfung, die als Materialprüfverfahren für die Bewertung der Beständigkeit gegenüber Erosion und Kriechspurbildung im Jahr 1977 mit der ersten Normausgabe eingeführt wurde, kann gezeigt werden, dass weitere Eigenschaften von polymeren Isolierstoffen mit diesem Prüfprinzip bewertbar sind. Im dritten Teil wird auf analytische Methoden eingegangen, mit denen die eingesetzten polymeren Werkstoffe eines Verbundisolators identifiziert werden können. Im Vergleich zur 1. Ausgabe wurden der Wissensstand aktualisiert und Themen zur künstlichen Fremdschichtprüfung von Verbundisolatoren, Bewertung weiterer Hydrophobieeigenschaften mit dem Schiefe-Ebene-Prüfprinzip und weitere Prüfungen zur Finger-Print-Analyse ergänzt. Wann immer möglich, wurde auf die aktuelle Normenlage in IEC und auf Publikationen der CIGRE referenziert.

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Zurück zum Zitat I. Gutman, J. Lundengård, S. Bucan, P. Sidenvall, J.-F. Goffinet: Trends in pollution/corona testing for compact insulation systems in the form of insulated cross-arms. CIGRE SC D1 Colloquium, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2015, Paper 12 I. Gutman, J. Lundengård, S. Bucan, P. Sidenvall, J.-F. Goffinet: Trends in pollution/corona testing for compact insulation systems in the form of insulated cross-arms. CIGRE SC D1 Colloquium, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2015, Paper 12
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Zurück zum Zitat J.-F. Goffinet, I. Gutman, P. Sidenvall: Innovative insulated cross-arm: requirements, testing and construction. ICOLIM-2017, Strasbourg, France, 2017, Paper 0078 J.-F. Goffinet, I. Gutman, P. Sidenvall: Innovative insulated cross-arm: requirements, testing and construction. ICOLIM-2017, Strasbourg, France, 2017, Paper 0078
74.
Zurück zum Zitat I. Gutman, J. Lundengård, M. Fairhurst: Three-phase pollution test of diamond-shaped “suspension” insulator arrangement for T-pylon tower. 13th INSUKON-2017, Birmingham, UK, May 2017, p.p. 233–237 I. Gutman, J. Lundengård, M. Fairhurst: Three-phase pollution test of diamond-shaped “suspension” insulator arrangement for T-pylon tower. 13th INSUKON-2017, Birmingham, UK, May 2017, p.p. 233–237
75.
Zurück zum Zitat J.-M. George, S. Prat, C. Lumb, F. Virlogeux, I. Gutman, J. Lundengård, M. Marzinotto: Field Experience and Laboratory Investigation of Glass Insulators Having a Factory-Applied Silicone Coating. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 21, No. 6, December 2014, pp. 2594–2601CrossRef J.-M. George, S. Prat, C. Lumb, F. Virlogeux, I. Gutman, J. Lundengård, M. Marzinotto: Field Experience and Laboratory Investigation of Glass Insulators Having a Factory-Applied Silicone Coating. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 21, No. 6, December 2014, pp. 2594–2601CrossRef
76.
Zurück zum Zitat E. Moal: Experience on Composite Hollow Core Insulators Regarding Pollution Performance. 6th Conference on Silicone Insulation, Burghausen, June 27–28, 2017 E. Moal: Experience on Composite Hollow Core Insulators Regarding Pollution Performance. 6th Conference on Silicone Insulation, Burghausen, June 27–28, 2017
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Zurück zum Zitat E. Moal, V. Bergmann, A. Soergel: Technical Design Requirements for Composite Hollow Core Insulators Regarding Pollution Performance under AC & DC. 2017 INMR World Congress, Barcelona, 2017 E. Moal, V. Bergmann, A. Soergel: Technical Design Requirements for Composite Hollow Core Insulators Regarding Pollution Performance under AC & DC. 2017 INMR World Congress, Barcelona, 2017
78.
