Skip to main content

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Entrepreneurial Aptitude and Gender-Related Stereotypes: A Research on Competences, Policies and Practices to Foster Entrepreneurial Culture in a Less Favoured Environment

verfasst von : Stefano Noventa, Serena Cubico, Maddalena Formicuzzi, Piermatteo Ardolino, Giuseppe Favretto, Francesco Ciabuschi, João Leitão

Erschienen in: Entrepreneurship and the Industry Life Cycle

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The present work explores gender stereotypes and perception of entrepreneurship in the island of Sardinia, an Italian region characterized by unfavourable socio-economic conditions. Exploring the relation between entrepreneurial aptitude, competences, and social environment is of primary importance for developing entrepreneurship and understanding the evolution of regional human capital. Results of a questionnaire administered to a sample of aspiring, actual, and attempted Sardinian entrepreneurs, suggest that gender stereotypes and perceived inequalities endanger entrepreneurial networks, in spite of pre-existing feminine norms, and gender equality of education, aptitude, competences and regional opportunities. The findings suggest that a pervasive masculine discourse on entrepreneurship can hinder entrepreneurial perception and outcomes, and supplement the extant literature on the importance of a multiple culture perspective. It is suggested that policy-makers should pay attention to gender-related stereotypes and to entrepreneurial aptitude in order to convert detrimental regional and social networks into innovation systems. Practises for future investigations and recommendations to develop knowledge competences are also discussed.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Alh, H. (2006). Why research on women entrepreneurs needs new directions. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 30(5), 595–621.CrossRef Alh, H. (2006). Why research on women entrepreneurs needs new directions. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 30(5), 595–621.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Alvarez, S. A., & Busenitz, L. W. (2001). The entrepreneurship of resource-based theory. Journal of Management, 27, 755–775.CrossRef Alvarez, S. A., & Busenitz, L. W. (2001). The entrepreneurship of resource-based theory. Journal of Management, 27, 755–775.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Amoros, J. E., & Bosma, N. (2013). Global entrepreneurship monitor: 2013 Global report. Babson Park, MA/London: Babson College/London Business School. Amoros, J. E., & Bosma, N. (2013). Global entrepreneurship monitor: 2013 Global report. Babson Park, MA/London: Babson College/London Business School.
Zurück zum Zitat Angioni, G. (2005). La famiglia e la donna in Sardegna, annotazioni di studio.[The family and the woman in Sardinia, study notes]. Lares, 71(3), 487–498. Angioni, G. (2005). La famiglia e la donna in Sardegna, annotazioni di studio.[The family and the woman in Sardinia, study notes]. Lares, 71(3), 487–498.
Zurück zum Zitat Assmuth, L. (1997). Women’s work, women’s worth: Changing life courses in Highland Sardinia. In Transactions of the Finnish Anthropological Society (Vol. 39). Finnish Anthropological Society. Assmuth, L. (1997). Women’s work, women’s worth: Changing life courses in Highland Sardinia. In Transactions of the Finnish Anthropological Society (Vol. 39). Finnish Anthropological Society.
Zurück zum Zitat Audretsch, D., & Fritsch, M. (2002). Growth regimes over time and space. Regional Studies, 36(2), 113–124.CrossRef Audretsch, D., & Fritsch, M. (2002). Growth regimes over time and space. Regional Studies, 36(2), 113–124.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Audretsch, D. B., Bönte, W., & Keilbach, M. (2008). Entrepreneurship capital and its impact on knowledge diffusion and economic performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 23, 687–698.CrossRef Audretsch, D. B., Bönte, W., & Keilbach, M. (2008). Entrepreneurship capital and its impact on knowledge diffusion and economic performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 23, 687–698.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Batterbury, S. C. (2002). Evaluating policy implementation: The European Union’s small and medium sized enterprise policies in Galicia and Sardinia. Regional Studies, 36(8), 861–876.CrossRef Batterbury, S. C. (2002). Evaluating policy implementation: The European Union’s small and medium sized enterprise policies in Galicia and Sardinia. Regional Studies, 36(8), 861–876.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Baughn, C. C., Chua, B.-L., & Neupert, K. E. (2006). The normative context for women’s participation in entrepreneurship: A multicountry study. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 30(5), 687–708.CrossRef Baughn, C. C., Chua, B.-L., & Neupert, K. E. (2006). The normative context for women’s participation in entrepreneurship: A multicountry study. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 30(5), 687–708.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bernardi, L., & Oppo, A. (2007). Fertility and family configurations in Sardinia (MPIDR working paper 033). Bernardi, L., & Oppo, A. (2007). Fertility and family configurations in Sardinia (MPIDR working paper 033).
