According to the evaluation indicator system and the mathematic model of EHC, the evaluation and analysis are made on EHC in 2012. Table 12.1 lists the rankings and scores of EHC in 2012 and Fig. 12.1 displays the EHC scores of the six continents as well as the top three countries of each continent in 2012.
12.1 Evaluation Results of EHC
According to the evaluation indicator system and the mathematic model of EHC, the evaluation and analysis are made on EHC in 2012. Table 12.1 lists the rankings and scores of EHC in 2012 and Fig. 12.1 displays the EHC scores of the six continents as well as the top three countries of each continent in 2012.
Table 12.1
Scores and rankings of EHC as well as the tertiary and individual indicators in 2012
Indicators Countries
EHC
Population and Environ-ment
Economy and Environment
Percentage of population with access to Improved sanitation facilities
Motor vehicles per 1,000 people
Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita
SO2 emissions per capita
CO2 emissions per capita
Energy consumption per capita
Land resource utilization efficiency
Sulfur dioxide emissions per unit of GDP
Carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP
Energy consumption per unit of GDP
Singapore
80.3
65.9
100.0
81.0
0.1
81.5
66.5
50.1
94.7
100.0
96.7
90.8
91.5
1
91
1
74
123
111
121
117
1
1
44
48
36
Costa Rica
77.0
82.1
95.0
79.8
26.8
98.3
96.3
92.7
71.9
0.2
98.4
95.4
93.5
2
8
46
77
15
31
43
51
18
42
22
10
25
Gabon
76.9
83.4
33.0
98.5
100.0
95.7
95.3
89.9
70.4
0.0
96.3
94.6
90.8
3
4
108
16
2
66
51
64
26
107
53
19
40
Uruguay
76.7
80.8
100.0
75.6
21.2
97.4
94.9
91.3
72.5
0.1
98.4
96.1
95.3
4
13
1
83
22
48
53
60
16
79
24
9
16
Myanmar
76.0
84.6
81.0
99.4
25.1
99.7
99.7
98.8
67.4
0.0
97.4
95.1
77.2
5
2
77
7
18
7
11
5
49
97
31
14
85
Albania
75.6
81.9
98.0
85.4
10.1
98.6
96.9
96.0
69.2
0.1
97.2
89.9
89.7
6
9
33
63
39
29
39
30
33
56
34
54
45
Ecuador
75.3
84.8
92.0
92.5
33.3
97.2
94.2
94.5
65.8
0.1
94.8
81.4
87.0
7
1
56
42
12
50
56
44
60
82
65
88
56
Brazil
74.4
76.9
80.0
68.3
33.3
96.7
94.7
90.4
71.8
0.1
97.8
95.4
93.9
8
32
78
87
13
58
54
62
20
73
30
11
23
El Salvador
74.3
79.6
87.0
89.9
3.4
98.1
97.5
95.8
69.0
0.3
95.9
91.7
88.1
9
16
67
50
68
38
36
32
38
36
56
45
50
Sri Lanka
74.3
81.4
91.0
94.4
3.1
96.5
98.4
97.3
67.2
0.3
88.8
91.8
87.8
10
10
58
38
71
61
27
20
51
38
93
42
51
Georgia
74.2
82.3
95.0
85.9
15.7
98.9
97.1
95.6
66.2
0.1
96.8
85.6
82.3
11
7
47
60
27
22
38
34
57
87
43
74
74
Peru
74.2
83.2
68.0
91.9
66.5
82.9
96.2
95.8
65.2
0.0
75.5
91.7
93.7
12
5
90
44
5
108
46
31
67
93
119
44
24
Panama
74.1
78.6
69.0
82.8
39.1
96.0
93.6
92.6
69.7
0.1
96.1
90.1
92.5
13
24
88
67
8
64
60
53
31
62
54
53
28
Congo, Rep.