Zurück zum Zitat C. Neumann: Betriebsverhalten von Silikonisolatoren (Service experience of silicone rubber insulators). ETG Workshop, Berlin, 2003 (in German) C. Neumann: Betriebsverhalten von Silikonisolatoren (Service experience of silicone rubber insulators). ETG Workshop, Berlin, 2003 (in German)
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Zurück zum Zitat M. Cojan, J. Perret, C. Malaguti, P. Nicolini, J. S. T. Looms, A.W. Stannet: Polymeric transmission insulators: their application in France, Italy and UK. CIGRE 1980, Paper 22.10 M. Cojan, J. Perret, C. Malaguti, P. Nicolini, J. S. T. Looms, A.W. Stannet: Polymeric transmission insulators: their application in France, Italy and UK. CIGRE 1980, Paper 22.10
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Zurück zum Zitat F. Bianchi, G. Marrone, C. Masetti, A. Pigini: Recent laboratory and field experiences on composite insulators in Italy. L’Energia Elettrica, N.1, 1983 (in Italian) F. Bianchi, G. Marrone, C. Masetti, A. Pigini: Recent laboratory and field experiences on composite insulators in Italy. L’Energia Elettrica, N.1, 1983 (in Italian)
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Zurück zum Zitat G. P. Fini, G. Marrone, G. Gallucci, A. Pigini: Field experience and laboratory ageing test on composite insulators for overhead lines. L’Energia Elettrica, N. 7–8, 1984 (in Italian) G. P. Fini, G. Marrone, G. Gallucci, A. Pigini: Field experience and laboratory ageing test on composite insulators for overhead lines. L’Energia Elettrica, N. 7–8, 1984 (in Italian)
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Zurück zum Zitat S. Bossi, A. Pigini, G.P. Fini, A. Porrino, E. Channakeshava, N. Vasudev, M. Ramamoorty: Study of the performance of composite insulators in polluted conditions. CIGRE 1994, Paper 33.10 S. Bossi, A. Pigini, G.P. Fini, A. Porrino, E. Channakeshava, N. Vasudev, M. Ramamoorty: Study of the performance of composite insulators in polluted conditions. CIGRE 1994, Paper 33.10
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Zurück zum Zitat P. J. Lambeth: Variable-voltage application for insulator pollution tests. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 3, No. 4, Oct 1988 P. J. Lambeth: Variable-voltage application for insulator pollution tests. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 3, No. 4, Oct 1988
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Zurück zum Zitat G. Pirovano, P. Omodeo Gianolo, A. Pigini: Assessment of the pollution performance of composite insulators. ISH 2013, Seoul, Korea, 25–30 August 2013, OC-1 G. Pirovano, P. Omodeo Gianolo, A. Pigini: Assessment of the pollution performance of composite insulators. ISH 2013, Seoul, Korea, 25–30 August 2013, OC-1
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Zurück zum Zitat A. Pigini, R. Cortina, M. Marzinotto, G. Lagrotteria: Pollution tests on composite insulators: the Italian experience. ISH-2015, Pilsen, Czech Republic, August 2015, Paper 367 A. Pigini, R. Cortina, M. Marzinotto, G. Lagrotteria: Pollution tests on composite insulators: the Italian experience. ISH-2015, Pilsen, Czech Republic, August 2015, Paper 367
86.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Pigini: Design and testing of polymeric insulators to verify the pollution performance. World Congress & Exhibition on Insulators, Arresters & Bushings, Munich, Germany, October 2015 A. Pigini: Design and testing of polymeric insulators to verify the pollution performance. World Congress & Exhibition on Insulators, Arresters & Bushings, Munich, Germany, October 2015
87.
