nach oben

Erschienen in:

2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

6. Fabrication

verfasst von : Jung Bahadur Singh

Erschienen in: Alloy 625

Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Alloy 625 can be fabricated into various products like sheets, bars, tubes, and pressure vessels. The fabrication process involves hot deformation, heat-treatments, machining and welding. It is also an attractive material for producing complex components by “additive manufacturing”. This chapter gives an overview of essential fabrication techniques used to fabricate Alloy 625 products.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Alloy 625 PLUS

Nächstes Kapitel Corrosion Behavior of Alloy 625

Sellars CM, McTegart WJ (1966) On the mechanism of hot deformation. Acta Metall 14:1136–1138CrossRef

Sakai T, Belyakov A, Kaibyshev R, Miura H, Jonas JJ (2014) Dynamic and post-dynamic recrystallization under hot, cold and severe plastic deformation conditions. Prog Mater Sci 60:130–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2013.09.002

Livesey DW, Sellars CM (1985) Hot-deformation characteristics of Waspaloy. Mater Sci Technol 1:136–144. https://doi.org/10.1179/mst.1985.1.2.136CrossRef

Lopez B, Urcola JJ (1996) Hot deformation characteristics of Inconel 625. Mater Sci Technol 12:673–678CrossRef

Guo Q, Li D, Guo S, Peng H, Hu J (2011) The effect of deformation temperature on the microstructure evolution of Inconel 625 superalloy. J Nucl Mater 414:440–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.05.029

Zhou HT, Liu RR, Liu ZC, Zhou X, Peng QZ, Zhong FH, Peng Y (2013) Hot deformation characteristics of GH625 and development of a processing map. J Mater Eng Perform 22:2515–2521CrossRef

Sun D, Jiang X, Shi J, Huang J, Jiang Y (2017) Hot forging behavior of Inconel 625 superalloy based on processing map. In: China materials conference, pp 643–652

Jia Z, Gao Z-X, Ji J-J, Liu D-X, Guo T-B, Ding Y-T (2021) High-temperature deformation behavior and processing map of the as-cast Inconel 625 alloy. Rare Met 40:2083–2091CrossRef

Ferrer L, Pieraggi B, Uginet JF (1993) International conference on recrystallization and related phenomena. In: Sevillano JGF, Sevillano M (ed) Recrystallization and related annealing phenomena. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, pp 417–422

10.

Zhou LX, Baker TN (1994) Effects of strain rate and temperature on deformation behaviour of IN 718 during high temperature deformation. Mater Sci Eng A 177:1–9CrossRef

11.

Singh JB, Verma A, Thota MK, Kapoor R (2020) Dynamic recrystallization during hot-deformation of a newly developed Alloy 693. Mater Charact 167:110529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2020.110529

12.

McQueen HJ, Sankar J, Fulop S (1979) In: 3rd international conference of mechanical. Cambridge, UK, p 675

13.

Donachie MJ, Donachie SJ (2002) Superalloys: a technical guide. ASM international, Materials Park, OH

14.

Special Metal corporation, Fabricating the special metals corporation alloys. http://selector.specialmetalswelding.com/publica/fab.pdf

15.

Yang F, Dong L, Hu X, Zhou X, Xie Z, Fang F (2020) Effect of solution treatment temperature upon the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot rolled Inconel 625 alloy. J Mater Sci 55:5613–5626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-04375-2CrossRef

16.

Singh JB, Verma A, Thota MK, Chakravartty JK (2014) Brittle failure of Alloy 693 at elevated temperatures. Mater Sci Eng A 616:88–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.08.015.

17.

Breitzig RW (2003) Machining of nickel and nickel alloys, ASM Metals Handbook

18.

Rodrigues MA, Hassui A, Lopes da Silva RH, Loureiro D (2016) Tool life and wear mechanisms during Alloy 625 face milling. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 85:1439–1448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-8056-4CrossRef

19.

Parida AK, Maity K (2018) Comparison the machinability of Inconel 718, Inconel 625 and Monel 400 in hot turning operation. Eng Sci Technol Int J 21:364–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2018.03.018

20.

Ezugwu EO (2005) Key improvements in the machining of difficult-to-cut aerospace superalloys. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 45:1353–1367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2005.02.003

21.