Zurück zum Zitat Beugelsdijk, S. (2007). Entrepreneurial culture, regional innovativeness and economic growth. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 17(2), 187–210.CrossRef Beugelsdijk, S. (2007). Entrepreneurial culture, regional innovativeness and economic growth. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 17(2), 187–210.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Birley, S. (1985). The role of networks in the entrepreneurial process. Journal of Business Venturing, 1(1), 107–117.CrossRef Birley, S. (1985). The role of networks in the entrepreneurial process. Journal of Business Venturing, 1(1), 107–117.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bodemann, Y. M. (1982). Class rule as patronage: Kinship, local ruling cliques and the state in rural Sardinia. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 9(2), 147–175.CrossRef Bodemann, Y. M. (1982). Class rule as patronage: Kinship, local ruling cliques and the state in rural Sardinia. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 9(2), 147–175.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Boi, D., Giancola, P., Marinelli, B., Sinis, M., Fusco, A., & Piano, M. G. (1999). Imprese di donne. Un’indagine sull’imprenditoria femminile in Sardegna [Womenenterprises. An investigation on female entrepreneurship in Sardinia]. Milano: FrancoAngeli. Boi, D., Giancola, P., Marinelli, B., Sinis, M., Fusco, A., & Piano, M. G. (1999). Imprese di donne. Un’indagine sull’imprenditoria femminile in Sardegna [Womenenterprises. An investigation on female entrepreneurship in Sardinia]. Milano: FrancoAngeli.
Zurück zum Zitat Breschi, S., & Lissoni, F. (2001). Knowledge spillovers and local innovation systems: A critical survey. Industrial and Corporate Change, 10(4), 975–1005.CrossRef Breschi, S., & Lissoni, F. (2001). Knowledge spillovers and local innovation systems: A critical survey. Industrial and Corporate Change, 10(4), 975–1005.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brindley, C. (2005). Barriers to women achieving their entrepreneurial potential women and risk. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 11(2), 144–161.CrossRef Brindley, C. (2005). Barriers to women achieving their entrepreneurial potential women and risk. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 11(2), 144–161.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brockhaus, R. H. (1982). The psychology of the entrepreneur. In C. A. Kent, D. L. Sexton, & K. H. Vesper (Eds.), Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship (pp. 39–71). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Brockhaus, R. H. (1982). The psychology of the entrepreneur. In C. A. Kent, D. L. Sexton, & K. H. Vesper (Eds.), Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship (pp. 39–71). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Zurück zum Zitat Brush, C. G. (1992). Research on women business owners: Past trends, a new perspective and future directions. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 16(4), 5–30.CrossRef Brush, C. G. (1992). Research on women business owners: Past trends, a new perspective and future directions. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 16(4), 5–30.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brush, C. G., & Cooper, S. Y. (2012). Female entrepreneurship and economic development: An international perspective. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 24(1–2), 1–6.CrossRef Brush, C. G., & Cooper, S. Y. (2012). Female entrepreneurship and economic development: An international perspective. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 24(1–2), 1–6.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cantner, U., & Graf, H. (2004). The network of innovators in Jena: An application of social network analysis. Research Policy, 35, 463–480.CrossRef Cantner, U., & Graf, H. (2004). The network of innovators in Jena: An application of social network analysis. Research Policy, 35, 463–480.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cantner, U., & Graf, H. (2008). Interaction structures in local innovation systems (No. 2008, 040). Jena economic research papers. Cantner, U., & Graf, H. (2008). Interaction structures in local innovation systems (No. 2008, 040). Jena economic research papers.