Zurück zum Zitat G. Testin, M. Boutlendj, P. Cardano, A. Pastore, M. Saravolac, M. Sehovac, A. Pigini: Methodologies for pollution tests on composite housings. CIGRE 2016, A3–115 G. Testin, M. Boutlendj, P. Cardano, A. Pastore, M. Saravolac, M. Sehovac, A. Pigini: Methodologies for pollution tests on composite housings. CIGRE 2016, A3–115
88.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Pigini: Optimal insulator type and dimensioning in harsh service environment. 2019 World Congress, Tucson, USA, October 2019 A. Pigini: Optimal insulator type and dimensioning in harsh service environment. 2019 World Congress, Tucson, USA, October 2019
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Zurück zum Zitat P. Cardano, A. Pastore, A. Pigini: External insulation alternatives for EHV/UHV bushings. 2019 World Congress, Tucson, USA, October 2019 P. Cardano, A. Pastore, A. Pigini: External insulation alternatives for EHV/UHV bushings. 2019 World Congress, Tucson, USA, October 2019
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Zurück zum Zitat L.L. Vladimirsky, E.A. Solomonik, N.N. Tikhodeev, I. Gutman: Methods of statistical dimensioning of the outdoor insulation with respect to polluted conditions. IEEE PowerTech 2005, St. Petersburg, Russia, June 2005, Paper 670 L.L. Vladimirsky, E.A. Solomonik, N.N. Tikhodeev, I. Gutman: Methods of statistical dimensioning of the outdoor insulation with respect to polluted conditions. IEEE PowerTech 2005, St. Petersburg, Russia, June 2005, Paper 670
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Russian Standard GOST 10390-2015: Electrical equipment for 3 kV and above. Test methods of outdoor insulation in polluted conditions. Standardinform, Moscow, 2016 (in Russian) Russian Standard GOST 10390-2015: Electrical equipment for 3 kV and above. Test methods of outdoor insulation in polluted conditions. Standardinform, Moscow, 2016 (in Russian)
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Zurück zum Zitat W. L. Vosloo, I. Gutman, J.P. Holtzhausen: Statistical determination of insulator performance at Koeberg insulator pollution test station. 5th CIGRE Southern Africa Regional Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, October 2005, pp. 180–187 W. L. Vosloo, I. Gutman, J.P. Holtzhausen: Statistical determination of insulator performance at Koeberg insulator pollution test station. 5th CIGRE Southern Africa Regional Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, October 2005, pp. 180–187
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Zurück zum Zitat I. Gutman, E. A. Solomonik, Yu. N. Shumilov: Flashover characteristics of contaminated line composite insulators. Proceedings of NIIPT “Insulation of overhead lines and substations in polluted areas”, Leningrad, Russia, Energoatomizdat, 1983, pp. 37–43 (in Russian) I. Gutman, E. A. Solomonik, Yu. N. Shumilov: Flashover characteristics of contaminated line composite insulators. Proceedings of NIIPT “Insulation of overhead lines and substations in polluted areas”, Leningrad, Russia, Energoatomizdat, 1983, pp. 37–43 (in Russian)
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Zurück zum Zitat I. Gutman, E. A. Solomonik, D. G. Kolker: Applicability assessment of silicone rubber composite insulators. Proceeding of NIIPT “High-effectiveness 110 to 1150 kV electrical networks”, Leningrad, Russia, Energoatomizdat, 1990, pp. 89–99 (in Russian) I. Gutman, E. A. Solomonik, D. G. Kolker: Applicability assessment of silicone rubber composite insulators. Proceeding of NIIPT “High-effectiveness 110 to 1150 kV electrical networks”, Leningrad, Russia, Energoatomizdat, 1990, pp. 89–99 (in Russian)
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Russian Standard GOST 28856-90: Line suspension long rod composite insulators. General technical requirements. Publishing house of standards, Moscow, 1990 (in Russian) Russian Standard GOST 28856-90: Line suspension long rod composite insulators. General technical requirements. Publishing house of standards, Moscow, 1990 (in Russian)
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Zurück zum Zitat Standard of Rosseti: Suspension line composite insulators. General technical requirements. August 2017 (in Russian) Standard of Rosseti: Suspension line composite insulators. General technical requirements. August 2017 (in Russian)
97.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Kawamura, T. Seta, K. Nagai, K. Naito: DC Pollution Performance of Insulators. CIGRE 1984, Paper 33–10 T. Kawamura, T. Seta, K. Nagai, K. Naito: DC Pollution Performance of Insulators. CIGRE 1984, Paper 33–10
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Zurück zum Zitat JEC (Japanese Electrotechnical Committee) – 0201: AC Voltage Insulation Tests. 1988 (in Japanese) JEC (Japanese Electrotechnical Committee) – 0201: AC Voltage Insulation Tests. 1988 (in Japanese)