Zlámal T, Hajnyš J, Petrů J, Mrkvica I (2018) Effect of the cutting tool geometry on the tool wear resistance when machining inconel 625. Adv Sci Technol Res J 12

22.

Yıldırım ÇV, Kıvak T, Sarıkaya M, Erzincanlı F (2017) Determination of MQL parameters contributing to sustainable machining in the milling of nickel-base superalloy waspaloy. Arab J Sci Eng 42:4667–4681. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-017-2594-zCrossRef

23.

Yıldırım ÇV, Kıvak T, Sarıkaya M, Şirin Ş (2020) Evaluation of tool wear, surface roughness/topography and chip morphology when machining of Ni-based alloy 625 under MQL, cryogenic cooling and CryoMQL. J Mater Res Technol 9:2079–2092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.12.069

24.

Nurul Amin AKM, Ginta TL (2014) 11.13—heat-assisted machining. In: Hashmi S, Batalha GF, Van Tyne GF, Yilbas BBT-CMP (eds) Elsevier, Oxford, pp 297–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-096532-1.01118-3

25.

Kansal HK, Singh S, Kumar P (2007) Effect of silicon powder mixed EDM on machining rate of AISI D2 die steel. J Manuf Process 9:13–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1526-6125(07)70104-4

26.

Garg MP, Kumar A, Sahu CK (2017) Mathematical modeling and analysis of WEDM machining parameters of nickel-based super alloy using response surface methodology. Sādhanā 42:981–1005. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-017-0647-3CrossRef

27.

Kumar A, Upadhyay C, Kukkala V (2020) Study of surface characterization and parametric optimization during wire electric discharge machining for Inconel 625. Mater Sci Forum 978:97–105. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.978.97CrossRef

28.

Singh VK, Singh S Multi-objective optimization using Taguchi based Grey relational analysis for wire EDM of Inconel 625. J Mater Sci Mech Eng 2:38–42

29.

Valenti M (2001) Making the cut. Mech Eng 123:64–67. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2001-NOV-4CrossRef

30.

Todd RH, Allen DK, Alting L (1994) Manufacturing processes reference guide. Industrial Press Inc.

31.

Degarmo EP, Black JT, Kohser RA (2003) Materials and processes in manufacturing, 9th edn. 32. https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Materials_and_processes_in_manufacturing.html?id=depTAAAAMAAJ&pgis=1

32.

Dubey AK, Yadava V (2008) Laser beam machining—a review. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 48:609–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2007.10.017s

33.

Alloys H, Working H, Working C, Treating H (2002) Fabrication of Haynes ® and Hastelloy ® solid-solution-strengthened high-temperature alloys general guidelines for. https://www.inkosas.cz/download/niklove-slitiny/htafab.pdf

34.

Cieslak MJ (1991) The welding and solidification metallurgy of alloy 625

35.

Knorovsky GA, Cieslak MJ, Headley TJ, Romig AD, Hammetter WF (1989) INCONEL 718: A solidification diagram. Metall Trans A 20:2149–2158. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02650300CrossRef

36.

J.N. Dupont, A.R. Marder, C. V Robino, Solidification and weldability of Nb-bearing superalloys, 77 (1998). https://www.osti.gov/biblio/655470

37.

Cieslak MJ, Headley TJ, Romig AD, Kollie T (1988) A melting and solidification study of alloy 625. Metall Trans A 19:2319–2331. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02645056CrossRef

38.

DuPont JN, Marder AR, Notis MR, Robino CV (1998) Solidification of Nb-bearing superalloys: Part II. Pseudoternary solidification surfaces. Metall Mater Trans A 29:2797–2806. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-998-0320-x

39.

DuPont JN, Notis MR, Marder AR, Robino CV, Michael JR (1998) Solidification of Nb-bearing superalloys: Part I. Reaction sequences. Metall Mater Trans A 29 2785–2796. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-998-0319-3

40.

DuPont JN, Robino CV, Marder CV (1998) Modeling solute redistribution and microstructural development in fusion welds of Nb-bearing superalloys. Acta Mater 46:4781–4790. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00123-2

41.