74.0
78.9
30.0
97.0
64.9
94.2
99.0
98.2
69.0
0.0
85.1
97.1
94.0
14
22
114
26
6
78
23
11
36
115
104
6
22
Norway
73.9
73.5
100.0
28.9
93.3
97.8
78.4
48.7
74.2
0.5
99.9
98.9
97.6
15
46
1
122
3
45
105
118
5
30
3
3
4
Chile
73.6
81.1
96.0
78.8
61.9
69.9
89.0
86.8
66.0
0.1
81.9
89.7
92.3
16
11
42
80
7
122
77
72
59
68
108
57
29
Angola
73.4
75.8
57.0
95.3
9.1
99.6
97.7
95.5
71.0
0.0
99.4
94.4
90.2
17
37
92
36
42
10
34
38
23
98
16
22
41
Paraguay
73.3
78.3
70.0
89.0
17.3
99.2
98.1
95.3
68.3
0.0
97.9
92.4
82.8
18
25
87
52
25
21
30
41
42
110
28
37
71
Guatemala
73.1
78.3
81.0
85.4
8.2
98.1
98.2
95.5
67.9
0.1
95.1
92.4
83.8
19
26
76
61
43
37
28
36
46
59
63
35
67
Philippines
72.8
79.3
76.0
96.2
6.1
97.2
97.9
97.7
66.3
0.2
90.1
87.3
87.5
20
19
82
30
51
52
33
16
56
46
87
71
54
Colombia
72.5
73.4
51.0
85.4
21.2
97.9
94.2
93.9
71.7
0.1
98.4
94.2
94.0
21
48
98
61
22
42
56
48
21
71
23
25
21
Cuba
72.5
79.5
91.0
95.6
4.1
90.9
92.9
93.4
65.5
0.2
87.9
83.9
90.1
22
18
58
34
61
92
61
50
64
49
95
79
42
Dominican Republic
72.2
76.5
83.0
84.4
2.5
94.7
95.0
94.5
67.9
0.3
92.3
88.2
90.8
23
33
73
65
79
75
52
45
45
34
75
64
39
Turkey
72.1
75.7
90.0
82.7
3.7
90.8
90.2
89.7
68.4
0.3
93.1
88.0
92.3
24
38
62
68
64
93
73
65
41
37
71
65
31
Armenia
71.6
78.9
90.0
87.3
2.7
95.6
96.6
94.9
64.3
0.1
89.1
85.3
82.8
25
21
62
55
76
67
41
43
72
63
90
76
70
Venezuela, RB
71.6
77.8
91.0
82.1
29.9
94.8
82.9
80.0
65.4
0.1
96.4
79.7
85.3
26
29
58
70
14
73
93
86
66
64
49
92
64
Cameroon
71.4
76.1
47.0
98.5
16.5
99.3
99.4
98.3
66.8
0.0
95.1
93.7
78.3
27
35
102
16
26
20
14
10
53
113
64
29
84
Algeria
71.4
77.8
95.0
81.2
0.4
98.8
92.6
92.1
65.0
0.0
98.1
78.2
83.8
28
27
47
71
118
26
64
56
69
100
26
97
68
Tajikistan
71.4
83.9
94.0
95.6
11.0
98.0
99.0
98.5
58.9
0.0
81.3
83.2
70.9
29
3
52
34
33
40
22
7
94
114
110
82
100
Switzerland
71.0
65.8
100.0
30.9
6.2
98.8
84.8
74.7
76.1
4.8
100.0
99.5
100.0
30
92
1
119
50
27
88
98
2
5
2
2
1
Croatia
70.9
72.1
99.0
52.8
10.4
93.5
88.4
85.9
69.7
0.3
96.4
89.8
92.3
31
57
31
101
37
82
79
75
29
35
51
55
30
Honduras
70.7
77.8
71.0
88.3
15.0
97.6
97.5
96.4
63.6
0.0
91.1
83.5
79.9
32
28
86
53
29
46
37
28
77
92
84
81
81
Morocco
70.2
75.6
69.0
91.6
1.1
95.4
96.2
97.0
64.8
0.1
87.6
82.3
89.2
33
40
88
46
104
69
45
24
71
85
97
85
47
Egypt, Arab Rep.
