Evolutionary Analysis: Classical Bits to Quantum Qubits

Quantum computing has evolved from traditional classical computing due to the integration of multiple scientific domains. Quantum physics and quantum mechanics to name a few. Classical computers worked on a 1 and 0 logic, whereby the value would be either a voltage high or voltage low respectively. Quantum computers on the contrary use Qubits to represent the states, these state vectors have the capability to represent multiple states simultaneously and thus render scalability and exponential speed to quantum computing. Quantum computers harness the unique behaviour of quantum physics by applying concepts such as superposition, entanglement, and quantum interference. This chapter is authored to take us through the transition from classical to quantum computing. The chapter shall present a comparison of features that are exhibited by classical computers and how quantum principles enable quantum to compute, The chapter is aimed to provide an introduction to the various quantum gates which are to be deliberated in the subsequent chapters.