Lippold JC, Sowards JW, Murray GM, Alexandrov BT, Ramirez AJ (2008) Weld solidification cracking in solid-solution strengthened Ni-base filler metals BT—hot cracking phenomena in welds II. In: Böllinghaus T, Herold H, Cross CE, Lippold JC (eds) Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 147–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78628-3_9

42.

DuPont JN, Lippold JC, Kiser SD (2009) Solid-solution strengthened Ni-base alloys. In: Welding metallurgy and weldability of nickel-base alloys. Wiley, p 47 (Chap. 3)

43.

Lippold JC (1983) Investigation of heat-affected zone hot cracking in Alloy 800. Weld J 62

44.

Hondors E, Seah MP (1984) Physical metallurgy, 3rd edn. New Holland, Amsterdam

45.

Lippold JC, Baeslack W, Varol I (1988) Heat-affected zone liquation cracking in austenitic and duplex stainless steels. Weld J 71:1

46.

Pepe JJ (1970) The weld heat-affected zone of the 18Ni maraging steels. Weld J 49:545-s

47.

Pepe JJ (1967) Effects of constitutional liquation in 18-Ni maraging steel weldments. Weld J 46:411s–422s

48.

Duvall DS (1967) Further heat-affected-zone studies in heat-resistant nickel alloys. Weld J 46:423s–432s

49.

Lin W, Nelson TW, Lippold JC, Baeslack W (1992) A study of the HAZ crack susceptible region in Alloy 625. Int Trends Weld Sci Technol 695–702

50.

Owczarski WA, Duvall DS, Sullivan CP (1966) A model for heat affected zone cracking in nickel-base superalloys. Weld J 45:145

51.

Savage WF, Krantz BM (1966) An investigation of hot cracking in Hastelloy X. WELD J 45:13

52.

Thompson RG, Genculu S (1983) Microstructural evolution in the Haz of Inconel 718 and correlation with the hot ductility test. Weld J (Miami, Fla) 62:337–345

53.

Young GA, Battige CK, Liwis N, Penik MA, Kikel J, Silvia AJ, McDonald CK (2001) Factors affecting the hydrogen embrittlement resistance of Ni–Cr–Mn–Nb welds. United States. https://doi.org/10.2172/821694CrossRef

54.

Cieslak MJ, Headley TJ, Romig AD (1986) The welding metallurgy of HASTELLOY alloys C-4, C-22, and C-276. Metall Trans A 17:2035–2047. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02645001CrossRef

55.

DuPont JN, Michael JR, Newbury BD (1999) Welding metallurgy of alloy HR-160. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7067

56.

Heubner U, Kohler M, Prinz B (1988) Determination of solidification behaviour of some selected superalloys. Superalloys 1988:437–446

57.

Mizia RE, Michael JR, Williams DB, Dupont DB, Robino CV (2004) Physical and welding metallurgy of Gd-enriched austenitic alloys for spent nuclear fuel applications. Part II, nickel base alloys. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/952808

58.

Webb GL, Burke MG (1995) Stress corrosion cracking behavior of Alloy 600 in high temperature water

59.

Perricone MJJ (2003) Microstructural development of superaustenitic stainless steel and Ni-base alloys in casting and conventional arc welds, PhD Thesis, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA.

60.

Richards NL, Chaturvedi MC (2000) Effect of minor elements on weldability of nickel base superalloys. Int Mater Rev 45:109–129. https://doi.org/10.1179/095066000101528331CrossRef

61.

Silva CC, de Albuquerque VHC, Miná EM, Moura EP, Tavares JMRS (2018) Mechanical properties and microstructural characterization of aged nickel-based Alloy 625 weld metal. Metall Mater Trans A 49:1653–1673. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4526-2CrossRef

62.

Cortial F, Corrieu JM, Vernot-Loier C (1995) Influence of heat treatments on microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of weld alloy 625. Metall Mater Trans A 26:1273–1286. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02670621CrossRef

63.

Frank RB (1991) Customage 625 plus alloy-a higher strength alternative to Alloy 625. In: Oria EA (ed) Superalloys 718, 625 various derivatives

64.

Onyewuenyi OA (2012) Alloy 718: alloy optimization for applications in oil and gas production 345–362. https://doi.org/10.7449/1989/superalloys_1989_345_362

65.

