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2021 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. Explaining Long-Distance Nationalism

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Abstract

This chapter offers a theoretical framework that allows for a systematic comparison of identity movements of extra-territorial communities across time. Regarding diaspora as an ethnonational phenomenon as opposed to transcendence of ethnicity and nation, the social movement theory is brought into explain the dynamics of diaspora mobilization. The framing processes approach along with political and discursive opportunity structures is utilized to explain the movement emergence and development in the diaspora. This chapter also problematizes mobilization through the concept of frame resonance and suggests examining the quality and quantity of participation among each stratum of constituents. Variation in movement consequences is explained with movement missions epitomized in persistent movement frames and thereby different forms movements take. Finally, movement forms such as émigré, exile, diaspora, and transnational nationalism are organized into a typology of long-distance nationalism. How this typology illuminates the cases of the Crimean Tatar diaspora is also discussed.

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Fußnoten
1
The situationalist view of diaspora conflicts with the post-structuralist thesis that diasporas are immune to nationalism. However, with globalization, the situationalist approach took an interesting turn and argued that globalization of the economy makes national units less appropriate so as to weaken contemporary nation-states (Brown, 2000, 13). As we move to the post-modern, the nation as a corollary of modernity will also be transcended. Thus, the interpretation of diaspora as more “fit” and more “functional” in the era of globalization interestingly concurs with the post-structuralist view. Situationalism does not really reject the existence of ethnicity in a primordial sense, but it argues that ethnicity becomes relevant and meaningful only if it is utilized to create ethnic and national mobilization by political actors within the modern processes (Breuilly, 1994). This is in fact because both post-structuralism and situationalism agree with the view of ethnicity as a given form of human community, despite their view of nation as a construction.
 
2
The constructivist approach to ethnicity and the framing processes approach both signify a cognitive turn in their fields. Cognitive research emphasized complex culturally and historically specific mental structures and processes as determinants of human behaviour (Brubaker, 2004, 36). According to the cognitive approach, before individuals act, they have to attribute meaning to circumstances.
 
3
Examples can be given from my cases: Cafer Seydahmet moved his activity from Turkey to Europe and Romania, Müstecip Ülküsal moved from Romania to Turkey, and re-started his work there and Ayşe Seytmuratova and the Second World War refugees moved from, respectively, the USSR and Turkey to the United States.
 
4
As Kymlicka argues even though the Western liberal state model is not outright oppressive, the assumption about state neutrality in fact conceals an assimilating policy tendency. Inasmuch as all states have an official language, they cannot be neutral (Kymlicka, 1995).
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Explaining Long-Distance Nationalism
verfasst von
Filiz Tutku Aydın
Copyright-Jahr
2021
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74124-2_2

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