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2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

11. From the Recognition of Foreign Acts to Trans-national Administrative Procedures

verfasst von : Giacinto della Cananea

Erschienen in: Recognition of Foreign Administrative Acts

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This paper suggests that a public law analysis of the recognition of foreign administrative acts or decision can contribute to the discussion between specialists of different fields of law. We are now in a position to appreciate why this might be the case. The aim is to show that under the traditional label “recognition”, there are two distinct models, each based on distinct underlying assumptions and producing different institutional and operational consequences.

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Vorheriges Kapitel La reconnaissance des actes administratifs étrangers en Hongrie

Nächstes Kapitel Notion and Recognition of Foreign Administrative Acts in Poland

See Felice Morgenstern, Recognition and enforcement of foreign legislative, administrative and judicial acts which are contrary to international law, 4 Int’l L. Quart. 326 (1951).

Otto Mayer, Deutsches Verwaltungsrecht, Volume 1, Duncker und Humblot, 1895.

Banco Nacional de Cuba v. Sabbatino – 376 U.S. 398 (1964).

Against this divide, see Dawn Oliver, Common Values and the Public-Private Divide (Clarendon 1999);

Duncan Kennedy, ‘The Stages of Decline of the Public/Private Distinction’, 130 U Pa L Rev 1423 (1982). But see also Martin Loughlin, Public Law and Political Theory (1992).

I. Berlin Does Political Theory Still Exists?, in P. Laslett and W.G. Runciman (eds.), Philosophy and Society, 1962, 1;.

M. Loughlin, Public Law and Political Theory, cit., 3, 31).

For this metaphor, see M. Loughlin, Public Law and Political Theory, cit., 37.

In this sense, a “model” provides an adequate explanation only of some observed phenomena, as well as of their relationships, Mark van Hoecke – Mark Warrington, Legal cultures, legal paradigms and legal doctrine: towards a new model for comparative law, 47 Int’l & Comp. L. Q. 495 (1998). A “theorem” is, instead, either the first step in elaborating or testing a theory or a concrete application of it.

See again Mark van Hoecke – Mark Warrington, Legal cultures, legal paradigms and legal doctrine: towards a new model for comparative law, cit., 527, 533. See also Horatia Muir Watt, Choice of Law in Integrated and Interconnected Markets: A Matter of Political Economy, vol 7.3 El. J. Comp. L (2003), arguing that there is a “need for a dual choice of law system, geared on the one hand to dealing with cross-border activities within the internal market, on the other to defining the scope of Community regulation vis-à-vis the law of third states”.

Sabino Cassese (ed.), L’unità del diritto. Massimo Severo Giannini e la teoria giuridica (Il Mulino, 1994); Dawn Oliver, Common Values and the Public-Private Divide (Clarendon 1999).

Thomas Hobbes, The Leviathan (1651), II, 26. John Austin, The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832) (arguing that the last is constituted by commands, emanated by the sovereign and backed by the threats of sanctions).

This kind of situation must be distinguished from that in which an action is brought in a municipal court, in a form that contests the action of the foreign State, as it happened in the case of the seizure of arms, destined for Persia, on a request by the British government: see Morgestern, Recognition of foreign acts, cit., 327.

In this perspective, see the US Supreme Court’s ruling in Underhill v. Hernandez, ……. (declining jurisdiction to review the legality of the foreign act in the light of international law).

Mathias Reimann, Comparative law and neighboring disciplines, in Mauro Bussani and Ugo Mattei, The Cambridge Companion to Comparative Law (2012), 20 (pointing out the connection between the new transnational law and comparative legal analysis); On the decline of jus gentium, replaced by international law, seen as an inter-state law, see Carl Schmitt, Der Nomos der Erde (1950), English translation The Nomos of the Earth in the International Law of Jus Publicum Europaeum.

Abram Chayes and Antonia Handler Chayes, The New Sovereignty. Compliance with International Regulatory Agreements (1995).

Anne-Marie Slaughter, The New World Order (2005).

Giacinto Della Cananea, Sovranità e globalizzazione, Parolechiave, 2006, p. 97. On the concept of “encadrement”, see D. Triantafyllou, L’encadrement communautaire du financement du service public, RTDE, 35 (1), janvier-mars 1999 p. 21.

Matthias Ruffert, Recognition of Foreign Legislative and Administrative Acts, in Rudiger Wolfrum (ed.), Max Planck Encyclopoedia of Public International Law (2008); Henrik Wenander, Recognition of Foreign Administrative Decisions. Balancing International Cooperation, National Self-determination, and Individual Rights, in 71 Zaov 755, 758 (2011).

Santi Romano, L’ordinamento giuridico (1946, 2nd ed.), 130, 145, 148, French translation L’ordre juridique.

Charles A. Reich, The New Property, 73 Yale L.J. 739 (1963–1964).

Civil Tribunal of Rome, judgment of July 14, 1954, Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. Ltd. v. Società S.U.P.O.R., … Am. J. Int’l. L. 259 (1955). See also, for further details, Giorgio de Nova, Efficacia di una<<espropriazione protettiva>>di beni siti in uno Stato alleato, in Giurisprudenza comparata di diritto internazionale privato, vol. XI, 1954, p. 105.

For further analysis, see Francesca Angelini, Ordine pubblico e integration costituzionale europea. I principi fondamentali nelle relazioni interordinamentali (2010).

