Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
MTZ-Fachkongress

Antriebe und Energiesysteme von morgen


Austausch von Automobil- und Energiewirtschaft

Am 14./15. Mai geht es in Chemnitz um die Mobilitätswende durch Elektro- und Wasserstofffahrzeuge.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Erschienen in:
Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. Energy Security in a Steady-State World

verfasst von : Filippos Proedrou

Erschienen in: Energy Policy and Security under Climate Change

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This chapter assesses the merits of a steady-state energy policy across the energy security framework and, in doing so, compares and contrasts it with mainstream energy policies. A steady-state energy policy not only achieves sustainability, but also offers significant security of supply advantages in terms of physical availability of and access to energy. This stands in stark contrast to the geological, geopolitical and market risks plaguing conventional fossil-fired energy policies. A quantitative and qualitative discussion of the costs implicated in fossil and renewable energy also reveals that the latter is in general more affordable. In line with ecological economics’ suggestion for an ecological tax reform, the chapter concludes with a plea to fundamentally revisit the pricing of energy in contemporary societies as a driver to foster sustainability.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Vorheriges Kapitel Designing a Steady-State Energy Policy
Nächstes Kapitel Geopolitics and Development in a Steady-State World
Fußnoten
1
To make things worse, Britain’s abstruse decision to exit the EU leaves the EU without one of its most fervent climate proponents, and creates further uncertainties for the Union’s climate policy (Fischer and Geden 2016).
 
2
This event also gave full force to the enactment of Russia’s Asian pivot, the implementation of which nonetheless remains indeterminate since Beijing and Moscow find it hard to agree on the terms of their energy partnership. This reflects their hard political relationship. Bejing in particular fully appreciates Russia’s enfeebled position under Western sanctions and depressed international energy prices, while Moscow denies to succumb to Bejing’s terms and become a ‘resource appendage to China’ (Bradshaw 2012: 219; Skalamera and Goldthau 2016; Gabuev 2015; Proedrou 2017d). Flows of energy, contractual and infrastructure commitments, and security of supply and demand remain profoundly entangled with geopolitical considerations, fears and concerns.
 
3
This move seems unlikely for now for broader geopolitical, rather than energy security reasons. A US withdrawal from the Pacific and the China Sea, where China is attempting to carve out an extended zone for energy exploration at the mounting dissatisfaction of its much weaker neighbours, would allow China a free hand and would constitute a significant shift in the regional and global balance of power.
 
4
Noreng (2013: 169) brings to light an intriguing, reverse aspect of the peak oil discussion. He argues that different views on peak oil are far from interest-neutral. Peak oil theory plays nicely into the hands of those oil companies keen to see the perpetuation of high oil prices, of investors in alternative sources of energy, and of de-growth movements. What is more, peak oil encourages militaristic strategies to secure access to oil, and potentially also to deny access to energy to others. Negating that peak oil is a reality, on the other hand, matches the interests of oil companies wishing to up-scale exploration, and of the whole petroleum value chain.
 
5
In fact, the views on and understandings of peak oil will define how societies prepare for the post-carbon era, and will feed back into the structure of fossil energy prices. Dwindling exploration will boost extraction costs and culminate in the cascading divestment of the fossil sector (Bressand 2013: 20).
 
6
Bronson (2016) offers an alternative perspective. He argues that, ironically, it is to Saudi Arabia’s interest that the supply of unconventional energy from other producers increases, as this would protect Saudi Arabia’s excess capacity. For Saudi Arabia, the ultimate issue of concern is whether an abrupt increase of global oil demand, unmatched for by a proportional supply increase, will dramatically reduce its reserves, thus rendering it just another country producing at full capacity. This would dilute Saudi Arabia’s excess capacity and its ensuing wherewithal to act as swing producer, in other words the essential assets that allow Saudi Arabia to influence the international oil price, and this way maximize its revenues and geopolitical clout.
 
7
This section draws from Proedrou, F. 2017. A New Framework for EU Energy Security: Putting Sustainability First. European Politics and Society, 18: 2, 182–198.
 