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Y. Higashimori, Z. Nakao, S. Nishimura, J. X. Zhu, Z. Iha, T. Tamaki, J. Kato, R. Kimata, T. Mugishima, T. Kobayashi: Studies on Salt Contamination and Leakage Current of Silicone Rubber Insulators. Proceedings of International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), pp. 744–748, 1996 Y. Higashimori, Z. Nakao, S. Nishimura, J. X. Zhu, Z. Iha, T. Tamaki, J. Kato, R. Kimata, T. Mugishima, T. Kobayashi: Studies on Salt Contamination and Leakage Current of Silicone Rubber Insulators. Proceedings of International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), pp. 744–748, 1996
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Zurück zum Zitat O. Fujii, K. Kondo, T. Kondo, Y. Utsumi, T. Nakano: Investigation on Contamination Performance of Polymer Insulators Deposited with Algae. ISH-2013, No. 698, 2003 O. Fujii, K. Kondo, T. Kondo, Y. Utsumi, T. Nakano: Investigation on Contamination Performance of Polymer Insulators Deposited with Algae. ISH-2013, No. 698, 2003
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Zurück zum Zitat JEC (Japanese Electrotechnical Committee) – 5202: Bushings. 2019 (in Japanese) JEC (Japanese Electrotechnical Committee) – 5202: Bushings. 2019 (in Japanese)
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Zurück zum Zitat S. Narain, V. Naidoo, R. Vajeth: Upgrading the performance of the Apollo – Cahora Bassa 533kV links. CIGRE Session 2012, B2–301 S. Narain, V. Naidoo, R. Vajeth: Upgrading the performance of the Apollo – Cahora Bassa 533kV links. CIGRE Session 2012, B2–301
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Zurück zum Zitat X. Liang, S. Li: Looking to the Future of Composite Insulators. World Congress & Exhibition on Insulators, Arresters & Bushings, Munich, Germany, October 2015 X. Liang, S. Li: Looking to the Future of Composite Insulators. World Congress & Exhibition on Insulators, Arresters & Bushings, Munich, Germany, October 2015
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Zurück zum Zitat X. Liang, S. Li, Y. Gao, Z. Su, J. Zhou: Improving the outdoor insulation performance of Chinese EHV and UHV AC and DC overhead transmission lines. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, Vol. 36, pp. 7–25, 2020CrossRef X. Liang, S. Li, Y. Gao, Z. Su, J. Zhou: Improving the outdoor insulation performance of Chinese EHV and UHV AC and DC overhead transmission lines. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, Vol. 36, pp. 7–25, 2020CrossRef
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Zurück zum Zitat X. Liang, S. Wang, L. Huang, Q. Shen, X. Cheng: Artificial pollution test and pollution performance of composite insulators. 11th ISH, London, UK, 1999, pp. 337–340 X. Liang, S. Wang, L. Huang, Q. Shen, X. Cheng: Artificial pollution test and pollution performance of composite insulators. 11th ISH, London, UK, 1999, pp. 337–340
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Zurück zum Zitat China Electric Power Industrial Standard DL/T 810: Technical specification for ±500 kV D.C. long rod composite insulators. 2002 (in Chinese) China Electric Power Industrial Standard DL/T 810: Technical specification for ±500 kV D.C. long rod composite insulators. 2002 (in Chinese)
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Zurück zum Zitat China Electric Power Industrial Standard DL/T 810: Technical specification for long rod composite insulators with a nominal voltage of ±500 kV D.C. and above. 2012, (in Chinese) China Electric Power Industrial Standard DL/T 810: Technical specification for long rod composite insulators with a nominal voltage of ±500 kV D.C. and above. 2012, (in Chinese)
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Zurück zum Zitat China Electric Power Industrial Standard DL/T 859: Artificial pollution tests on composite insulators used on Highvoltage AC systems. 2004 (in Chinese) China Electric Power Industrial Standard DL/T 859: Artificial pollution tests on composite insulators used on Highvoltage AC systems. 2004 (in Chinese)
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Zurück zum Zitat China Electric Power Industrial Standard DL/T 859: Artificial pollution tests on composite insulators used on highvoltage AC systems. 2015 (in Chinese) China Electric Power Industrial Standard DL/T 859: Artificial pollution tests on composite insulators used on highvoltage AC systems. 2015 (in Chinese)
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Zurück zum Zitat National Standards of the People’s Republic of China GB/T 34937: Insulators for overhead lines – Composite suspension and tension insulators for d.c. systems with a nominal voltage greater than 1 500 V – Definitions, test methods and acceptance criteria. 2017 (in Chinese) National Standards of the People’s Republic of China GB/T 34937: Insulators for overhead lines – Composite suspension and tension insulators for d.c. systems with a nominal voltage greater than 1 500 V – Definitions, test methods and acceptance criteria. 2017 (in Chinese)
111.