70.1
80.6
94.0
94.9
0.0
97.1
94.2
94.0
59.7
0.1
91.9
70.0
76.9
34
15
52
37
131
54
58
47
91
84
80
109
86
Argentina
70.1
72.6
90.0
61.5
8.2
98.6
88.7
86.5
67.6
0.0
98.9
84.1
87.6
35
54
62
94
44
30
78
74
48
91
20
77
53
Sweden
70.1
66.8
100.0
35.8
21.9
98.2
86.3
57.9
73.4
0.4
99.8
98.6
94.9
36
88
1
109
21
36
84
113
8
33
8
4
20
Nicaragua
70.0
78.8
52.0
93.1
39.1
98.0
98.0
96.8
61.2
0.0
89.7
81.4
73.9
37
23
95
40
9
39
31
26
85
101
88
90
92
Hungary
70.0
72.0
100.0
63.1
0.7
93.9
86.8
80.8
68.0
0.5
96.4
87.4
87.8
38
58
1
92
111
79
83
84
44
31
49
70
52
Sudan
70.0
70.9
34.0
96.9
1.1
99.5
99.3
98.2
69.0
0.0
98.2
94.2
83.8
39
63
107
28
107
13
18
12
37
119
25
24
69
Tunisia
70.0
76.3
85.0
86.2
0.5
91.8
94.5
93.9
63.6
0.1
85.2
82.7
86.3
40
34
71
58
116
87
55
48
78
72
103
83
60
Bangladesh
69.8
75.4
53.0
99.9
0.8
99.6
99.1
99.5
64.1
0.2
95.8
81.4
79.0
41
41
94
2
109
9
20
2
74
41
57
89
82
Senegal
69.8
74.6
51.0
97.5
2.4
98.8
98.9
99.0
64.9
0.0
91.5
85.5
82.7
42
45
98
24
80
25
24
4
70
103
83
75
72
Mexico
69.4
71.4
85.0
66.2
4.3
91.5
89.7
88.7
67.4
0.2
93.0
86.5
90.0
43
61
71
89
59
88
74
68
50
52
72
73
43
Portugal
69.4
66.9
100.0
34.0
4.4
91.4
87.8
83.6
71.9
0.8
97.0
94.2
95.5
44
87
1
113
58
89
82
79
19
24
37
26
14
Jordan
69.2
77.4
98.0
81.2
0.1
93.2
91.8
91.7
61.1
0.1
88.2
74.3
81.9
45
30
33
71
125
84
67
59
86
69
94
103
76
Denmark
69.2
64.1
100.0
32.5
1.3
98.3
77.1
73.7
74.4
2.3
99.9
96.6
98.9
46
104
1
115
101
33
108
99
4
13
4
8
2
Ireland
69.2
65.2
99.0
33.3
13.0
92.8
76.7
75.7
73.3
0.9
98.9
95.1
98.2
47
96
31
114
30
85
109
95
12
20
19
13
3
United Kingdom
69.1
64.9
100.0
35.4
2.8
95.2
79.0
75.4
73.2
3.0
99.1
94.1
96.6
48
97
1
111
75
70
103
96
13
11
18
27
7
Austria
68.8
64.2
100.0
31.0
7.9
98.6
77.7
69.3
73.3
1.5
99.9
95.3
96.6
49
103
1
118
45
28
107
104
11
16
5
12
8
Slovak Republic
68.7
69.6
100.0
57.3
2.8
93.3
82.6
75.2
67.8
0.6
96.9
86.5
87.4
50
72
1
97
74
83
94
97
47
27
42
72
55
France
68.7
64.0
100.0
29.3
3.7
96.4
85.1
69.3
73.4
1.5
99.4
97.0
95.5
51
106
1
121
65
63
87
103
10
17
14
7
13
Jamaica
68.6
75.3
83.0
85.4
4.2
88.9
92.1
92.2
61.9
0.4
83.0
78.8
85.5
52
42
73
63
60
99
66
55
83
32
107
96
63
Thailand
68.5
77.0
96.0
79.9
3.9
96.6
90.4
87.7
60.0
0.2
94.4
71.3
74.2
53
31
42
76
63
60
71
70
90
48
68
108
91
Latvia
68.3
67.1
78.0
43.6
9.8
99.3
90.3
85.5
69.5
0.1
99.6
89.1
89.0
54
86
80
104
41
19
72
76
32
58
10
60
48
Japan
68.2
62.6
100.0
27.5
4.1
97.2
75.8
70.3
73.8
4.7
99.6
94.3
96.5
55
111
1
123
62
51
111
101
7
6
11
23
9
New Zealand
68.1
64.9
N/A
11.6
89.8
91.4
81.0
68.2
71.4
0.2
98.1
93.9
93.5
56
