nach oben

Erschienen in:

2012 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. “Environmental Isotope Geochemistry”: Past, Present and Future

verfasst von : Mark Baskaran

Erschienen in: Handbook of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

A large number of radioactive and stable isotopes of the first 95 elements in the periodic table that occur in the environment have provided a tremendous wealth of information towards unraveling many secrets of our Earth and its environmental health. These isotopes, because of their suitable geochemical and nuclear properties, serve as tracers and chronometers to investigate a variety of topics that include chronology of rocks and minerals, reconstruction of sea-level changes, paleoclimates, and paleoenvironments, erosion and weathering rates of rocks and minerals, rock-water interactions, material transport within and between various reservoirs of earth, and magmatic processes. Isotopic data have also provided information on time scales of mixing processes in the oceans and atmosphere, as well as residence times of oceanic constituents and gases in the atmosphere.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Nächstes Kapitel An Overview of Isotope Geochemistry in Environmental Studies

Abelson PH (1988) Isotopes in earth science. Science 242:1357

Anderson EC, Libby WF, Weinhouse S, Reid AF et al (1947) Radiocarbon from cosmic radiation. Nature 105:576–577

Baskaran M (2011) Dating of biogenic and inorganic carbonates using ²¹⁰Pb-²²⁶Ra disequilibrium method – a review. In: Handbook of environmental isotope geochemistry. Springer, Berlin

Baskaran M, Hong GH, Santschi PH (2009) Radionuclide analyses in seawater. In: Wurl O (ed) Practical guidelines for the analysis of seawater. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 259–304

Becquerel AH (1896) On the rays emitted by phosphorescent bodies. Comptes Rendus de Seances de l’academie de Sciences 122:501–503

Bennett RP, Beukens RP, Clover HE, Gove RB et al (1977) Radiocarbon dating using electrostatic accelerators: negative ions provide the key. Science 198:508–510

Bigeleisen J, Mayer M (1947) Calculation of equilibrium constant for isotope exchange reactions. J Chem Phys 15:261–167

Blum JD (2011) Applications of stable mercury isotopes to biogeochemistry. In: Advances in isotope geochemistry. Springer, Heidelberg

Bollhofer A, Rosman K (2001) Isotopic source signatures for atmospheric lead; the Northern hemisphere. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 65:1727–1740

Boltwood BB (1907) Note on a new radioactive element. Am J Sci 24:370–372

Bourdon B, Henderson GM, Lundstrom CC, Turner SP (2003) Uranium-series geochemistry (eds) vol 52. Geochemical Society – Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC, pp. 656

Chen JH, Edwards RL, Wasserburg GJ (1986) ²³⁸U, ²³⁴U, and ²³²Th in seawater. Earth Planet Sci Lett 80:241–251

Cherdyntsev VV (1955) On isotopic composition of radioelements in natural objects, and problems of geochronology. Izv Akad Nauk SSR 175

Clayton RN, Grossman L, Mayeda TK (1973) A component of primitive nuclear composition in carbonaceous meteorites. Science 182:485–488

Cohen AS, O’Nions RK (1991) Precise determination of femtogram quantities of radium by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 63:2705–2708

Creaser RA, Papanastassiou DA, Wasserburg GJ (1991) Negative thermal ion mass-spectrometry of osmium, rhenium and iridium. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 55:397–401

Curie M (1898) Rays emitted by compounds of uranium and thorium. Comptes Rendus de Seances de l’academie de Sciences 126:1101–1103

Dole M, Slobod RL (1940) Isotopic composition of oxygen in carbonate rocks and iron oxide ores. J Am Chem Soc 62:471–479

Edwards RL, Chen JH, Wasserburg GJ (1987) ²³⁸U-²³⁴U-²³⁰ Th-²³²Th systematic and the precise measurement of time over the past 500,000 years. Earth Planet Sci Lett 81:175–192

Edwards RL, Chen JH, Wasserburg GJ (1988) Dating earthquakes with high-precision thorium-230 ages of very young corals. Earth Planet Sci Lett 90:371–381

Fajans K (1913) Radioactive transformations and the periodic system of the elements. Berichte der Dautschen Chemischen Gesellschaft 46:422–439

Goldstein SJ, Stirling CH (2003) Techniques for measuring uranium-series nuclides: 1992–2002. Rev Mineral Geochem 52:23–57

Gulson B (2011) Sources of lead and its mobility in the human body Inferred from Lead Isotopes. In: Advances in isotope geochemistry Springer, Heidelberg

Heidenreich BC III, Thiemens MH (1986) A non-mass-dependent oxygen isotope effect in the production of ozone from molecular oxygen: the role of symmetry in isotope chemistry. J Chem Phys 84:2129–2136

Henderson GM (2003) One hundred years ago: the birth of uranium-series science. Rev Mineral Geochem 52:v–x

Ivanovich M, Harmon RS (eds) (1992) Uranium-series disequilibrium. Applications to earth, marine, and environmental sciences, 2nd edn. Clarendon Press, Oxford, p 909

Komárek M, Ettler V, Chrastný V, Mihaljevič M (2008) Lead isotopes in environmental sciences: a review. Environ Int 977 34:562–577

Krishnaswami S, Cochran JK (2008) U-Th series nuclides in aquatic systems, Vol 13 (Radioactivity in the Environment). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 458

Krishnaswami S, Lal D (2008) Cosmogenic nuclides in the environment: a brief review of their applications. In: Gupta H, Fareeduddin (eds) Recent Advances in Earth System Sciences. Geol Soc India Golden Jubilee Volume pp 559–600

Lal D, Baskaran M (2011) Applications of cosmogenic-isotopes as atmospheric tracers. In: Advances in isotope geochemistry. Springer, Heidelberg

Lal D, Peters B (1967) Cosmic-ray produced radioactivities on the earth. Handbuch Phys. 46. Springer, Berlin, p 551

Livingston HD (2004) Marine Radioactivity (In: Radioactivity in the Environment Series), 6. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 310.