See Martin Shapiro, The Globalization of Law, 1 Ind. J. Global Legal Studies, 37 (1993–1994) (ponting out that there is no “single coercive regulator”); Kalypso Nicolaidis and Gregory Shaffer, Managed Mutual Recognition Regimes: Governance Without Government, 68 Law and Contemp. Probl, 263 (2005). See also Robert Howse and Kalypso Nicolaidis, Enhancing WTO Legitimacy: Constitutionalization or Subsidiarity?, 16 Governance 73 (2003) (referring to subsidiarity, a key element in the official discourses about the European Union, as a core element of global governance).

Brainerd Currie, Notes on Methods and Objectives in the Conflict of Laws, 2, Duke L. J., 171, 173 (1959).

For the remark that the “general principle of mutual recognition of driving permits” issued by the Member States, “was established in order to facilitate the movement of persons settling in a Member State other than that in which they have passed a driving test”, see ECJ, Case C-476/01 Kapper [2004], § 71). See also Case C-230797 Awoyemi (1998), where the Court excluded that States can impose “formalities”.).

In Italy, national rules (Article 135 of the legislative decree n. 285 of April 30, 1992) are full coherent with the Convention.

In Italy, there is a “circular” (n. 31 of May 28, 1999), that is to say an administrative act laying down guidance to all public authorities and bodies. These rules specify that not all foreign driving permits can be converted.

(ECJ, Case 16/78, Rewe-Zentral AG v Bundesmonopolverwaltung für Branntwein (1979) where the Court held that a regulation to both domestic and imported (from other EC countries) goods that produces an effect equivalent to a quantitative import restriction is an unlawful restriction on the free Currie, Notes on Methods and Objectives in the Conflict of Laws, 2, Duke L. J., 171, 173 (1959) movement of goods. For further details, see Paul Craig and Grainne de Burca, EU Law. Text, Cases, and Materials (2007, 4th ed.), 676 ff.; Joseph H.H. WEILER, The Constitution of the Common Market Place: Text and Context in the Evolution of the Free Movement of Goods’, in Paul Craig and Gráinne de Burca, The Evolution of EU Law (2001).

The two rulings are: Tribunale amministrativo regionale per il Lazio, panel III-bis, decision n. 1704 of March 3, 2002; Consiglio di Stato, 6th panel, decision n. 4613 of September 4, 2007.

EU Directive N. 2006/126, 3rd indent.

ECJ, Joined Cases C-329/06 and C-343/06, Wiedemann v. Land Baden-Wurtemberg and Funk v. Stadt Chemnitz (2008).

ECJ, Joined Cases C-329/06 and C-343/06, Wiedemann v. Land Baden-Wurtemberg and Funk v. Stadt Chemnitz, § 51.

ECJ, Joined Cases C-329/06 and C-343/06, Wiedemann v. Land Baden-Wurtemberg and Funk v. Stadt Chemnitz, § 69 and 73.

ECJ, Case C-260/89, ERT and Case C-159/86, Kohll (doctors and dentists).

Consiglio di Stato, IV panel, decision n. 1478 of March 16, 2012, confirming TAR Umbria n. 225 of May 10, 2004.

See Harold Kongiu Koh, Transnational Public Law Litigation, 100 Yale L. J. 2347 (1992).

(Under Article 2 (1) (a), a biocidal product is an “active substance and preparations containing one or more active substances, put in the form in which they are supplied to the user, intended to destroy, deter and otherwise exert a controlling effect on any harmful organism by chemical or biological means”..

In Italy, these provisions are implemented by Articles 1 and 14 of the legislative decree n. 176 of October 8, 2011. For further details, see Luca De Lucia, Autorizzazioni transnazionali e ordinamento europeo, in Rivista di diritto pubblico comunitario, 2010, 759.

Eberhard Schmidt-Aßmann, The Internationalization of Administrative Relations as a Challenge for Administrative Law Scholarship, 9 German L. J. 2061 (2008); Matthias Ruffert, Recognition of Foreign Legislative and Administrative Acts, cit., § 16; Luca de Lucia, Administrative Pluralism, Horizontal Cooperation and Transnational Administrative Acts, in Review of European Administrative Law, 2012, 17.

Matthias Ruffert, Recognition of Foreign Legislative and Administrative Acts, cit., § 16.

Angelini, F. 2010. Ordine pubblico e integration costituzionale europea. I principi fondamentali nelle relazioni interordinamentali.

Austin, J. 1832. The province of jurisprudence determined. London: J. Murray.

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Cassese, S. ed. 1994. L’unità del diritto. Massimo Severo Giannini e la teoria giuridica (Il Mulino).

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de Lucia, L. 2012. Administrative pluralism, horizontal cooperation and transnational administrative acts. In Review of European Administrative Law 5: 17.

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Oliver, D. 1999. Common values and the public-private divide. London: Clarendon.

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Ruffert, M. 2008. Recognition of foreign legislative and administrative acts. In Max planck encyclopedia of public international law, ed. Rudiger Wolfrum.

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Weiler, J.H.H. 2001. The constitution of the common market place: Text and context in the evolution of the free movement of good’. In The evolution of EU law, eds. Paul Craig, and Gráinne de Burca.

Wenander, H. 2011. Recognition of foreign administrative decisions. Balancing international cooperation, national self-determination, and individual rights. Zaov 71: 755–758.

Titel: From the Recognition of Foreign Acts to Trans-national Administrative Procedures
verfasst von: Giacinto della Cananea
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Recognition of Foreign Administrative Acts
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-18973-4

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-18974-1

Copyright-Jahr: 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18974-1_11