99
N/A
130
4
90
100
106
22
51
27
28
26
Macedonia, FYR
68.1
75.9
88.0
81.1
3.2
97.9
89.3
90.0
60.4
0.1
96.5
66.5
78.4
57
36
66
73
70
42
75
63
88
60
47
110
83
Indonesia
68.1
73.0
52.0
90.5
10.1
97.2
95.5
94.3
63.1
0.1
92.7
79.3
80.2
58
49
95
48
40
53
49
46
80
57
73
95
78
Greece
68.0
65.6
98.0
44.6
6.2
79.3
79.9
81.8
70.5
0.7
94.0
91.1
96.2
59
94
33
103
49
114
101
82
25
26
69
46
11
Tanzania
68.0
80.9
N/A
99.4
2.2
99.7
99.7
97.6
55.1
0.0
94.8
92.2
33.4
60
12
N/A
7
84
8
9
19
104
120
66
39
120
Israel
67.9
65.4
100.0
58.0
0.1
72.2
75.9
77.4
70.3
3.3
92.7
90.1
95.3
61
95
1
96
127
121
110
93
28
9
74
52
15
Netherlands
67.7
61.7
100.0
35.7
0.8
98.3
69.6
61.5
73.8
7.2
99.8
93.0
95.2
62
114
1
110
110
32
118
111
6
2
7
34
18
Spain
67.7
63.2
100.0
25.2
2.9
87.7
84.3
79.2
72.3
0.9
97.0
94.9
96.4
63
109
1
125
72
102
91
88
17
21
41
16
10
Malaysia
67.6
73.0
96.0
57.0
24.3
95.0
82.4
80.9
62.2
0.3
95.7
72.5
80.2
64
50
42
98
19
72
95
83
82
39
59
106
79
Lebanon
67.6
69.1
98.0
46.7
1.4
89.2
88.2
89.1
66.0
1.1
90.7
82.5
89.9
65
74
33
102
99
98
81
66
58
19
85
84
44
Botswana
67.5
69.5
60.0
86.3
1.4
80.8
93.9
92.2
65.6
0.0
80.3
90.3
91.6
66
73
91
57
94
113
59
54
63
117
113
50
33
Syrian Arab Republic
67.4
79.6
96.0
92.5
0.4
93.6
92.4
92.7
55.3
0.1
83.3
63.3
74.3
67
17
42
43
117
80
65
52
103
66
106
114
90
Cambodia
67.4
71.5
29.0
97.7
10.2
99.6
99.4
98.3
63.3
0.0
96.0
89.2
67.9
68
60
115
22
38
11
15
9
79
104
55
59
103
Canada
67.4
65.8
100.0
23.7
100.0
73.5
57.4
42.8
68.9
0.1
95.7
89.0
91.0
69
93
1
126
1
120
125
122
39
88
58
63
38
Nigeria
67.1
70.1
32.0
96.4
1.6
99.5
99.3
95.5
64.0
0.1
97.4
94.6
64.1
70
68
110
29
88
15
17
37
75
78
33
18
109
Azerbaijan
67.0
68.6
45.0
89.3
1.1
93.6
92.7
90.8
65.4
0.2
91.7
83.9
85.8
71
77
103
51
106
81
63
61
65
45
81
78
62
Slovenia
67.0
64.3
100.0
30.4
11.0
90.7
79.8
73.3
69.7
0.7
97.0
89.5
91.5
72
102
1
120
34
94
102
100
30
25
39
58
35
Haiti
67.0
68.2
17.0
98.8
1.6
99.7
99.5
99.3
65.7
0.1
97.0
89.8
76.1
73
80
121
12
91
6
13
3
61
80
40
56
87
Germany
66.9
60.8
100.0
22.0
1.6
97.1
74.8
69.5
72.9
3.0
99.5
93.3
95.8
74
116
1
127
89
56
113
102
14
10
12
32
12
Ghana
66.8
66.6
13.0
96.2
1.5
99.5
99.1
98.1
67.1
0.0
97.2
90.8
80.5
75
90
124
30
93
14
21
13
52
90
35
47
77
Belgium
66.6
60.4
100.0
31.4
1.3
95.9
73.6
57.0
72.8
5.0
99.4
93.5
93.4
76
119
1
117
100
65
114
114
15
4
15
30
27
Bolivia
66.6
72.4
25.0
91.9
36.4
98.8
96.3
95.3
60.8
0.0
95.6
73.9
73.9
77
56
118
44
11
24
44
40
87
124
60
104
93
Lithuania
66.5
64.8
86.0
31.7
6.2
94.8
89.2
84.5
68.3
0.2
96.5
87.9
88.5
78
100
70
116
48
74
76
77
43
47