Maréchal C, Télouk P, Albarède F (1999) Precise analysis of copper and zinc isotope compositions by plasma-source mass spectrometry. Chem Geol 156:251–273

Moore WS (2008) Fifteen years experience in measuring ²²⁴Ra and ²²³Ra by delayed-coincidence counting. Mar Chem 109:188–197

Muller RA (1977) Radioisotope dating with a Cyclotron. Science 196:489–494

Murphy GM, Urey HC (1932) On the relative abundances of the nitrogen and oxygen isotopes. Phys Rev 41:921–924

Nelson DE, Koertling RG, Stott WR (1977) Carbon-14: direct detection at natural concentrations. Science 198:507–508

Nier AO, Gulbransen EA (1939) Variations in the relative abundance of the carbon isotopes. J Am Chem Soc 61:697–698

O’Neil JR (1986) Theoretical and experimental aspects of isotopic fractionation. Rev Mineral 16:1–40

Pickett DA, Murrell MT, Williams RW (1994) Determination of femtogram quantities of protactinium in geologic samples by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 66:1044–1049

Rehkämper M, Halliday AN (1999) The precise measurement of Tl isotopic compositions by MC- ICPMS: application to the analysis of geological materials and meteorites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63:935–944

Rosman KJR (1972) A survey of the isotopic and elemental abundances of zinc. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 36:801–819

Rutherford E (1900) A radioactive substance emitted from thorium compounds. Philos Mag 49:1–14

Rutherford E, Soddy F (1902) The cause and nature of radioactivity Part 1. Philos Trans R Soc 4:370–396

Schwarcz HP, Schoeninger MJ (2011) Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen as tracers for paleo-diet reconstruction. In: Advances in isotope geochemistry. Springer, Heidelberg

Sherwood Lollar B, Slater GF, Sleep B, Witt M et al (2001) Stable carbon isotope evidence for intrinsic bioremediation of tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene at Area 6, Dover Air Force Base. Environ Sci Technol 35:261–269

Soddy F (1913) Radioactivity. In: Annual Reports on the Progress of Chemistry. The Chemical Society, London, pp 262–288

Stirling CH, Andersen MB, Potter E-K, Halliday AN (2007) Low-temperature isotopic fractionation of uranium. Earth Planet Sci Lett 264:208–225

Strutt RJ (1905) On the radio-active minerals. Proc R Soc London 76:88–101

Synal H-A, Wacker L (2010) AMS Measurement technique after 30 years: possibilities and limitations of low energy systems. Nucl Inst Meth Phys Res B 268:701–707

Taylor PDP, De Bievre P, Walder AJ, Entwistle A (1995) Validation of the analytical linearity and mass discrimination correction model exhibited by a Multiple Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer by means of a set of synthetic uranium isotope mixtures. J Anal At Spectrom 10:395–398

Thiemens MH (2006) History and applications of mass-independent isotope effects. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 34:217–262

Thiemens MH, Heidenreich JE (1983) The mass-independent fractionation of oxygen: a novel isotope effect and its possible cosmochemical implications. Science 219:1073–1075

Thurber DL (1962) Anomalous ²³⁴U/²³⁸U in nature. J Geophys Res 67:4518–1523

Trumbore SE (2002) Radiocarbon chronology. In: Noller JS, Sowers JM, Lettis WR (eds) Quaternary geochronology: methods and applications, AGU Reference Shelf 4. pp 41–60

Urey HC (1947) The thermodynamic properties of isotopic substances. J Chem Soc Lond 562–581

Urey HC (1948) Oxygen isotopes in nature and in the laboratory. Science 108:489–496

Volpe AM, Olivares JA, Murrell MT (1991) Determination of radium isotope ratios and abundances in geologic samples by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 63:913–916

Walder AJ, Freedman PA (1992) Isotopic ratio measurement using a double focusing magnetic-sector mass analyzer with an inductively coupled plasma as an ion-source. J Anal Atom Spec 7:571–575

Weiss DJ, Rehkämper M, Schoenberg R, McLaughlin M et al (2008) Application of nontraditional stable-isotope systems to the study of sources and fate of metals in the environment. Eiviron Sci Technol 42:655–664

Young ED, Gay A, Nagahara H (2002) Kinetic and equilibrium mass-dependent isotope fractionation laws in nature and their geochemical and cosmochemical significance. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 66:1095–1104

Titel: “Environmental Isotope Geochemistry”: Past, Present and Future
verfasst von: Mark Baskaran
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch: Handbook of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-10636-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-642-10637-8

Copyright-Jahr: 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10637-8_1