Factors influencing the occurrence of flooding, risk and management strategies in Lagos, Nigeria

Human vulnerability to disasters poses a significant concern to water resources management. The present study examined the factors influencing the occurrence of flooding, risk and management strategies in Lagos, Nigeria. A set of questionnaires was administered to 400 respondents in four randomly selected settlements in Lagos State based on perception and observation methods. Descriptive and multivariate statistics and cartographic mapping techniques were employed for data analysis. The result indicates that the majority of the respondents live in a rented room and parlor. The significant flood risks include poor sanitation, a breeding site for mosquitoes, water contamination/waterborne diseases, and mental stress. Factors analysis explains 74.62% of the variance, indicating anthropogenic, natural, and institutional factors influencing flooding in the study area. The dominant flood management measures are clearance of drains, environmental sanitation, public awareness, training/education, while the significant steps taken by the government to ameliorate flooding challenges in the area include awareness, early warning, and education. The study concluded that there exists a significant difference in the factors influencing flooding across the settlements based on the ANOVA result given as: (DWSD F = 19.661, p < 0.05; RI = 41.104, p < 0.05; WIC = 18.123, p < 0.05; HWL = 37.481, p < 0.05; SD = 10.294, p < 0.05). The study contributes to knowledge using cartographic techniques to map the risks of flooding for easy understanding. The study has potential policy implications for planning and interventions in areas vulnerable areas. The study recommended monitoring of construction activities, enforcement of building codes, awareness campaigns, and early warning flood technology for sustainable flood management in the area.