46
67
49
Romania
66.5
68.9
72.0
71.9
2.4
86.2
90.6
88.2
64.1
0.2
86.1
83.9
86.4
79
75
85
85
81
106
69
69
73
44
101
80
59
Libya
66.4
69.8
97.0
64.4
0.1
94.4
78.1
77.3
63.1
0.0
96.3
73.7
82.3
80
70
39
91
126
77
106
94
81
126
52
105
73
Eritrea
66.4
67.6
14.0
98.9
0.6
99.6
99.9
100.0
65.2
0.0
91.9
93.3
75.6
81
82
123
11
113
12
5
1
68
122
78
33
89
Yemen, Rep.
65.9
73.4
52.0
95.9
0.1
95.6
97.7
98.8
58.5
0.0
74.1
74.6
85.3
82
47
95
32
129
68
35
6
95
109
120
101
64
Korea, Rep.
65.8
64.9
100.0
53.5
1.6
96.6
68.9
61.1
66.6
3.4
98.8
80.3
84.0
83
98
1
100
90
59
119
112
55
8
21
91
66
Nepal
65.7
71.9
31.0
99.1
7.9
99.4
99.8
98.4
59.5
0.0
91.9
93.5
52.5
84
59
111
10
46
17
7
8
93
94
79
31
118
Finland
65.6
60.6
100.0
27.3
24.0
94.5
68.3
47.5
70.7
0.3
99.1
91.9
91.4
85
118
1
124
20
76
120
119
24
40
17
41
37
Cyprus
65.6
60.8
100.0
18.9
0.8
86.6
75.7
83.6
70.4
0.8
95.2
90.1
95.3
86
117
1
128
108
104
112
80
27
23
62
51
17
Moldova
65.4
75.7
79.0
82.2
0.3
98.3
95.5
95.3
55.0
0.1
92.0
60.3
67.8
87
39
79
69
120
34
50
39
105
86
77
117
104
Kenya
64.9
70.2
31.0
97.4
0.6
99.4
99.4
97.3
59.7
0.0
94.6
89.1
55.0
88
67
111
25
114
16
16
21
92
112
67
62
116
Vietnam
64.7
79.0
75.0
98.6
5.0
98.2
96.0
95.7
50.4
0.1
89.0
53.3
59.1
89
20
83
14
53
35
48
33
111
61
91
125
114
Pakistan
64.1
72.8
45.0
98.6
0.4
98.0
98.0
97.3
55.5
0.1
84.6
71.9
65.3
90
53
103
14
119
41
32
23
100
75
105
107
107
Czech Republic
64.0
62.3
98.0
40.4
1.5
91.0
70.6
68.0
65.7
0.8
96.4
79.5
86.0
91
113
33
106
92
91
116
107
62
22
48
94
61
Kyrgyz Republic
63.8
82.5
93.0
93.0
10.7
97.8
96.6
96.9
45.1
0.0
81.3
44.0
54.9
92
6
54
41
36
44
40
25
118
116
111
127
117
Poland
63.1
62.5
90.0
37.5
1.7
86.3
78.4
80.1
63.8
0.5
91.6
76.5
86.5
93
112
62
108
87
105
104
85
76
28
82
98
58
Italy
63.1
52.9
N/A
15.1
3.6
97.1
82.2
78.9
73.4
2.2
99.4
94.8
97.1
94
125
N/A
129
66
55
96
89
9
14
13
17
6
India
62.5
69.6
31.0
98.0
1.4
97.6
96.3
96.7
55.3
0.2
86.6
63.8
70.8
95
71
111
19
95
47
42
27
101
50
100
113
101
Benin
62.2
66.6
12.0
97.7
1.4
99.7
98.7
97.9
57.9
0.0
97.4
75.0
59.1
96
89
125
22
98
5
25
15
96
108
32
99
115
Iraq
61.8
75.0
73.0
94.1
1.3
92.6
91.3
91.8
48.7
0.1
77.7
50.8
66.4
97
43
84
39
102
86
68
57
113
81
117
126
105
Belarus
61.8
70.6
93.0
65.4
4.8
95.1
81.4
78.0
53.1
0.1
93.7
55.0
63.5
98
65
54
90
54
71
98
92
108
76
70
119
111
Luxembourg
61.4
48.2
100.0
7.8
2.3
96.7
43.2
35.2
74.6
6.7
99.9
94.5
97.3
99
129
1
132
82
57
130
124
3
3
6
21
5
United Arab Emirates
61.4
56.1
97.0
61.6
0.0
82.0
44.5
35.8
66.7
1.3
96.6
81.8
87.0
100
123
39
93
132
110
129
123
54
18
45
87
57