Literatur
Agarwal, A. and Narain, S. 1991. Global Warming in an Unequal World: A Case of Environmental Colonialism. New Delhi: Centre for Science and Environment.
Aras, B. and Falk, R. 2015. Authoritarian ‘Geopolitics’ of Survival in the Arab Spring. Third World Quarterly, 36: 2, 322–336.CrossRef
Baker, S. 2006. Sustainable Development. London: Routledge.
Belyi, A. 2016. Why is the Oil Price Not about Equilibrium?: An Economic Sociology Account of Petroleum Markets. Energy Policy, 96, 45–49.CrossRef
Bere, J. et al. 2017. Energy and Development in the Periphery: A Regional Perspective on Small Hydropower Projects. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 35: 2, 355–375.
Bradley, P., Leach, M. and Torriti, J. 2013. A Review of the Costs and Benefits of Demand Response for Electricity in the UK. Energy Policy, 52, 312–327.CrossRef
Bradshaw, M. 2012. Russian Energy Dilemmas: Energy Security, Globalization and Climate Change, in P. Aalto (ed.), Russia’s Energy Policies: National, Interregional and Global Levels. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 206–229.
Bradshaw, M. 2014. Global Energy Dilemmas. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Bressand, A. 2013. The Role of Markets and Investment in Global Energy, in A. Goldthau (ed.), The Handbook of Global Energy Policy. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 15–29.CrossRef
Bronson, R. 2016. The Geopolitics of Energy: Will a Boom Follow Today’s Bust in Energy Prices?. Energy Quarterly, 41, MRS Bulletin, 429.CrossRef
Brown, M. and Sovacool, B. 2011. Climate Change and Global Energy Security: Technology and Policy Options. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Buchan, D. and Keay, M. 2016. EU Energy Policy – 4th Time Lucky?. Oxford Energy Comment, The Oxford Institute of Energy Studies, 1–9.
Buzan, B. and Hansen, L. 2009. The Evolution of International Security Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
Cable, V. 2010. The Storm: The World Economic Crisis and What it Means. London: Atlantic Books.
Chen, G. and Lees, C. 2016. Growing China’s Renewables Sector: A Developmental State Approach. New Political Economy, 21: 6, 574–586.CrossRef
Cherp, A. and Jewell, J. 2014. The Concept of Energy Security: Beyond the Four As. Energy Policy, 75, 415–421.CrossRef
Collier, P. 2007. The Bottom Billion. Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can Be Done About It. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Compston, H. and Bailey, I. 2013. Climate Policies and Anti-Climate Policies. Open Journal of Political Science, 3: 4, 146–157.CrossRef
Coutinho, L. 2012. Optimal Natural Wealth Management, in H. Faustmann (ed.), Cyprus Offshore Hydrocarbons: Regional Politics and Wealth Distribution. Nicosia: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung and the PRIO Cyprus Centre, PCC Report 1/2012, 45–56.
Cowell, R. et al. 2017. Energy Transitions, Sub-national Government and Regime Flexibility: How Has Devolution in the United Kingdom Affected Renewable Energy Development?. Energy Research & Social Science, 23, 169–181.CrossRef
Creutzig, F. et al. 2014. Challenging the European Climate Debate: Can Universal Climate Justice and Economics Be Reconciled with Particularistic Politics?. Global Policy, 5, 6–14.CrossRef
Daly, H. 1996. Beyond Growth: The Economics of Sustainable Development. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
Daly, H. and Farley, J. 2004. Ecological Economics. Principles and Applications. Washington: Island Press.
Dannreuther, R. 2015. Energy Security and Shifting Modes of Governance. International Politics, 52: 4, 466–483.CrossRef
Davidescu, S. 2017. The Europeanization of Renewable Energy Policy in Romania, in I. Solorio and H. Jörgens (eds), A Guide to EU Renewable Energy Policy. Comparing Europeanization and Domestic Policy Change in EU Member States. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 204–223.CrossRef
Deese, D. 1979. Energy: Economics, Politics, and Security. International Security, 4: 3, 140–153.CrossRef
Douthwaite, R. 1992. The Growth Illusion: How Economic Growth Enriched the Few, Impoverished the Many, and Endangered the Planet. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers.
Douthwaite, R. 1996. Short Circuit: A Practical New Approach to Building More Self-Reliant Communities. Devon: Green Books.
Dubash, N. and Florini, A. 2011. Mapping Global Energy Governance. Global Policy, 2: 1, 6–18.CrossRef