Zurück zum Zitat IEC TS 62073 Ed. 2: 2016: Guidance on the measurement of hydrophobicity of insulator surfaces IEC TS 62073 Ed. 2: 2016: Guidance on the measurement of hydrophobicity of insulator surfaces
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Zurück zum Zitat W. Shaowu, L. Xidong, G. Zhicheng, W. Xun: Hydrophobicity transfer properties of silicone rubber contaminated by different kinds of pollutants. 2000 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Victoria, Canada, 2000, pp. 373–376 W. Shaowu, L. Xidong, G. Zhicheng, W. Xun: Hydrophobicity transfer properties of silicone rubber contaminated by different kinds of pollutants. 2000 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Victoria, Canada, 2000, pp. 373–376
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Zurück zum Zitat W. Shaowu, L. Xidong, H. Lengceng: Laboratory study on hydrophobicity and pollution flashover properties of polymer insulators. 1999 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Austin, USA, 1999, pp. 723–726 W. Shaowu, L. Xidong, H. Lengceng: Laboratory study on hydrophobicity and pollution flashover properties of polymer insulators. 1999 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Austin, USA, 1999, pp. 723–726
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Zurück zum Zitat X. Liang, S. Wang, J. Fan, Z. Guan: Development of composite insulators in China. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 6, pp. 586–594, 1999 X. Liang, S. Wang, J. Fan, Z. Guan: Development of composite insulators in China. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 6, pp. 586–594, 1999
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Zurück zum Zitat Z. Su, X. Liang, Y. Yin, J. Zhou, P. Li, W. Li: Important correction factors in HVDC line insulation selection. 14th ISH, Beijing, China, 2005, p. D-61 Z. Su, X. Liang, Y. Yin, J. Zhou, P. Li, W. Li: Important correction factors in HVDC line insulation selection. 14th ISH, Beijing, China, 2005, p. D-61
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Zurück zum Zitat DIN EN 45545-2: 2016: Bahnanwendungen -Brandschutz in Schienenfahrzeugen – Teil 2: Anforderungen an das Brandverhalten von Materialien und Komponenten; Deutsche Fassung EN 45545-2:2013+A1:2015 DIN EN 45545-2: 2016: Bahnanwendungen -Brandschutz in Schienenfahrzeugen – Teil 2: Anforderungen an das Brandverhalten von Materialien und Komponenten; Deutsche Fassung EN 45545-2:2013+A1:2015
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Zurück zum Zitat DIN EN ISO 4589-2: 2017: Kunststoffe – Bestimmung des Brennverhaltens durch den Sauerstoff-Index – Teil 2: Prüfung bei Umgebungstemperatur DIN EN ISO 4589-2: 2017: Kunststoffe – Bestimmung des Brennverhaltens durch den Sauerstoff-Index – Teil 2: Prüfung bei Umgebungstemperatur
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Zurück zum Zitat DIN EN ISO 5659-2: 2017: Kunststoffe – Rauchentwicklung – Teil 2: Bestimmung der optischen Dichte durch Einkammerprüfung DIN EN ISO 5659-2: 2017: Kunststoffe – Rauchentwicklung – Teil 2: Bestimmung der optischen Dichte durch Einkammerprüfung
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Zurück zum Zitat NF X-70-100-1: 2006: Fire Tests – Analysis Of Gaseous Effluents – Part 1: Methods For Analysing Gases Stemming From Thermal Degradation NF X-70-100-1: 2006: Fire Tests – Analysis Of Gaseous Effluents – Part 1: Methods For Analysing Gases Stemming From Thermal Degradation
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Zurück zum Zitat F. Schmuck, R. Baersch, J. Pilling: About an improved evaluation of results by the standardized salt-fog procedure for composite insulators. European Transaction Electrical Power, Vol. 6, pp. 237–243, 1996CrossRef F. Schmuck, R. Baersch, J. Pilling: About an improved evaluation of results by the standardized salt-fog procedure for composite insulators. European Transaction Electrical Power, Vol. 6, pp. 237–243, 1996CrossRef