Togo
61.3
67.3
12.0
100.0
2.3
99.8
99.6
97.6
55.3
0.0
97.1
87.9
36.1
101
85
125
1
83
4
12
18
102
106
36
66
119
Iran, Islamic Rep.
61.0
70.2
83.0
78.6
2.1
90.3
81.4
78.9
51.8
0.1
87.3
54.9
64.8
102
66
73
81
85
95
97
90
109
70
98
120
108
Russian Federation
60.8
68.4
87.0
66.8
36.5
82.4
69.8
62.2
53.3
0.0
87.3
59.8
65.9
103
79
67
88
10
109
117
110
107
95
99
118
106
South Africa
60.5
67.4
77.0
80.2
1.1
77.8
81.3
79.5
53.7
0.1
76.8
64.2
73.6
104
83
81
75
105
116
99
87
106
67
118
112
96
Bosnia and Herze-govina
60.4
74.7
95.0
83.6
11.4
75.1
85.7
87.7
46.2
0.1
57.2
54.5
72.9
105
44
47
66
32
118
85
71
117
65
124
121
97
China
60.1
68.6
55.0
90.0
2.5
89.4
85.5
86.8
51.6
0.2
81.8
53.4
71.1
106
76
93
49
78
96
86
73
110
43
109
124
99
Oman
59.7
59.1
87.0
73.7
0.6
74.0
60.8
44.3
60.3
0.1
90.6
74.6
76.0
107
120
67
84
115
119
124
121
89
83
86
100
88
Australia
59.4
49.7
100.0
10.1
26.7
47.1
54.0
56.5
69.1
0.1
92.3
89.1
95.0
108
126
1
131
17
126
127
115
35
89
76
61
19
Namibia
59.3
62.7
33.0
87.5
3.2
62.0
96.2
95.6
55.9
0.0
40.7
90.6
92.2
109
110
108
54
69
123
47
35
98
129
125
49
32
United States
58.8
48.5
100.0
0.0
10.9
81.2
53.1
44.5
69.2
0.5
97.0
87.7
91.5
110
128
1
133
35
112
128
120
34
29
38
68
34
Mozambique
58.5
68.4
17.0
98.8
5.1
99.4
99.8
97.7
48.6
0.0
87.8
91.8
14.8
111
78
121
12
52
18
6
17
114
128
96
43
123
Guinea
57.9
67.9
19.0
99.6
26.8
100.0
99.8
N/A
48.0
0.0
99.7
92.2
N/A
112
81
120
5
16
2
8
N/A
116
125
9
38
N/A
Ethiopia
57.8
67.3
12.0
99.9
1.7
99.8
99.9
98.0
48.4
0.0
95.6
94.6
3.4
113
84
125
2
86
3
2
14
115
118
61
20
125
Zambia
57.2
72.5
49.0
97.8
7.2
84.5
99.7
96.2
41.8
0.0
5.9
97.9
63.5
114
55
101
20
47
107
10
29
120
121
129
5
110
Estonia
56.8
57.9
95.0
41.7
11.5
61.5
62.7
68.3
55.7
0.2
79.2
63.2
80.1
115
122
47
105
31
124
122
105
99
54
115
115
80
Mali
55.4
60.8
36.0
98.5
4.6
N/A
100.0
N/A
50.0
0.0
N/A
100.0
N/A
116
115
106
16
57
N/A
1
N/A
112
130
N/A
1
N/A
Mongolia
53.9
70.8
50.0
91.4
15.0
88.4
88.4
91.7
36.9
0.0
60.9
25.5
61.4
117
64
100
47
28
100
80
58
122
131
123
129
113
Bulgaria
53.8
63.5
100.0
54.0
3.5
47.6
84.3
82.4
44.2
0.1
37.1
65.7
73.8
118
108
1
99
67
125
89
81
119
55
127
111
94
Qatar
53.6
38.7
100.0
34.6
0.0
78.7
0.0
0.0
68.5
4.4
97.9
82.2
89.6
119
132
1
112
130
115
132
126
40
7
29
86
46
Saudi Arabia
52.8
49.2
N/A
58.8
0.1
75.7
56.0
52.4
56.3
0.1
88.8
62.8
73.6
120
127
N/A
95
128
117
126
116
97
77
92
116
95
Uzbekistan
52.2
80.6
100.0
95.7
0.7
96.5
90.5
89.0
23.7
0.0
80.4
0.0
14.4
121
14
1
33
112
62
70
67
130
96
112
132
124
Ukraine
51.4
72.8
95.0
79.6
1.4
87.9
84.3
78.6
30.0