Yong SH, Gibbons GJ, Wong CC, West G (2020) A critical review of the material characteristics of additive manufactured IN718 for high-temperature application. Metals 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10121576.

66.

Khajavi SH, Partanen J, Holmström J (2014) Additive manufacturing in the spare parts supply chain. Comput Ind 65:50–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2013.07.008

67.

Murphy SV, Atala A (2014) 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs. Nat Biotechnol 32:773–785. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2958CrossRef

68.

Miller JS, Stevens KR, Yang MT, Baker BM, Nguyen D-HT, Cohen DM, Toro E, Chen AA, Galie PA, Yu X, Chaturvedi R, Bhatia SN, Chen CS (2012) Rapid casting of patterned vascular networks for perfusable engineered three-dimensional tissues. Nat Mater 11:768–774. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3357CrossRef

69.

He Y, Xue G, Fu J (2014) Fabrication of low cost soft tissue prostheses with the desktop 3D printer. Sci Rep 4:6973. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06973CrossRef

70.

Hofmann DC, Kolodziejska J, Roberts S, Otis R, Dillon RP, Suh J-O, Liu Z-K, Borgonia J-P (2014) Compositionally graded metals: a new frontier of additive manufacturing. J Mater Res 29:1899–1910. https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2014.208

71.

Zheng Y, He Z, Gao Y, Liu J (2013) Direct desktop printed-circuits-on-paper flexible electronics. Sci Rep 3:1786. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01786CrossRef

72.

Melchels FPW, Domingos MAN, Klein TJ, Malda J, Bartolo PJ, Hutmacher DW (2012) Additive manufacturing of tissues and organs. Prog Polym Sci 37:1079–1104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.11.007

73.

Yan C, Hao L, Hussein A, Young P, Raymont D (2014) Advanced lightweight 316L stainless steel cellular lattice structures fabricated via selective laser melting. Mater Des 55:533–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.10.027

74.

Manvatkar V, De A, DebRoy T (2015) Spatial variation of melt pool geometry, peak temperature and solidification parameters during laser assisted additive manufacturing process. Mater Sci Technol 31:924–930. https://doi.org/10.1179/1743284714Y.0000000701CrossRef

75.

Liu Z, Qi H (2014) Numerical simulation of transport phenomena for a double-layer laser powder deposition of single-crystal superalloy. Metall Mater Trans A 45:1903–1915. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-2178-9CrossRef

76.

Xu W, Brandt M, Sun S, Elambasseril J, Liu Q, Latham K, Xia K, Qian M (2015) Additive manufacturing of strong and ductile Ti–6Al–4V by selective laser melting via in situ martensite decomposition. Acta Mater 85:74–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2014.11.028

77.

Carroll BE, Palmer TA, Beese AM (2015) Anisotropic tensile behavior of Ti–6Al–4V components fabricated with directed energy deposition additive manufacturing. Acta Mater 87:309–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2014.12.054

78.

Choi J-P, Shin G-H, Yang S, Yang D-Y, Lee J-S, Brochu M, Yu J-H (2017) Densification and microstructural investigation of Inconel 718 parts fabricated by selective laser melting. Powder Technol 310:60–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.01.030

79.

Özel T, Altay A, Donmez A, Leach R (2018) Surface topography investigations on nickel alloy 625 fabricated via laser powder bed fusion. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 94:4451–4458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-1187-zCrossRef

80.

Dinda GP, Dasgupta AK, Mazumder J (2012) Texture control during laser deposition of nickel-based superalloy. Scr Mater 67:503–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.06.014

81.

David SA, Debroy T (1992) Current issues and problems in welding science. Science (80-)257:497–502. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.257.5069.497

82.

Trosch T, Strößner J, Völkl R, Glatzel U (2016) Microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melted Inconel 718 compared to forging and casting. Mater Lett 164:428–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2015.10.136

83.

Wiederkehr P, Bergmann JA (2018) An integrated macroscopic model for simulating SLM and milling processes. Prod Eng 12:465–472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11740-018-0822-3CrossRef

84.