Escribano, G. 2017. RES in the Hood and the Shrinking Mediterranean Solar Plan, in I. Solorio and H. Jörgens (eds), A Guide to EU Renewable Energy Policy. Comparing Europeanization and Domestic Policy Change in EU Member States. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 247–264.CrossRef
European Commission. 2016a. The Revised Renewable Energy Directive. MEMO – Clean Energy for All, 30 November, 1–6.
European Commission. 2016b. The New Energy Efficiency Measures. MEMO – Clean Energy for All, 30 November, 1–6.
Falkner, R. 2016. The Paris Agreement and the New Logic of International Climate Politics. International Affairs. 92: 5, 1107–1125.CrossRef
Fattouh, B., Henderson, J. and Sen, A. 2016. Saudi-Russia Production Accord: The Freeze before the Thaw?. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, Oxford Energy Comment, 1–10.
Fattouh, B. and Sen, A. 2016. OPEC Deal or No Deal? This is Not the Question. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, Oxford Energy Comment, 1–8.
Fischer, S. and Geden, O. 2016. Brexit: Impacts on Europe’s Energy and Climate Policy. CSS Analyses in Security Policy, ETH Zurich, 1–4.
Gabuev, A. 2015. A “Soft Alliance”?: Russia-China Relations after the Ukraine Crisis. London: European Council on Foreign Relations.
Goldthau, A. 2012. A Public Policy Perspective on Global Energy Security. International Studies Perspectives, 13, 65–84.CrossRef
Goldthau, A. 2013b. Introduction: Key Dimensions of Global Energy Policy, in A. Goldthau (ed.), The Handbook of Global Energy Policy. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 1–12.CrossRef
Goldthau, A. 2013c. Conclusion: Global Energy Policy: Findings and New Research Agendas, in A. Goldthau (ed.), The Handbook of Global Energy Policy. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 521–525.CrossRef
Goldthau, A. 2017. The G20 Must Govern the Shift to Low-Carbon Energy. Nature Comment, 546: 7657, 203–205.CrossRef
Goldthau, A. and Sitter, N. 2014. A Liberal Actor in a Realist World? The Commission and the External Dimension of the Single Market for Energy. Journal of European Public Policy, 21: 10, 1452–1472.CrossRef
Haas, P. 2017. Parxit, the United States, and the World. Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment [first online], 1–3.
Heinberg, R. 2011. The End of Growth: Adapting to our New Economic Reality. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers.
Helm, D. 2014. The European Framework for Energy and Climate Policies. Energy Policy, 64, 29–35.CrossRef
Hensel, N. 2012. An Economic and National Security Perspective on Critical Resources in the Energy Sector, in S.F. Krishna-Hensel (ed.), New Security Frontiers: Critical Energy and the Resource Challenge. Surrey: Ashgate, 113–138.
Hinrichs-Rahlwes, R. 2017. Foreword, in I. Solorio and H. Jörgens (eds), A Guide to EU Renewable Energy Policy. Comparing Europeanization and Domestic Policy Change in EU Member States. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, xi–xvi.
Hubbert, M.K. 1969. Resources and Man. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council.
International Energy Agency. 2011. The IEA Model of Short-Term Energy Security. Primary Energy Sources and Secondary Fuels. Working Paper, 1–48.
Jackson, T. 1996. Material Concerns: Pollution, Profit, and Quality of Life. London: Routledge.CrossRef
Jaffe, A. and Soligo, R. 2008. Militarization of Energy: Geopolitical Threats to the Global Energy System. The Global Energy Market. Comprehensive Strategies to Meet Geopolitical and Economic Risks Working Paper. Energy Forum, James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University.
Jankowska, K. and Ancygier, A. 2017. Poland at the Renewable Energy Policy Crossroads: An Incongruent Europeanization?, in I. Solorio and H. Jörgens (eds), A Guide to EU Renewable Energy Policy. Comparing Europeanization and Domestic Policy Change in EU Member States. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 183–203.CrossRef
Jewell, J., Cherp, A. and Riahi, K. 2014. Energy Security Under De-carbonization Scenarios: An Assessment Framework and Evaluation Under Different Technology and Policy Choices. Energy Policy, 65, 743–760.CrossRef
Kallis, G. and Sager, J. 2017. Oil and the Economy: A Systematic Review of the Literature for Ecological Economists. Ecological Economics, 131, 561–571.CrossRef
Keating, M. et al. 2012. Introduction: Bringing Energy into International Political Economy, in M. Keating et al. (eds), Dynamics of Energy Governance in Europe and Russia. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1–19.
