Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Erschienen in:
Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. Energy and Bandwidth-Efficient Modulation

verfasst von : Wei Gao

Erschienen in: Energy and Bandwidth-Efficient Wireless Transmission

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In addition to the requirement of high spectral efficiency, power (or energy) efficiency—equivalent to battery life—is another important requirement for modulation techniques. In some applications, such as mobile handset devices, portable devices, and even satellite communication equipment, energy efficiency is crucial to achieve longer battery life or longer communication time. In these applications, to maintain minimum DC power consumption by power amplifiers, the power amplifier must operate in or close to the saturation region to maximize energy efficiency or minimize DC power consumption because the minimum DC current consumption occurs in a saturation region. However, a saturated amplifier introduces amplitude modulation to amplitude modulation (AM/AM) and amplitude modulation to phase modulation (AM/PM) conversions into the amplified signal, which is usually the amplitude- and phase-modulated signal. If such an input signal to a power amplifier that operates in or close to a saturated condition is a non-constant envelope modulation signal, its output will be affected by the AM/AM and AM/PM conversions. As a result, a nonlinearly amplified signal at the output of the power amplifier is affected by spectrum regrowth such that its output signal cannot meet the required spectrum mask or adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) imposed by different standards and its error vector magnitude (EVM) is degraded as well. Thus, requirements of both energy efficiency and ACPR or spectrum efficiency impose constant or nearly constant envelope characteristics on the modulated signal to the power amplifier.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Vorheriges Kapitel Bandwidth-Efficient Modulation With OFDM
Nächstes Kapitel Linearization Techniques for RF Power Amplifiers
Literatur
1.
Proakis, J. G. (1995). Digital communications (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Inc.MATH
2.
Simon, M. K. (2001). Bandwidth-efficient digital modulation with application to deep-space communications (Deep-space communications and navigation series). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
3.
Murota, K., & Hirade, K. (1981, July). GMSK modulation for digital mobile radio telephony. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 29(7), 1044–1050.
4.
Feher, K. (1995). Wireless and digital communications; modulation & spread spectrum applications. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall PTR.
5.
Gao, W., Soderstrand, M., & Feher, K (1995, May). Gaussian filter screens TDMA and frequency-hopping spread-spectrum signals. Microwave & RF (pp. 17–20).
6.
Feher, K., & Kato, S. U.S. patents: 4,567,602; 4,339,724; 4,644,565; 5,784,402; 5,491,457. Canadian patents: 1,211,517; 1,130,871; 1,265,851.
7.
Seo, J. S., & Feher, K. (1985, May). SQAM: A new superposed QAM modem technique. Transactions on Communications, COM-33(3), 296–300.
8.
Kato, S., & Feher, K (1983, May). XPSK: A new cross-correlated phase shift keying modulation technique. IEEE Transactions on Communications, COM-31(5), 701–707.
9.
Telemetry Group. (2004, May). Telemetry Standards, IRIG Standard 106-04.
10.
Simon, M. K., & Wang, C. C. (1984, November). Differential detection of Gaussian MSK in a mobile radio environment. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, VT-33(4), 307–320.
11.
Sato, Y. (1975, June). A method of self-recovering equalization for multilevel amplitude modulation systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications, COM-23, 679–682.
12.
Godard, D. N. (1980, November). Self-recovering equalization and carrier tracking in two dimensional data communication systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications, COM-28, 1867–1875.
13.
Treichler, J. R., et al. (1983, April). A new approach to multipath correction of constant modulus signals. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ASSP-31(2), 459–472.
14.
Pasupathy, S. (1979, July). Minimum shift keying: A spectrally efficient modulation. IEEE Communications Magazine (pp. 14–22).
15.
Gao, W., & Feher, K. (1996, March). All digital reverse modulation architecture based carrier recovery implementation for GMSK and compatible FQPSK. IEEE Transaction on Broadcasting, 42(1), 55–62.
16.
Spilker, J. J., Jr. (1977). Digital communication by satellite (pp. 31–312). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
17.
Cavers, J. (1991, May). Performance of tone calibration with frequency offset and imperfect pilot filter. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, VT-40, 426–434.
18.
Jain, P. K. (2004, December). Regenerate coherent carriers from PSK signals. Microwaves & RF (pp. 52–68).
19.
Weber, C. L., & Alem, W. K. (1980, December). Demod-remod coherent tracking receiver for QPSK and SQPSK. IEEE Transactions on Communications, COM-28(12), 1945–1954.
20.
Morihiro, Y., Nakajima, S., & Furuya, N. (1979, October). A 100 Mbit/s prototype MSK modem for satellite communications. IEEE Transactions on Communications, COM-27(10), 1512–1518.
21.
Kaleh, G. K. (1989, December). Simple coherent receivers for partial response continuous phase modulation. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 7(9), 1427–1436.
22.
Anderson, J. B., Aulin, T., & Sundberg, C. E. (1986). Digital phase modulation. New York, NY: Plenum.CrossRef
23.
Liu, G. L. (1998, October). Threshold detection performance of GMSK signal with BTb = 0.5. MILCOM’98 Conference Proceedings, 2, 515–519.
24.