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Zurück zum Zitat F. Schmuck: Zur zeitraffenden Alterungsprüfung von Silikongummi-Oberflächen unter Fremdschichtbelastung und simultaner 50-Hz-Spannungsbeanspruchung. Dissertation 1992, HTWS Zittau, Germany F. Schmuck: Zur zeitraffenden Alterungsprüfung von Silikongummi-Oberflächen unter Fremdschichtbelastung und simultaner 50-Hz-Spannungsbeanspruchung. Dissertation 1992, HTWS Zittau, Germany
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Zurück zum Zitat A. Hergert, J. Kindersberger, C. Bär, R. Bärsch: Transfer of hydrophobicity of polymeric insulating materials for high voltage outdoor application. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2017, Volume 24, Issue 2 A. Hergert, J. Kindersberger, C. Bär, R. Bärsch: Transfer of hydrophobicity of polymeric insulating materials for high voltage outdoor application. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2017, Volume 24, Issue 2
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Zurück zum Zitat H. Jahn: Zur Bewertung stofflicher und herstellungsbedingter Einflussgrößen auf das Hydrophobie- und Erosionsverhalten von Silikonelastomeroberflächen. Dissertation, TU Dresden 2003, Shaker Verlag ISBN 3-8322-1963-3 H. Jahn: Zur Bewertung stofflicher und herstellungsbedingter Einflussgrößen auf das Hydrophobie- und Erosionsverhalten von Silikonelastomeroberflächen. Dissertation, TU Dresden 2003, Shaker Verlag ISBN 3-8322-1963-3
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Zurück zum Zitat J. Lambrecht: Über Verfahren zur Bewertung der Hydrophobieeigenschaften von Silikon-elastomer-Formstoffen. Dissertation, TU Dresden 2001, Shaker Verlag ISBN 3-8265-9129-1 J. Lambrecht: Über Verfahren zur Bewertung der Hydrophobieeigenschaften von Silikon-elastomer-Formstoffen. Dissertation, TU Dresden 2001, Shaker Verlag ISBN 3-8265-9129-1
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Zurück zum Zitat S. Ansorge, F. Schmuck, K. O. Papailiou: Improved Silicone Rubbers for the Use as Housing Material in Composite Insulators. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation (Volume: 19, Issue: 1, February 2012) S. Ansorge, F. Schmuck, K. O. Papailiou: Improved Silicone Rubbers for the Use as Housing Material in Composite Insulators. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation (Volume: 19, Issue: 1, February 2012)
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Zurück zum Zitat L. E. Schmidt, X. Kornmann, A. Krivda, H. Hillborg: Tracking and Erosion Resistance of High Temperature Vulcanizing ATH-free Silicone Rubber. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 17, No. 2; April 2010 L. E. Schmidt, X. Kornmann, A. Krivda, H. Hillborg: Tracking and Erosion Resistance of High Temperature Vulcanizing ATH-free Silicone Rubber. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 17, No. 2; April 2010
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Zurück zum Zitat A. Krivda, L. E. Schmidt, X. Kornmann, H. Ghorbani, A. Ghorbandaeipour, M. Eriksson, H. Hillborg: Inclined-Plane Tracking and Erosion Test According to the IEC 60587 Standard. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine November/December 2009 – Vol. 25, No. 6 A. Krivda, L. E. Schmidt, X. Kornmann, H. Ghorbani, A. Ghorbandaeipour, M. Eriksson, H. Hillborg: Inclined-Plane Tracking and Erosion Test According to the IEC 60587 Standard. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine November/December 2009 – Vol. 25, No. 6
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Zurück zum Zitat Hochspannungsisoliertechnik: Elektrisches Verhalten und Klassifizierung der Isolierungen 1985 Hochspannungsisoliertechnik: Elektrisches Verhalten und Klassifizierung der Isolierungen 1985
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Zurück zum Zitat S. G. Alghamdi, D. W. Auckland, A. J. Risino, B. R. Varlow: Reducing Variability in Inclined-plane Tracking Test Results. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 3 No. 3, June 1996 S. G. Alghamdi, D. W. Auckland, A. J. Risino, B. R. Varlow: Reducing Variability in Inclined-plane Tracking Test Results. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 3 No. 3, June 1996