Zurück zum Zitat Centro di Ricerche Economiche Nord Sud (CRENoS). (2010). XVII Rapporto sull’Economia della Sardegna. Cagliari: Centro di Ricerche Economiche Nord Sud. Centro di Ricerche Economiche Nord Sud (CRENoS). (2010). XVII Rapporto sull’Economia della Sardegna. Cagliari: Centro di Ricerche Economiche Nord Sud.
Zurück zum Zitat Centro di Ricerche Economiche Nord Sud (CRENoS). (2014). XXI Rapporto sull’Economia della Sardegna. Cagliari: Centro di Ricerche Economiche Nord Sud. Centro di Ricerche Economiche Nord Sud (CRENoS). (2014). XXI Rapporto sull’Economia della Sardegna. Cagliari: Centro di Ricerche Economiche Nord Sud.
Zurück zum Zitat Cerina, F. (2006). La dinamica del Pil e dei consumi: i dati regionali italiani [GDP dynamics and consumption: italian regioanl data]. In CRENoS, Economia della Sardegna-XIII Rapporto 2006. Cagliari: CUEC. Cerina, F. (2006). La dinamica del Pil e dei consumi: i dati regionali italiani [GDP dynamics and consumption: italian regioanl data]. In CRENoS, Economia della Sardegna-XIII Rapporto 2006. Cagliari: CUEC.
Zurück zum Zitat Cetindamar, D., Gupta, V. K., Karadeniz, E. E., & Egcrica, N. (2012). What the numbers tell: the impact of human, family and financial capital on women and men’s entry into entrepreneurship in Turkey. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 24(1–2), 29–51.CrossRef Cetindamar, D., Gupta, V. K., Karadeniz, E. E., & Egcrica, N. (2012). What the numbers tell: the impact of human, family and financial capital on women and men’s entry into entrepreneurship in Turkey. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 24(1–2), 29–51.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1989). Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10(1), 75–87.CrossRef Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1989). Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10(1), 75–87.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cubico, S., Bortolani, E., Favretto, G., & Sartori, R. (2010). Describing the entrepreneurial profile: The entrepreneurial aptitude test (TAI). International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 11(4), 424–435.CrossRef Cubico, S., Bortolani, E., Favretto, G., & Sartori, R. (2010). Describing the entrepreneurial profile: The entrepreneurial aptitude test (TAI). International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 11(4), 424–435.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Da Re, M. G. (1990). La casa e I Campi. La Divisione Sessuale del Lavoro nella Sardegna Tradizionale [The house and the fields. The sexual division of works in the traditional Sardinia]. Cagliari: CUEC. Da Re, M. G. (1990). La casa e I Campi. La Divisione Sessuale del Lavoro nella Sardegna Tradizionale [The house and the fields. The sexual division of works in the traditional Sardinia]. Cagliari: CUEC.
Zurück zum Zitat De Tienne, D. R., & Chandler, G. N. (2007). The role of gender in opportunity identification. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 31(3), 365–386.CrossRef De Tienne, D. R., & Chandler, G. N. (2007). The role of gender in opportunity identification. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 31(3), 365–386.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Edquist, C., & Johnson, B. (1997). Institutions and organisations in systems of innovation. In C. Edquist (Ed.), Systems of Innovation: Technologies, Institutions and Organizations (pp. 41–63). London: Pinter. Edquist, C., & Johnson, B. (1997). Institutions and organisations in systems of innovation. In C. Edquist (Ed.), Systems of Innovation: Technologies, Institutions and Organizations (pp. 41–63). London: Pinter.
Zurück zum Zitat Eller, C. (2011). The myth of a matriarchal prehistory. The University Press Group. Eller, C. (2011). The myth of a matriarchal prehistory. The University Press Group.