Khrushcheva, O. and Maltby, T. 2016. The Future of EU-Russia Energy Relations in the Context of Decarbonisation. Geopolitics, 21: 4, 799–830.CrossRef
Klare, M. 2015. Hard Power, Soft Power, and Energy Power – The New Foreign Policy Tool. Foreign Affairs. March (snapshot).
Kuzemko, C., Keating, M. and Goldthau, A. 2015. The Global Energy Challenge: Environment, Development and Security. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Latouche, S. 2009. Farewell to Growth. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Lawn, P. 2007. Frontier Issues in Ecological Economics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.CrossRef
Liu, J. et al. 2012. Cyber Security and Privacy Issues in Smart Grids. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 14: 4, 981–997.CrossRef
Mares, D. 2010. Resource Nationalism and Energy Security in Latin America: Implications for the Global Oil Supplies. James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University Working Paper, 1–42.
Matson, P., Clark, W. and Andersson, K. 2016. Pursuing Sustainability: A Guide to the Science and Practice. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Minsky, H. 1992. The Financial Instability Hypothesis. The Jerome Levy Economics Institute Working Paper, 74.
Mulligan, S. 2010. Energy, Environment, and Security: Critical Links in a Post-peak World. Global Environmental Politics, 10: 4, 79–100.CrossRef
Mulligan, S. 2011. Energy and Human Ecology: A Critical Security Approach. Environmental Politics, 20: 5, 633–649.CrossRef
Noreng, O. 2013. Global Resource Scramble and New Energy Frontiers, in A. Goldthau (ed.), The Handbook of Global Energy Policy. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 159–175.CrossRef
O’Hanlon, M. 2010. How Much Does the United States Spend Protecting Persian Gulf Oil?, in C. Pascual and J. Elkind (eds), Energy Security: Economics, Politics, Strategies, and Implications. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 59–72.
O’Sullivan, M. 2013. The Entanglement of Energy, Grand Strategy, and International Security, in A. Goldthau (ed.), The Handbook of Global Energy Policy. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 30–47.CrossRef
Odell, P. 2004. Why Carbon Fuels Will Dominate the 21st Century’s Global Energy Economy. Brentwood, Essex: Multi-Science Publishing.
Odum, H. 2007. Environment, Power and Society for the Twenty-First Century. The Hierarchy of Energy. New York: Columbia University Press.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/International Energy Agency. 2015. Renewable Energy Medium-Term Market Report. Market Analysis and Forecasts to 2020. Executive Summary, 1–8.
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. 2015. Monthly Oil Report, 16 March.
Pascual, C. 2015. The New Geopolitics of Energy. Columbia: Center on Global Energy Policy.
Pascual, C. and Elkind, J. (eds). 2010. Energy Security: Economics, Politics, Strategies, and Implications. Brookings Institution Press.
Pike, W. 2010. Challenges and Solutions for 2011 and Beyond. World Oil, December Issue, 29–30.
Proedrou, F. 2012. EU Energy Security in the Gas Sector: Evolving Dynamics, Policy Dilemmas and Prospects. Surrey: Ashgate.
Proedrou, F. 2015. Rethinking Energy Security: An Inter-Paradigmatic Debate. ELIAMEP Policy Paper, 1–18.
Proedrou, F. 2017a. A New Framework for EU Energy Security: Putting Sustainability First. European Politics and Society, 18: 2, 182–198.CrossRef
Proedrou, F. 2017c. Are Smart Grids the Key to EU Energy Security?, in R. Leal-Arcas and J. Wouters (eds.), Research Handbook on EU Energy Law and Policy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 450–459.CrossRef
Proedrou, F. 2017d. Russia’s Structural Power in Europe: Deficiencies and Potential of Its Energy Strategy. Europe-Asia Studies (forthcoming).
Rees, W. and Wackernagel, M. 1999. Monetary Analysis: Turning a Blind Eye on Sustainability. Ecological Economics, 29: 1, 47–52.CrossRef
Sager, J. 2015. The Ecological Keynesian: Energy, Money, and Oil Cycles in the Global System [A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Energy and Resources in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley].
Scholten, D. and Bosman, R. 2016. The Geopolitics of Renewables: Exploring the Political Implications of Renewable Energy Systems. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 103, 273–283.CrossRef