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Zurück zum Zitat CIGRE WG D1.14: Important Material Properties of RTV Silicone Rubber Insulator Coatings. TB 478, 2011 CIGRE WG D1.14: Important Material Properties of RTV Silicone Rubber Insulator Coatings. TB 478, 2011
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Zurück zum Zitat K. O. Papailiou, F. Schmuck: Intensified Sample Testing of Composite Insulators. MedPower 2008 K. O. Papailiou, F. Schmuck: Intensified Sample Testing of Composite Insulators. MedPower 2008
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Zurück zum Zitat CIGRE WG D1.27: Exploratory RRT – Material Ranking AC-DC for Tracking and Erosion. IWD D1-27_082 CIGRE WG D1.27: Exploratory RRT – Material Ranking AC-DC for Tracking and Erosion. IWD D1-27_082
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Zurück zum Zitat DL/T 810-2002: Electric Power Industry Standard of the People`s Republic of China: Technical Specification for ± 500 kV DC Long Rod Composite Insulators DL/T 810-2002: Electric Power Industry Standard of the People`s Republic of China: Technical Specification for ± 500 kV DC Long Rod Composite Insulators
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Zurück zum Zitat G. Heger, H. J. Vermeulen, J. P. Holtzhausen, W. L. Vosloo: A Comparative Study of Insulator Materials Exposed to High Voltage AC and DC Surface Discharges. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 17, No. 2; April 2010 G. Heger, H. J. Vermeulen, J. P. Holtzhausen, W. L. Vosloo: A Comparative Study of Insulator Materials Exposed to High Voltage AC and DC Surface Discharges. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 17, No. 2; April 2010
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Zurück zum Zitat S. M. Rowland, G. P. Bruce, Y. Liu, A. Krivda, L.E. Schmidt: Use of Image Analysis in DC Inclined Plane Tracking Tests of Nano and Micro Composites. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 18, No. 2; April 2011 S. M. Rowland, G. P. Bruce, Y. Liu, A. Krivda, L.E. Schmidt: Use of Image Analysis in DC Inclined Plane Tracking Tests of Nano and Micro Composites. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 18, No. 2; April 2011
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Zurück zum Zitat R. Cervinka, R. Bärsch, F. Exl, J. Kindersberger, HJ. Winter: Untersuchungen zur Beständigkeit der Hydrophobie von polymeren Isolierstoffoberflächen und ihrer Wiederkehr mit dem Dynamischen Tropfen-Prüfverfahren. ETG-Fachtagung, „Grenzflächen in elektrischen Isoliersystemen“, September 2008 in Würzburg R. Cervinka, R. Bärsch, F. Exl, J. Kindersberger, HJ. Winter: Untersuchungen zur Beständigkeit der Hydrophobie von polymeren Isolierstoffoberflächen und ihrer Wiederkehr mit dem Dynamischen Tropfen-Prüfverfahren. ETG-Fachtagung, „Grenzflächen in elektrischen Isoliersystemen“, September 2008 in Würzburg
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Zurück zum Zitat CIGRE WG D1.14: Evaluation of Dynamic Hydrophobicity Properties of Polymeric Materials for Non-Ceramic Outdoor Insulation – Retention and Transfer of Hydrophobicity. TB 442, December 2010 CIGRE WG D1.14: Evaluation of Dynamic Hydrophobicity Properties of Polymeric Materials for Non-Ceramic Outdoor Insulation – Retention and Transfer of Hydrophobicity. TB 442, December 2010
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Zurück zum Zitat S. Ansorge, F. Schmuck, S. Aitken, K. O. Papailiou: Improved performance of silicone rubbers for the use in composite insulators. CIGRE Paris 2010, D1-105_2010 S. Ansorge, F. Schmuck, S. Aitken, K. O. Papailiou: Improved performance of silicone rubbers for the use in composite insulators. CIGRE Paris 2010, D1-105_2010
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Zurück zum Zitat I. Gutman, A. Dernfalk: Pollution Tests for Polymeric Insulators made of Hydrophobicity Transfer Materials. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 17, No. 2; April 2010 I. Gutman, A. Dernfalk: Pollution Tests for Polymeric Insulators made of Hydrophobicity Transfer Materials. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 17, No. 2; April 2010