0.1
69.1
23.9
27.0
122
52
47
79
96
101
90
91
125
74
121
130
121
Serbia
50.0
64.0
92.0
69.1
1.4
43.5
83.0
84.2
36.0
0.2
18.3
54.4
71.2
123
105
57
86
97
127
92
78
123
53
128
122
98
Zimbabwe
49.8
69.8
44.0
86.2
1.2
97.3
98.2
95.1
29.8
0.0
65.6
53.5
0.0
124
69
105
58
103
49
29
42
126
123
122
123
126
Turkmenistan
49.6
71.1
98.0
87.2
0.3
87.6
71.8
67.7
28.0
0.0
78.5
6.8
26.5
125
62
33
56
121
103
115
108
127
111
116
131
122
Mauritius
48.4
72.8
91.0
79.8
2.6
89.4
92.8
N/A
24.0
1.6
89.4
87.4
N/A
126
51
58
78
77
97
62
N/A
129
15
89
69
N/A
Cote d'Ivoire
47.9
54.3
23.0
97.8
4.6
0.0
99.2
97.3
41.4
0.0
3.2
92.0
70.3
127
124
119
20
56
131
19
22
121
102
130
40
102
Kazakhstan
46.9
58.4
97.0
75.7
4.7
27.8
61.5
64.8
35.5
0.0
39.4
39.5
63.1
128
121
39
82
55
128
123
109
124
105
126
128
112
Kuwait
46.9
32.5
100.0
39.1
0.0
12.8
13.5
4.7
61.2
2.9
85.5
74.4
82.2
129
133
1
107
133
130
131
125
84
12
102
102
75
Mauritania
45.4
64.6
26.0
99.6
0.1
100.0
98.5
N/A
26.1
0.0
100.0
79.7
N/A
130
101
117
5
124
1
26
N/A
128
133
1
92
N/A
Madagascar
43.2
63.9
11.0
97.0
19.1
98.9
99.9
N/A
22.5
0.0
79.5
94.9
N/A
131
107
128
26
24
23
3
N/A
131
127
114
15
N/A
Niger
29.2
46.3
9.0
99.3
0.3
17.8
99.9
N/A
12.1
0.0
0.0
92.4
N/A
132
131
129
9
122
129
4
N/A
132
132
131
36
N/A
Lesotho
23.8
47.6
29.0
99.8
2.9
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.0
0.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
133
130
115
4
73
N/A
N/A
N/A
133
99
N/A
N/A
N/A
Highest score
80.3
84.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
94.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Lowest score
23.8
32.5
9.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Average score
65.1
69.5
74.5
72.4
11.3
89.5
86.6
82.9
60.7
1.3
88.1
81.3
79.3
Standard deviation
8.9
9.4
29.1
27.3
19.5
17.0
16.0
18.5
14.0
8.7
18.4
17.7
19.3
Fig. 12.1
EHC scores of six continents & top three countries of each continent in 2012
×
According to Table 12.1, the countries with EHC ranking 1st–10th include Singapore, Costa Rica, Gabon, Uruguay, Myanmar, Albania, Ecuador, Brazil, El Salvador and Sri Lanka; the 11th–20th rankings are Georgia, Peru, Panama, Congo, Rep., Norway, Chile, Angola, Paraguay, Guatemala and Philippines; the 21st–30th rankings are Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Turkey, Armenia, Venezuela, RB, Cameroon, Algeria, Tajikistan and Switzerland; and the bottom ten countries are Zimbabwe, Turkmenistan, Mauritius, Cote d’Ivoire, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Mauritania, Madagascar, Niger and Lesotho.
