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1999 | Buch

What Do We Know About the Geomorphology and Physical Oceanography of South American Estuaries? Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Estuaries of South America

Their Geomorphology and Dynamics

herausgegeben von: Gerardo M. E. Perillo, María Cintia Piccolo, Mario Pino-Quivira

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Buchreihe : Environmental Science and Engineering

Enthalten in: Professional Book Archive

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Über dieses Buch

The original idea of this book started when we were making a residual fluxes study of the Paranagua Coastal Lagoon (Brazil) near the colonial town of Guaraque~aba.Among the beautiful mangroves of this Brazilian National Park, between profile and profile, we wondered why South American estuaries were little known in the international arena. Besides, most of the papers published in the literature are based on biological research. Practically nothing is known about their geomorphology and dynamics. That night, while we were walking along the hilly streets of the town, we decided that the only way to have an idea about the degree of advance in the geomorphology and dynamics of our estuaries was to ask the proper South American researchers to write review articles about the estuaries in which they were working or about the gen­ eral state of the art of the Geomorphology and Physical Oceanography of the estuar­ ies of his/her country. The book grew from then on. Although initially many scien­ tists offer to write a chapter, we ran into the same problem these researchers have to publish in journals, they felt that their English was not good enough and withdrew. However, we are very satisfy about the number and quality of the contributions which also passed a very strong review process.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. What Do We Know About the Geomorphology and Physical Oceanography of South American Estuaries?
Abstract
As long as freshwater is discharged into the sea, there is the potential for the development of an estuary. Although this concept appears to be simple, the marked differences in geomorphologic, oceanographic, atmospheric and biogeochemical conditions that occur along the coasts of the world result in a wide variety of estuarine types. The variety is so large that several ways have been used as mean to define and classify them (Perillo 1995a).
Gerardo M. E. Perillo, M. Cintia Piccolo, Mario Pino-Quivira
Chapter 2. The Maracaibo System: A Physical Profile
Abstract
Intermontane basins are areas of potential oil accumulation (Hyne and Dickey 1977). The Maracaibo Basin, located on the northern front of South America, is no exception: It is the most important oil accumulation in South America and one of the largest in the world. From 1914 to 1995 the total amount of oil extracted from the basin was 33 000 millions barrels (5 238 x 106 m3). Most of this production comes from the bottom of Lake Maracaibo itself, the largest lake in South America and the 17th in the world.
Gilberto Rodríguez
Chapter 3. Coastal Lagoons of Southeastern Brazil: Physical and Biogeochemical Characteristics
Abstract
Coastal lagoons are one of six categories of inland coastal ocean-connected systems (Kjerfve 1994). Coastal lagoons are shallow water bodies, with depths usually less than 5 m, oriented parallel to the shoreline, separated from the ocean by a barrier, and connected to the ocean by one or more inlets (Phleger 1969). According to their geomorphology and water exchange with the coastal ocean, they are conveniently subdivided into choked, restricted, and leaky lagoon systems (Kjerfve 1986) (Fig. 3.1). Choked lagoons have the longest and leaky lagoons the shortest water residence times (Kjerfve and Magill 1989). Tidal mixing maybe negligible or intense, and salinity may vary from that of a fresh water coastal lake to a hypersaline lagoon.
Bastiaan Knoppers, Björn Kjerfve
Chapter 4. Nutrients and Suspended Matter Behaviour in the Patos Lagoon Estuary (Brazil)
Abstract
Estuaries are distinctive environments where continental runoff interacts with sea water. They are characterized by complex and usually strong circulation and this, along with the typically shallow depths of estuarine systems, leads to intense sediment-water interactions. Estuaries are generally also biologically productive.
Luis Felipe Niencheski, Maria da Graça Baumgarten, Gilberto Fillmann, Herbert L. Windom
Chapter 5. Hydrographical Characteristics of the Estuarine Area of Patos Lagoon (30°S, Brazil)
Abstract
The Patos Lagoon (Fig. 5.1a) situated in Southern Brazil, between 30 and 32°S is a very important water resource system for the Rio Grande do Sul State. It serves as nursery ground for important commercial fish and shrimp species sustaining a fishery production of 182 kg ha-1 yr-1 in average (Castello 1985). Major man activities are navigation and recreation. It also receives untreated domestic, agricultural and industrial sewage disposals produced by population living along the margins of the lagoon. The construction of two 4 km long jetties fixed the entrance and allowed navigation along the entrance channel. About 14 million m3 of sediments where trans-ported to the coastal zone in the first two years after the construction of these structures (Motta 1969). In recent years the channel has been constantly dredged to keep depth around 14 m.
Osmar O. Möller Jr., Patrice Castaing
Chapter 6. The Argentina Estuaries: A Review
Abstract
Despite of its long and extended coastline (5 700 km), the number of Argentine estuaries is relative small compared with other countries of comparable size. Mainly, the difference strives in the climate and the hydrological regime that characterize the country. Whereas the climate in the NE of Argentina is hot and humid with mean annual precipitation of 1950 mm and maximum of 2 437 mm; the NW is relatively dry and hot. In the center of the country the climate is mild with average precipitation on the order of 1000 mm, and in the South is dry and cold with annual precipitation of 300 mm or less.
M. Cintia Piccolo, Gerardo M. E. Perillo
Chapter 7. Hydrography and Sediment Transport Characteristics of the Río de la Plata: A Review
Abstract
The Río de la Plata is located on the East coast of South America, draining the second largest river basin of the continent and the single largest in terms of population and economic importance. In a recent paper on definitions and geomorphologic classifications of estuaries, Perillo (1995) classified Río de la Plata as:
1.
a primary estuary, and
 
2.
a river influenced tidal river.
 
Jorge López Laborde, Gustavo J. Nagy
Chapter 8. Physical Characteristics and Processes of the Río de la Plata Estuary
Abstract
The Río de la Plata Estuary, located at 35°00’S on the Atlantic coast, drains the second largest basin in South America. The drainage area covers over 3.1 x 106 km2 and includes parts of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. It is the most developed basin in South America: the population of the hinterland is estimated to be 30 million inhabitants. Two of the major ports in the region, the cities of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Montevideo, Uruguay, lie along its shores. The Río de la Plata also provides access to ports upstream along the Paraná, Paraguay, and Uruguay Rivers. Biologically, the estuary is also very important (Cousseau 1985; Boschi 1988). The outer region, where the fresh waters rich in nutrients interact with the coastal waters, is the spawning and nursery area of many coastal species. Because of its regional importance, the Río de la Plata Estuary has been the subject of many research programs which try to understand different aspects of the environment and ecosystem.
Mariana B. Framiñan, María P. Etala, Eduardo M. Acha, Raúl A. Guerrero, Carlos A. Lasta, Otis B. Brown
Chapter 9. Geomorphological and Physical Characteristics of the Bahía Blanca Estuary, Argentina
Abstract
Located at the southwest of the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, the Bahía Blanca Estuary (Fig. 9.1) is considered the second largest estuary in the country after the Río de la Plata. However, its geomorphologic and physical characteristics vary significantly from all other estuaries in Argentina and South America. Actually The Wash, located in the United Kingdom, is probably the only estuary in the world that have general characteristics quite similar to Bahía Blanca.
Gerardo M. E. Perillo, M. Cintia Piccolo
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Estuaries of South America
herausgegeben von
Gerardo M. E. Perillo
María Cintia Piccolo
Mario Pino-Quivira
Copyright-Jahr
1999
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN
978-3-642-60131-6
Print ISBN
978-3-642-64269-2
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60131-6