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Zurück zum Zitat C. Bär: Bewertung dynamischer Hydrophobieeigenschaften polymerer Isolierstoffe mit dem Dynamischen Tropfen-Prüfverfahren unter Wechsel- und Gleichspannungsbeanspruchung, Dr.-Ing. Dissertation, Technische Universität München, Germany, 2016 C. Bär: Bewertung dynamischer Hydrophobieeigenschaften polymerer Isolierstoffe mit dem Dynamischen Tropfen-Prüfverfahren unter Wechsel- und Gleichspannungsbeanspruchung, Dr.-Ing. Dissertation, Technische Universität München, Germany, 2016
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Zurück zum Zitat C. Bär, F. Schmuck, J. Strumbelj: Bewertung Dynamischer Hydrophobieeigenschaften von Silikonelastomeren hinsichtlich ihrer elektrischen Wirksamkeit unter AC- und DC-Belastung, Fachtagung Polymere Isolierstoffe und ihre Grenzflächen, Zittau, Deutschland, 17./18. Mai 2018 C. Bär, F. Schmuck, J. Strumbelj: Bewertung Dynamischer Hydrophobieeigenschaften von Silikonelastomeren hinsichtlich ihrer elektrischen Wirksamkeit unter AC- und DC-Belastung, Fachtagung Polymere Isolierstoffe und ihre Grenzflächen, Zittau, Deutschland, 17./18. Mai 2018
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Zurück zum Zitat J. Kindersberger, R. Bärsch, A. Hergert, C. Bär: Prüfverfahren für die Bewertung wasserabweisender Eigenschaften polymerer Isolierwerkstoffe für Hochspannungsanwendungen, Abschlussbericht zum IGF-Vorhaben Nr. 17001 BG der Forschungsvereinigung Elektrotechnik beim ZVEI e. V. im VDE e. V., Frankfurt/Main, 2015 J. Kindersberger, R. Bärsch, A. Hergert, C. Bär: Prüfverfahren für die Bewertung wasserabweisender Eigenschaften polymerer Isolierwerkstoffe für Hochspannungsanwendungen, Abschlussbericht zum IGF-Vorhaben Nr. 17001 BG der Forschungsvereinigung Elektrotechnik beim ZVEI e. V. im VDE e. V., Frankfurt/Main, 2015
144.
Zurück zum Zitat ISO 2781: 2018: Elastomere oder thermoplastische Elastomere – Bestimmung der Dichte ISO 2781: 2018: Elastomere oder thermoplastische Elastomere – Bestimmung der Dichte
145.
Zurück zum Zitat DIN 53505 2000: Prüfung von Kautschuk und Elastomeren – Härteprüfung nach Shore A und Shore D DIN 53505 2000: Prüfung von Kautschuk und Elastomeren – Härteprüfung nach Shore A und Shore D
146.
Zurück zum Zitat Mettler-Toledo GmbH: Thermomechanische Analyse für alle Ansprüche. Firmenbroschüre 2016 Mettler-Toledo GmbH: Thermomechanische Analyse für alle Ansprüche. Firmenbroschüre 2016
147.
Zurück zum Zitat Mettler-Toledo Group: Dynamisch Mechanische Analyse für höchste Ansprüche. Firmenbroschüre 2017 Mettler-Toledo Group: Dynamisch Mechanische Analyse für höchste Ansprüche. Firmenbroschüre 2017
148.
Zurück zum Zitat DIN 53504 2017: Prüfung von Kautschuk und Elastomeren – Bestimmung von Reißfestigkeit, Zugfestigkeit, Reißdehnung und Spannungswerten im Zugversuch DIN 53504 2017: Prüfung von Kautschuk und Elastomeren – Bestimmung von Reißfestigkeit, Zugfestigkeit, Reißdehnung und Spannungswerten im Zugversuch
149.
Zurück zum Zitat ISO 289-1: 2005: Rubber, unvulcanized – Determinations using a shearing-disc viscometer – Part 1: Determination of Mooney viscosity ISO 289-1: 2005: Rubber, unvulcanized – Determinations using a shearing-disc viscometer – Part 1: Determination of Mooney viscosity
150.
Zurück zum Zitat DIN 53529-2:1983: Prüfung von Kautschuk und Elastomeren; Vulkametrie; Bestimmung des Vulkanisationsverlaufes und reaktions-kinetische Auswertung von Vernetzungsisothermen DIN 53529-2:1983: Prüfung von Kautschuk und Elastomeren; Vulkametrie; Bestimmung des Vulkanisationsverlaufes und reaktions-kinetische Auswertung von Vernetzungsisothermen
Metadaten
Titel
Eine Übersicht zur Normung und zur Prüfung von Verbundisolatoren
verfasst von
Konstantin O. Papailiou
Frank Schmuck
Copyright-Jahr
2022
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64249-8_13