Zurück zum Zitat Fischer, E. M., Reuber, A. R., & Dyke, L. S. (1993). A theoretical overview and extension of research on sex, gender, and entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 8(2), 151–168.CrossRef Fischer, E. M., Reuber, A. R., & Dyke, L. S. (1993). A theoretical overview and extension of research on sex, gender, and entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 8(2), 151–168.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fritsch, M., & Mueller, P. (2004). Effects of new business formation on regional development over time. Regional Studies, 38(8), 961–975.CrossRef Fritsch, M., & Mueller, P. (2004). Effects of new business formation on regional development over time. Regional Studies, 38(8), 961–975.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fuentes, M. M. F., Arroyo, M. R., Bojica, A. M., & Perez, V. F. (2010). Prior knowledge and social networks in the exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 6, 481–501.CrossRef Fuentes, M. M. F., Arroyo, M. R., Bojica, A. M., & Perez, V. F. (2010). Prior knowledge and social networks in the exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 6, 481–501.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat García-Cabrera, A. M., & García-Soto, M. G. (2008). Cultural differences and entrepreneurial behaviour: An intra-country cross-cultural analysis in Cape Verde. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 20(5), 451–483.CrossRef García-Cabrera, A. M., & García-Soto, M. G. (2008). Cultural differences and entrepreneurial behaviour: An intra-country cross-cultural analysis in Cape Verde. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 20(5), 451–483.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Goktan, A. B., & Gupta, V. K. (2015). Sex, gender, and individual entrepreneurial orientation: Evidence from four countries. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11, 95–112.CrossRef Goktan, A. B., & Gupta, V. K. (2015). Sex, gender, and individual entrepreneurial orientation: Evidence from four countries. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11, 95–112.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Greve, A. (1995). Networks and entrepreneurship, an analysis of social relations, occupation background, and use of contacts during the establishment process. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 11(1), 1–24.CrossRef Greve, A. (1995). Networks and entrepreneurship, an analysis of social relations, occupation background, and use of contacts during the establishment process. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 11(1), 1–24.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Grilo, I., & Thurik, R. (2004). Determinants of entrepreneurship in Europe. ERIM Report Series Research in Management. Grilo, I., & Thurik, R. (2004). Determinants of entrepreneurship in Europe. ERIM Report Series Research in Management.
Zurück zum Zitat Gupta, V. K., Turban, D. B., Arzu Wasti, S., & Sikdar, A. (2009). The role of gender stereotypes in perceptions of entrepreneurs and intentions to become an entrepreneur. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 33(2), 397–417.CrossRef Gupta, V. K., Turban, D. B., Arzu Wasti, S., & Sikdar, A. (2009). The role of gender stereotypes in perceptions of entrepreneurs and intentions to become an entrepreneur. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 33(2), 397–417.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hamilton, E. (2013). The discourse of entrepreneurial masculinities (and femininities). Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 25(1–2), 90–99.CrossRef Hamilton, E. (2013). The discourse of entrepreneurial masculinities (and femininities). Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 25(1–2), 90–99.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hisrich, R., Langan-Fox, J., & Grant, S. (2007). Entrepreneurship research and practice. American Psychologist, 62(6), 575–589.CrossRef Hisrich, R., Langan-Fox, J., & Grant, S. (2007). Entrepreneurship research and practice. American Psychologist, 62(6), 575–589.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hoang, H., & Antoncic, B. (2003). Network-based research in entrepreneurship. A critical review. Journal of Business Venturing, 18, 165–187.CrossRef Hoang, H., & Antoncic, B. (2003). Network-based research in entrepreneurship. A critical review. Journal of Business Venturing, 18, 165–187.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences. comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences. comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Zurück zum Zitat Hopp, C., & Stephan, U. (2012). The influence of socio-cultural environments on the performance of nascent entrepreneurs: Community culture, motivation, self-efficacy and start-up success. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 24(9/10), 917–945.CrossRef Hopp, C., & Stephan, U. (2012). The influence of socio-cultural environments on the performance of nascent entrepreneurs: Community culture, motivation, self-efficacy and start-up success. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 24(9/10), 917–945.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hospers, G. J. (2003). Localization in Europe’s periphery: Tourism development in Sardinia. European Planning Studies, 11(6), 629–645.CrossRef Hospers, G. J. (2003). Localization in Europe’s periphery: Tourism development in Sardinia. European Planning Studies, 11(6), 629–645.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hospers, G.-J., Desrochers, P., & Sautet, F. (2009). The next Silicon Valley? On the relationship between geographical clustering and public policy. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 5, 285–299.CrossRef Hospers, G.-J., Desrochers, P., & Sautet, F. (2009). The next Silicon Valley? On the relationship between geographical clustering and public policy. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 5, 285–299.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kelley, D., Brush, C., Greene, P., Herrington, M., Ali, A., & Kew, P. (2014). Global entrepreneurship monitor special report on women’s entrepreneurship. Babson Park, MA/London: Babson College/London Business School. Kelley, D., Brush, C., Greene, P., Herrington, M., Ali, A., & Kew, P. (2014). Global entrepreneurship monitor special report on women’s entrepreneurship. Babson Park, MA/London: Babson College/London Business School.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim, S. M., & Sherraden, M. (2014). The impact of gender and social networks on microenterprise business performance. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 41(3), 49–69. Kim, S. M., & Sherraden, M. (2014). The impact of gender and social networks on microenterprise business performance. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 41(3), 49–69.