Laurent, P. A. (1986, February). Exact and approximate construction of digital phase modulations by superposition of amplitude modulated pulse. IEEE Transactions on Communications, COM-34(2), 150–160.
25.
Costas, J. P. (1956). Synchronous communications. Proceedings of the IRE, 44, 1713–1718.CrossRef
26.
Holmes, J. K. (1982). Coherent spread spectrum systems. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
27.
Chung, B. Y., et al. (1993, September). Performance analysis of an all-digital BPSK direct-sequence spread-spectrum IF receiver architecture. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 11(7), 1096–1107.
28.
Gardner, F. M. (1979). Phase lock techniques. New York, NY: Jon Wiley & Sons Inc.
29.
Lee, E. A., & Messerschmitt, D. G. (1994). Digital communication. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.CrossRef
30.
GSM 05.05 version 8.5.1 Release 1999. Digital Cellular Telecommunications Systems (Phase 2+); Radio Transmission and Reception. ETSI EN 300 910 V8.5.1 (2000-11).
31.
Weldon, J. A., Narayanaswami, R. S., Rudell, J. C., Lin, L., Otsuka, M., & Dedieu, S. (2001, December). A 1.75 GHz highly integrated narrow-band CMOS transmitter with harmonic-rejection mixers. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 36(12), 2003–2015.
32.
Stetzler, T. D., Post, I. G., Havens, J. H., & Koyama, M. (1995, December). A 2.7-4.5V single chip GSM transceiver RF integrated circuit. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 30, 1421–1429.
33.
Tham, J. I., et al. (March 1999). A 2.7V 900 MHz/1.9 GHz dual band transceiver IC for digital wireless communication. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuit, 34(3), 286–291.
34.
LMX3162 data sheet, National Semiconductor Corporation, January 2000.
35.
Heinen, S., Beyer, S., & Fenk, J. (1995, February). A 3.0V 2 GHz transmitter IC for digital radio communication with integrated VCO’s. Proceedings of the IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (pp. 150–151).
36.
Razavi, B. (2003). RF microelectronics. Taiwan: Pearson Education.
37.
Goldberg, B. (1999, June). Analog and digital fractional-N PLL frequency synthesis: A survey and update. Applied Microwave & Wireless (pp. 32–42).
38.
Riley, T. A. D., & Copeland, M. A. (1994, May). A simplified continuous phase modulator. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, 41(5), 321–328.
39.
Vandegraff, J. J. (1989, September 12). Phase locked frequency synthesizer with single input wideband modulation systems. US Patent 4,866,404.
40.
Perrott, M. H., Tewksbury, T. L., & Sodini, C. G. (1997, December). A 27-mW CMOS fractional-N synthesizer using digital compensation for 2.5 Mbit/s GFSK modulation. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 32(12), 2048–2060.
41.
Bax, W. T., & Copeland, M. A. (2001, August). A GMSK modulator using a Δ∑ frequency discriminator based synthesizer. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 36(8), 1218–1227.
42.
Lee, S. T. (2003). Quad-band global system for mobile communications complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transmitter. Doctor’s dissertation, University of Washington.
43.
McMahil, D. R., & Sodini, C. G. (2001). Automatic calibration of modulated ∑−Δ frequency synthesizers. Symposium on VLSI Circuits Digest of Technical Papers (pp. 51–54).
44.
McMahill, D. R., & Sodini, C. G. (2002, January). A 2.5 Mb/s GFSK 5 Mb/s 4-FSK automatically calibrated ∑−Δ frequency synthesizer. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 37(1), 18–26.
45.
Lee, T. H., & Bulzacchelli, J. F. (1992, December). A 155 MHz clock recovery delay- and phase-locked loop. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 27(12), 1736–1746.
46.
Yamawaki, T., Kokubo, M., Irie, K., Matsui, H., Hori, K., Endou, T., et al. (1997, December). A 2.7V GSM RF transceiver IC. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuit, 32(12), 2089–2096.
47.
Imine, G., Herzinger, S., Schmidtz, R., Kubetzko, D., & Fenk, J. (1998, February). An up-conversion loop transmitter IC for digital mobile telephones. ISSCC Digest of Technical Papers (pp. 364–365).
48.
Tham, J. L., Margarit, M. A., Pregardier, B., Hull, C. D., Magoon, R., & Carr, F. (1999, March). A 2.7V 900 MHz/1.9 GHz dual-band transceiver IC for digital wireless communication. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuit, 34(3), 286–291.
49.
Molnar, A., Magoon, R., Zachan, J., Hatcher, G., & Rhee, W. (2002, February). A single-chip quad-band (850/900/1800/1900 MHz) direct conversion GSM/GPRS RF transceiver with integrated VCOs and fractional-N synthesizer. ISSCC Digest of Technical Papers (pp. 184–185).
50.
Song, E., Koo, Y., Jung, Y.-J., Lee, D.-H., Chu, S., & Chae, S.-I. (2005, May). A 0.25 μm CMOS Quad-Band GSM RF transceiver using an efficient LO frequency plan. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 40(5), 1094–1106.
51.
Durrant, M., & Nitschke, A. (2005, May). Design considerations for an ultra-compact GSM radio solution. RF Design (pp. 46–54).
52.
Data sheet (2001, December 3). CX74017 RF transceiver for multi-band GSM/GPRS/EDGE applications, Conexant.
53.
Strange, J., & Atkinson, S. (2000, June). A direct conversion transceiver for multi-band GSM application. Proceedings of IEEE RFIC Symposium (pp. 25–28).
54.
Cipriani, S., Carpineto, L., Bisanti, B., Hogervorst, I. R., Puccio, G., & Mouralis, N. (2002). Fully integrated zero IF transceiver for GPRS/GSM/DCS/PCS application. ESSCIRC 2002 (pp. 439–442).
Metadaten
Titel
Energy and Bandwidth-Efficient Modulation
verfasst von
Wei Gao
Copyright-Jahr
2017
Buch
Energy and Bandwidth-Efficient Wireless Transmission

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-44220-4

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-44222-8

Copyright-Jahr: 2017

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44222-8_4

Neuer Inhalt

    Bildnachweise