Kalentics N, de Seijas MOV, Griffiths S, Leinenbach C, Logé RE (2020) 3D laser shock peening—a new method for improving fatigue properties of selective laser melted parts. Addit Manuf 33:101112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101112

85.

Ganesh P, Kaul R, Paul CP, Tiwari P, Rai SK, Prasad RC, Kukreja LM (2010) Fracture behavior of laser-clad joint of Stellite 21 on AISI 316L stainless steel. Mater Sci Eng A 527:7490-7497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.08.034

86.

Amato KN, Hernandez J, Murr LE, Martinez E, Gaytan SM, Shindo PW (2012) J Mater Sci Res 1(2)

87.

Amato KN, Gaytan SM, Murr LE, Martinez E, Shindo PW, Hernandez J, Collins S, Medina F (2012) Microstructures and mechanical behavior of Inconel 718 fabricated by selective laser melting. Acta Mater 60:2229–2239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.12.032

88.

Levy D, Shirizly A, Rittel D (2018) Static and dynamic comprehensive response of additively manufactured discrete patterns of Ti6Al4V. Int J Impact Eng 122:182–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2018.07.014

89.

Mazur M, Leary M, McMillan M, Sun S, Shidid D, Brandt M (2017) 5—mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V and AlSi12Mg lattice structures manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). In: Brandt MBT-LAM (ed) Woodhead publishing series in electronic and optical materials. Woodhead Publishing, pp 119–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100433-3.00005-1

90.

Murr LE, Martinez E, Gaytan SM, Ramirez DA, Machado BI, Shindo PW, Martinez JL, Medina F, Wooten J, Ciscel D, Ackelid U, Wicker RB (2011) Microstructural architecture, microstructures, and mechanical properties for a nickel-base superalloy fabricated by electron beam melting. Metall Mater Trans A 42:3491–3508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-011-0748-2CrossRef

91.

Graf B, Gumenyuk A, Rethmeier M (2012) Laser metal deposition as repair technology for stainless steel and titanium alloys. Phys Procedia 39:376–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2012.10.051

92.

Zhong C, Kittel J, Gasser A, Schleifenbaum JH (2019) Study of nickel-based super-alloys Inconel 718 and Inconel 625 in high-deposition-rate laser metal deposition. Opt. Laser Technol 109:352–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2018.08.003

93.

Sun GF, Shen XT, Wang ZD, Zhan MJ, Yao S, Zhou R, Ni ZH (2019) Laser metal deposition as repair technology for 316L stainless steel: influence of feeding powder compositions on microstructure and mechanical properties. Opt Laser Technol 109:71–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2018.07.051

94.

Kumar LJ, Nair CGK (2017) Laser metal deposition repair applications for Inconel 718 alloy. Mater Today Proc 4:11068–11077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.08.068

95.

Saboori A, Gallo D, Biamino S, Fino P, Lombardi M (2017) An overview of additive manufacturing of titanium components by directed energy deposition: microstructure and mechanical properties. Appl Sci 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7090883

96.

Paul CP, Ganesh P, Mishra SK, Bhargava P, Negi J, Nath AK (2007) Investigating laser rapid manufacturing for Inconel-625 components. Opt Laser Technol 39:800–805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2006.01.008

97.

Xue L, Islam MU (2000) Free-form laser consolidation for producing metallurgically sound and functional components. J Laser Appl 12:160–165. https://doi.org/10.2351/1.521927CrossRef

98.

Chlebus E, Gruber K, Kuźnicka B, Kurzac J, Kurzynowski T (2015) Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 processed by selective laser melting. Mater Sci Eng A 639:647–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.05.035

99.

Dinda GP, Dasgupta AK, Mazumder J (2009) Laser aided direct metal deposition of Inconel 625 superalloy: Microstructural evolution and thermal stability. Mater Sci Eng A 509:98–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2009.01.009

100.

Cited as Ref 28 in [85]. http://www.ascgenoa.com/main/newsletter/9/%5B2%5D6-07_AIAA_2007_2381-metal-Fatigue.pdf

Titel: Fabrication
verfasst von: Jung Bahadur Singh
Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore
Buch: Alloy 625
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-1561-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-19-1562-8

Copyright-Jahr: 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1562-8_6

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten

Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.

Zur Marktübersicht