Anzeige
In 2012, the highest score of EHC is 80.3 points, the lowest score is 23.8, the average score is 65.1 and the standard deviation is 8.9. The highest score and the lowest score differ greatly with the margin of 56.5 points. 87 countries score higher than the average point. It indicates that the overall level of EHC is rather high and the differences are very little among the countries.
The scores of EHC show olive-shaped distribution. Only one country scores above 80 points; 39 countries score 70–80; 66 countries score 60–70; 17 countries 50–60; 8 countries score 40–50; 2 countries score below 40 points, of 29.2 and 23.8.
The countries with higher EHC are mainly developing countries. Among the 10 countries ranking ahead, 9 are developing countries; among the 30 countries ranking ahead, 27 are developing countries. Overall, the developed countries rank at the middle level on EHC, with 17 countries ranking No. 41–80, accounting for half of the total developed countries. And most developing countries still have relatively low EHC, ranking behind.
To compare and analyze the EHC levels of all the countries in a more visual way, the EHC scores are displayed in Fig. 12.2. According to Fig. 12.2, the EHC scores of the countries are concentrated, mostly in 5060–70 80 points (up to 116 105 countries, accounting for 87.2278.95 % of the total), showing little differences among the countries except for individual countries. Among the developed countries, Norway Singapore scores the highest, 74.180.3 points; among the developing countries, Costa Rica scores the highest, 77.0 68.5 points. They have little difference.
Fig. 12.2
Rankings and scores of EHC in 2012
×
Anzeige
12.2 Factor Scores and Contribution Rates of EHC
Table 12.1 lists the evaluation results of the subordinate indicators of EHC and displays the scores and rankings of two pillars and ten individual indicators of EHC in 2012 so as to analyze the influences of the tertiary and individual indicators on EHC of the countries.
On pillars, the indicator of economy and environment enjoys the highest standard deviation, hitting 14.0, and the indicator of population and environment has the standard deviation of 9.4, indicating that the indicator of economy and environment has larger differences among the countries and is the most primary factor causing EHC differences among the countries. The indicator of population and environment has little influence on EHC differences among the countries. Overall, the differences of EHC among the countries are mainly caused by the differences of economy and environment.
On individual indicators, percentage of population with access to Improved sanitation facilities enjoys the highest standard deviation, hitting 29.1, indicating that this indicator has the largest differences among the countries and is the most primary factor causing EHC differences among the countries. Motor vehicles per 1,000 people, renewable internal freshwater resources per capita, energy consumption per capita, sulfur dioxide emissions per unit of GDP and energy consumption per unit of GDP also have high standard deviation, all higher than 18.0, which all contribute a lot to EHC differences among the countries. The other indicators have lower standard deviation, indicating they have less influence on EHC differences among the countries.
To analyze the contribution of the pillars to EHC, we could firstly multiply the scores of the pillars by respective weights, then convert them into the scores at sub-index and finally divide them by the total score of sub-index to get the contribution rates of the pillars. Thus, we could find the contribution of each pillar to the sub-index more visually, as shown in Fig. 12.3.
Fig. 12.3
Contribution rates of pillars of EHC in 2012
×
According to Fig. 12.3, population and environment has slightly higher contribution rate to EHC than economy and environment: the former having the average contribution rate of 53.4 % and the latter having the average contribution rate of 46.6 %. Therefore, to enhance EHC, the countries shall focus more on economy and environment and population and environment.
