33. Evacuation Simulation Considering Tourists’ Attempts to Return Home: A Case of the Kiyomizu-dera Temple Area, Japan

Evacuation of large disparate groups of people during the immediate post-disaster event is one of the most critical issues. Particularly crucial is the safe evacuation of non-residents of the area such as domestic and foreign tourists. Well-managed and considered evacuation immediately after post-disaster enables for the efficient deployment of human resources for rescuing cultural property and initial firefighting efforts, leading to greater resilience. However, evacuation research does not consider the varying needs of domestic or international tourists including their attempts to return home. This chapter explores an evacuation simulation to examine the attempts of tourists to return home using a method combining sampling survey, scene imagination method and agent simulation. Initially, a survey was conducted with 274 domestic tourists and 107 foreign tourists in Japan. They provided their behavioural intention under various disaster scene scenarios such as guidance, road width, other tourist behaviour and route walking experiences. Based on the survey results using decision tree analysis, tourists’ evacuation behaviour model was built considering Japanese and foreign tourists. Next, the evacuation agent simulation and proposed the evacuation method applied in the case of the Kiyomizu-dera Temple area, a popular tourist destination in Kyoto, Japan. As a result, the study found many tourists would flow out of the Kiyomizu-dera Temple area after disasters because of the location of evacuation sites and placement of guides. As mentioned above, this study proposed an evacuation simulation from the viewpoint of tourist’s attempts at returning home.