Zurück zum Zitat King, R. (1977). Recent industrialisation in Sardinia: Rebirth or Neo-colonialism? Erdkunde, 31(2), 87–102.CrossRef King, R. (1977). Recent industrialisation in Sardinia: Rebirth or Neo-colonialism? Erdkunde, 31(2), 87–102.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Klapper, L. F., & Parker, S. C. (2011). Gender and the business environment for new firm creation. The World Bank Research Observer, 26(2), 237–257.CrossRef Klapper, L. F., & Parker, S. C. (2011). Gender and the business environment for new firm creation. The World Bank Research Observer, 26(2), 237–257.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Klyver, K., & Grant, S. (2010). Gender differences in entrepreneurial networking and participation. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 2(3), 213–227.CrossRef Klyver, K., & Grant, S. (2010). Gender differences in entrepreneurial networking and participation. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 2(3), 213–227.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Klyver, K., Hindle, K., & Meyer, D. (2008). Influence of social network structure on entrepreneurship participation – A study of 20 national cultures. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4, 331–347.CrossRef Klyver, K., Hindle, K., & Meyer, D. (2008). Influence of social network structure on entrepreneurship participation – A study of 20 national cultures. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4, 331–347.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kotey, B. (2006). Entrepreneurship and regional development: A theoretical framework. Small Enterprise Research, 14(2), 20–45.CrossRef Kotey, B. (2006). Entrepreneurship and regional development: A theoretical framework. Small Enterprise Research, 14(2), 20–45.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Krauss, S. I., Frese, M., Friedrich, C., & Unger, J. U. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation: A psychological model of success among Southern African small business owners. European Journal of and Organizational Psychology, 14, 315–344.CrossRef Krauss, S. I., Frese, M., Friedrich, C., & Unger, J. U. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation: A psychological model of success among Southern African small business owners. European Journal of and Organizational Psychology, 14, 315–344.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Krueger, N. F., Jr., & Carsrud, A. L. (1993). Entrepreneurial intentions: Applying the theory of planned behaviour. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 5, 315–330.CrossRef Krueger, N. F., Jr., & Carsrud, A. L. (1993). Entrepreneurial intentions: Applying the theory of planned behaviour. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 5, 315–330.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Langowitz, N., & Minniti, N. (2007). The entrepreneurial propensity of woman. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 31(3), 341–364.CrossRef Langowitz, N., & Minniti, N. (2007). The entrepreneurial propensity of woman. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 31(3), 341–364.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135–172.CrossRef Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135–172.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Manolova, T., Brush, C. G., Edelman, L. F., & Shaver, K. G. (2012). One size does not fit all: Entrepreneurial expectancies and growth intentions of US women and men nascent entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 24(1-2), 7–27.CrossRef Manolova, T., Brush, C. G., Edelman, L. F., & Shaver, K. G. (2012). One size does not fit all: Entrepreneurial expectancies and growth intentions of US women and men nascent entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 24(1-2), 7–27.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mariotti, S., & Piscitello, L. (2001). Localized capabilities and the internationalization of the manufacturing activities by SMEs. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 13, 65–80.CrossRef Mariotti, S., & Piscitello, L. (2001). Localized capabilities and the internationalization of the manufacturing activities by SMEs. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 13, 65–80.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Marlow, S., & Swail, J. (2014). Gender, risk and finance pp. why can’t a woman be more like a man? Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 26(1–2), 80–96.CrossRef Marlow, S., & Swail, J. (2014). Gender, risk and finance pp. why can’t a woman be more like a man? Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 26(1–2), 80–96.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McDonald, F., Tsagdis, D., & Huang, Q. (2006). The development of industrial clusters and public policy. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 18(6), 525–542.CrossRef McDonald, F., Tsagdis, D., & Huang, Q. (2006). The development of industrial clusters and public policy. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 18(6), 525–542.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Cook, J. M. (2001). Birds of a feather: Homophily in social network. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 415–444.CrossRef McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Cook, J. M. (2001). Birds of a feather: Homophily in social network. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 415–444.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Meccheri, N., & Pelloni, G. (2006). Rural entrepreneurs and institutional assistance: An empirical study from mountainous Italy. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 18, 371–392.CrossRef Meccheri, N., & Pelloni, G. (2006). Rural entrepreneurs and institutional assistance: An empirical study from mountainous Italy. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 18, 371–392.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Miller, D. (1983). The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management Science, 29(7), 770–792.CrossRef Miller, D. (1983). The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management Science, 29(7), 770–792.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mitchell, R. K., Smith, B., Sewright, K. W., & Morse, E. A. (2000). Cross-cultural cognitions and the venture creation decision. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 974–993. Mitchell, R. K., Smith, B., Sewright, K. W., & Morse, E. A. (2000). Cross-cultural cognitions and the venture creation decision. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 974–993.
Zurück zum Zitat Mitchell, K. R., Busenitz, L., Lant, T., McDougall, P. P., Morse, E. A., & Smith, J. B. (2002). Entrepreneurial cognition: Rethinking the people side of entrepreneurship research. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 27(2), 93–206.CrossRef Mitchell, K. R., Busenitz, L., Lant, T., McDougall, P. P., Morse, E. A., & Smith, J. B. (2002). Entrepreneurial cognition: Rethinking the people side of entrepreneurship research. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 27(2), 93–206.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mueller, S. L., & Dato-on, M. C. (2013). A cross cultural study of gender-role orientation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9, 1–20.CrossRef Mueller, S. L., & Dato-on, M. C. (2013). A cross cultural study of gender-role orientation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9, 1–20.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Murphy, P. J., Liao, J., & Welsch, H. P. (2006). A conceptual history of entrepreneurial thought. Journal of Management History, 12(1), 12–35.CrossRef Murphy, P. J., Liao, J., & Welsch, H. P. (2006). A conceptual history of entrepreneurial thought. Journal of Management History, 12(1), 12–35.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Nongbri, T. (2008). Gender, matriliny and entrepreneurship: The Khasis of North-East India. New Delhi: Zubaan. Nongbri, T. (2008). Gender, matriliny and entrepreneurship: The Khasis of North-East India. New Delhi: Zubaan.
Zurück zum Zitat Oppo, A. (1990). Where there’s no woman there’s no home: Profile of the agro-pastoral family in nineteenth-century Sardinia. Journal of Family History, 15(1), 483–502.CrossRef Oppo, A. (1990). Where there’s no woman there’s no home: Profile of the agro-pastoral family in nineteenth-century Sardinia. Journal of Family History, 15(1), 483–502.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Paci, R. (1999). L’evoluzione del Sistema economico della Sardegna negli anni novanta [The evolution of the economic system of Sardinia in the nineties]. Contributi di Ricerca CRENoS, 00/1. Cagliari: Università di Cagliari. Paci, R. (1999). L’evoluzione del Sistema economico della Sardegna negli anni novanta [The evolution of the economic system of Sardinia in the nineties]. Contributi di Ricerca CRENoS, 00/1. Cagliari: Università di Cagliari.
