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2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Fresh Water Geochemistry: Overview

verfasst von : Pedro José Depetris

Erschienen in: Environmental Geology

Verlag: Springer US

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Aquifer

An underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures, or porous unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt) from which groundwater can be obtained by means of a water well.

Colloid

A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance. The dispersed-phase particles have a diameter of approximately between 1 and 1000 nanometers (1 nm = 10⁻⁹ m).

Congruent dissolution

A mineral or salt is completely dissolved in water, adding elements to the solvent in the same proportions that existed in the original solid.

Conservative elements

Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺ are considered conservative in the sense that their concentrations are unaltered by changes in pH, temperature, or pressure, assuming that no precipitation or dissolution of solid phases or biological transformations occur within the ranges normally found near the surface of the Earth.

Denudation

Involves the processes that cause the wearing away of the Earth’s surface by moving water, by ice, by wind, and by waves, leading to a reduction in elevation and in relief of landforms and landscapes.

Exogenous cycle

The sum of processes triggered by forces on or above the Earth’s surface.

Hydrolysis

A chemical reaction wherein a water molecule and a reactant exchange functional groups resulting in two end products, one containing the hydrogen ion and the other the hydroxyl anion.

Incongruent dissolution

A mineral that does not dissolve entirely and leaves a solid residue which usually differs chemically from the original solid.

Riparian zone

Interface between land and a river or stream; plant habitats and communities along the river margins and banks, characterized by hydrophilic plants.

Solubility product

It is the equilibrium constant for a simple solubility reaction. More precisely, it is the product of the concentrations of the ions, with each concentration raised to a power equal to the coefficient of that ion in the balanced equation for the solubility equilibrium.

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Titel: Fresh Water Geochemistry: Overview
verfasst von: Pedro José Depetris
Verlag: Springer US
Buch: Environmental Geology
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-8786-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4939-8787-0

Copyright-Jahr: 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8787-0_969