Shaffer, B. 2011. Energy Politics. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Skalamera, M. and Goldthau, A. 2016. Russia: Playing Hardball or Bidding Farewell to Europe? Debunking the Myths of Eurasia’s New Geopolitics of Gas. Discussion Paper Summary, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, 1–54.
Solorio, I. and Bocquillon, P. 2017. EU Renewable Energy Policy: A Brief Overview of its History and Evolution, in I. Solorio and H. Jörgens (eds), A Guide to EU Renewable Energy Policy. Comparing Europeanization and Domestic Policy Change in EU Member States. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 23–42.CrossRef
Sovacool, B. 2016. How Long Will It Take? Conceptualizing the Temporal Dynamics of Energy Transitions. Energy Research & Social Science, 13, 202–215.CrossRef
Sovacool, B. and Brown, M. 2010. Competing Dimensions of Energy Security: An International Perspective. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 35, 77–108.CrossRef
Sovacool, B. and Drupady, I. 2016. Energy Access, Poverty, and Development: The Governance of Small-Scale Renewable Energy in Developing Asia. London and New York: Routledge.
Sovacool, B. and Sidortsov, R. 2013. Energy Governance in the United States, in A. Goldthau (ed.), The Handbook of Global Energy Policy. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 435–456.CrossRef
Stern, J. 2017. The Future of Gas in Decarbonising European Energy Markets: The Need for a New Approach. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies Paper, NG 116, 1–31.
Stevens, P. 2010. The “Shale Gas Revolution”: Hype and Reality. A Chatham House Report. Chatham House.
Stiglitz, J. 2010. Freefall: America, Free Markets, and the Sinking of the World Economy. New York: Norton.
Strange, S. 1997. Casino Capitalism. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Strange, S. 1998. What Theory? The Theory in Mad Money. CSGR Working Paper, 18/98, 1–29.
Szulecki, K. 2018. The Multiple Faces of Energy Security: An Introduction, in K. Szulecki (ed.), Energy Security in Europe: Divergent Perceptions and Policy Challenges. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1–29.CrossRef
Szulecki, K. et al. 2016. Shaping the ‘Energy Union’: Between National Positions and Governance Innovation in EU Energy and Climate Policy. Climate Policy, 16: 5, 548–567.CrossRef
Tonnensson, S. and Kolas, A. 2006. Energy Security in Asia: China, India, Oil and Peace. Report to the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Oslo: PRIO.
Umbach, F. 2010. Global Energy Security and the Implications for the EU. Energy Policy, 38: 3, 1229–1240.CrossRef
Victor, D., Jaffe, A. and Hayes, M. (eds). 2006. Natural Gas and Geopolitics: From 1970 to 2040. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Victor, P. and Jackson, T. 2015. The Trouble with Growth, in World Watch Institute (ed.), State of the World 2015: Confronting Hidden Threats to Sustainability. London: Island Press, 37–50.CrossRef
Von Weizsäcker, E.U. 2014. Overcoming the Mikado Situation. Global Policy, 5, 21–23.CrossRef
Wackernagel, M. and Rees, W. 1998. Our Ecological Footprint. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers.
Wackernagel, M. et al. 2006. Ecological Footprint Accounts for Advancing Sustainability: Measuring Human Demands on Nature, in P. Lawn (ed.), Sustainable Development Indicators in Ecological Economics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 246–267.
Wright, P. 2006. Gas Prices in the UK: Markets and Insecurity of Supply. Oxford: The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.
Yegorov, Y., Wirl, F. and Dehvani, J. 2015. Future of Natural Gas in EU: Will Geopolitics Take over Economics?. IAEE Conference Paper, Antalya, Turkey, 1–12.
Yergin, D. 2006. Ensuring Energy Security. Foreign Affairs, March/April, 69–82.CrossRef
Zimmerer, J. 2014. Climate Change, Environmental Violence and Genocide. The International Journal of Human Rights, 18: 3, 265–280.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Energy Security in a Steady-State World
verfasst von
Filippos Proedrou
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Buch
Energy Policy and Security under Climate Change

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-77163-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-77164-9

Copyright-Jahr: 2018

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77164-9_4

Premium Partner

    Bildnachweise