Zurück zum Zitat Pines, A. M., Lerner, M., & Schwartz, D. (2010). Gender differences in entrepreneurship. Equality, diversity and inclusion in times of global crisis. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 29(2), 186–198.CrossRef Pines, A. M., Lerner, M., & Schwartz, D. (2010). Gender differences in entrepreneurship. Equality, diversity and inclusion in times of global crisis. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 29(2), 186–198.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pitzalis-Acciaro, M. (1978). In Nome della Madre. Ipotesi sul Matriarcato Barbaricino [In the name of the mother hypothesis on the Barbaricino Matriarchy]. Milano: Feltrinelli. Pitzalis-Acciaro, M. (1978). In Nome della Madre. Ipotesi sul Matriarcato Barbaricino [In the name of the mother hypothesis on the Barbaricino Matriarchy]. Milano: Feltrinelli.
Zurück zum Zitat Popielarz, P. A. (1999). Organizational constraints on personal network formation. In S. B. Andrews & D. Knoke (Eds.), Research in the sociology of organizations (Vol 16, pp. 263–281). Stamford, CT: JAI Press. Popielarz, P. A. (1999). Organizational constraints on personal network formation. In S. B. Andrews & D. Knoke (Eds.), Research in the sociology of organizations (Vol 16, pp. 263–281). Stamford, CT: JAI Press.
Zurück zum Zitat R Development Core Team. (2017). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Accessed July 10, 2017, from https://www.r-project.org/ R Development Core Team. (2017). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Accessed July 10, 2017, from https://​www.​r-project.​org/​
Zurück zum Zitat Rauch, A., & Frese, M. (2007). Born to be entrepreneur? Revisiting the personality approach to entrepreneurship. In J. R. Baum, M. Frese, & R. Baron (Eds.), The psychology of entrepreneurship (pp. 41–65). Mahawah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Rauch, A., & Frese, M. (2007). Born to be entrepreneur? Revisiting the personality approach to entrepreneurship. In J. R. Baum, M. Frese, & R. Baron (Eds.), The psychology of entrepreneurship (pp. 41–65). Mahawah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Zurück zum Zitat Renzulli, L., Aldrich, H., & Moody, J. (2000). Family matters: Gender, networks, and entrepreneurial outcomes. Social Forces, 79, 523–546.CrossRef Renzulli, L., Aldrich, H., & Moody, J. (2000). Family matters: Gender, networks, and entrepreneurial outcomes. Social Forces, 79, 523–546.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Robinson, P. B., & Sexton, E. A. (1994). The effect of education and experience on self-employment success. Journal of Business Venturing, 9(3), 141–156.CrossRef Robinson, P. B., & Sexton, E. A. (1994). The effect of education and experience on self-employment success. Journal of Business Venturing, 9(3), 141–156.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rosti, L., & Chelli, F. (2005). Gender discrimination, entrepreneurial talent and self-employment. Small Business Economics, 24, 131–142.CrossRef Rosti, L., & Chelli, F. (2005). Gender discrimination, entrepreneurial talent and self-employment. Small Business Economics, 24, 131–142.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ruef, M. (2002). Strong ties, weak ties and islands: Structural and cultural predictors of organizational innovation. Industrial and Corporate Change, 11(3), 427–449.CrossRef Ruef, M. (2002). Strong ties, weak ties and islands: Structural and cultural predictors of organizational innovation. Industrial and Corporate Change, 11(3), 427–449.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sackmann, S. A., & Phillips, M. E. (2004). Contextual influences on culture research: Shifting assumptions for new workplace realities. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 4(3), 370–390.CrossRef Sackmann, S. A., & Phillips, M. E. (2004). Contextual influences on culture research: Shifting assumptions for new workplace realities. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 4(3), 370–390.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sammarra, A., & Belussi, F. (2006). Evolution and relocation in fashion-led Italian districts: Evidence from two case-studies. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 18(6), 543–562.CrossRef Sammarra, A., & Belussi, F. (2006). Evolution and relocation in fashion-led Italian districts: Evidence from two case-studies. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 18(6), 543–562.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Schaalje, G. B., McBride, J. B., & Fellingham, G. W. (2002). Adequacy of approximations to distributions of test statistics in complex mixed linear models. Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, 7(4), 512–524.CrossRef Schaalje, G. B., McBride, J. B., & Fellingham, G. W. (2002). Adequacy of approximations to distributions of test statistics in complex mixed linear models. Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, 7(4), 512–524.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Shinnar, R. S., Giacomin, O., & Janssen, F. (2012). Entrepreneurial perceptions and intentions: The role of gender and culture. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 36(3), 465–493.CrossRef Shinnar, R. S., Giacomin, O., & Janssen, F. (2012). Entrepreneurial perceptions and intentions: The role of gender and culture. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 36(3), 465–493.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Shneor, R., Camgöz, S. M., & Karapinar, P. B. (2013). The interaction between culture and sex in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 25(9-10), 781–803.CrossRef Shneor, R., Camgöz, S. M., & Karapinar, P. B. (2013). The interaction between culture and sex in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 25(9-10), 781–803.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Thompson, P., Jones-Evans, D., & Kwong, C. (2009). Women and home based entrepreneurship: Evidence from the UK. International Small Business Journal, 27(2), 227–240.CrossRef Thompson, P., Jones-Evans, D., & Kwong, C. (2009). Women and home based entrepreneurship: Evidence from the UK. International Small Business Journal, 27(2), 227–240.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tung, R. (2008). The cross-cultural research imperative: The need to balance cross-national and intra-national diversity. Journal of International Business Studies, 39, 41–46.CrossRef Tung, R. (2008). The cross-cultural research imperative: The need to balance cross-national and intra-national diversity. Journal of International Business Studies, 39, 41–46.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat van der Zwan, P., Verheul, I., & Thurik, A. R. (2012). The entrepreneurial ladder, gender and regional development. Small business Economics, 39, 627–643.CrossRef van der Zwan, P., Verheul, I., & Thurik, A. R. (2012). The entrepreneurial ladder, gender and regional development. Small business Economics, 39, 627–643.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Walter, S. G., Parboteeah, K. P., & Walter, A. (2013). University departments and self-employment intentions of business students: A cross-level analysis. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 37(2), 175–200.CrossRef Walter, S. G., Parboteeah, K. P., & Walter, A. (2013). University departments and self-employment intentions of business students: A cross-level analysis. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 37(2), 175–200.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Welter, F., Trettin, L., & Neumann, U. (2008). Fostering entrepreneurship in distressed urban neighbourhoods. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4, 109–128.CrossRef Welter, F., Trettin, L., & Neumann, U. (2008). Fostering entrepreneurship in distressed urban neighbourhoods. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4, 109–128.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wilson, F., Kickul, J., & Marlino, R. (2007). Gender, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial career intentions: Implications for entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 31(3), 387–406.CrossRef Wilson, F., Kickul, J., & Marlino, R. (2007). Gender, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial career intentions: Implications for entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, 31(3), 387–406.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zander, L., & Romani, L. (2004). When nationality matters: A study of departmental, hierarchical, professional, gender and age-based employee groupings’ leadership preferences across 15 countries. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 4(3), 291–315.CrossRef Zander, L., & Romani, L. (2004). When nationality matters: A study of departmental, hierarchical, professional, gender and age-based employee groupings’ leadership preferences across 15 countries. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 4(3), 291–315.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, J. (2010). The problems of using social networks in entrepreneurial resource acquisition. International Small Business Journal, 28, 338–361.CrossRef Zhang, J. (2010). The problems of using social networks in entrepreneurial resource acquisition. International Small Business Journal, 28, 338–361.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhao, H., & Siebert, S. E. (2006). The big five personality dimension and entrepreneurial status: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(2), 259–271.CrossRef Zhao, H., & Siebert, S. E. (2006). The big five personality dimension and entrepreneurial status: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(2), 259–271.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E., & Hills, G. E. (2005). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1265–1272.CrossRef Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E., & Hills, G. E. (2005). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1265–1272.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Entrepreneurial Aptitude and Gender-Related Stereotypes: A Research on Competences, Policies and Practices to Foster Entrepreneurial Culture in a Less Favoured Environment
verfasst von
Stefano Noventa
Serena Cubico
Maddalena Formicuzzi
Piermatteo Ardolino
Giuseppe Favretto
Francesco Ciabuschi
João Leitão
Copyright-Jahr
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89336-5_4

Premium Partner