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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. From Tiananmen to Shenzhen: Transition to Capitalism

verfasst von : Jianyong Yue

Erschienen in: China's Rise in the Age of Globalization

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Deng Xiaoping saved the regime from collapse in the summer of 1989 and played an equally important role in stabilizing it in the critical three years that ensued. He drew three major lessons from Tiananmen: no democracy, no appeasing the people, and appeasing the West. The impact of the Global 1989 and eagerness to make his reform legacy irreversible prompted Deng to embrace (global) capitalism in a more radical way. Underscoring high growth as the source of political legitimacy, Deng opened the door for market Leninist reforms at the expense of social justice. 1992 marked the beginning of the party state’s transformation from a left-wing dictatorship to a right-wing dictatorship.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Chinese Reform and Development in the 1980s

Nächstes Kapitel The 1990s: Washington Consensus in China?

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Interview with Wang Lixiong in September 2003. Zhao Ziyang also acknowledged the existence of such an element. Zong (2007), p. 201.

After June 4, all work units were ordered to rethink the “turmoil and counter-revolutionary rebellion.” The audience was told that without those old comrades, especially Deng Xiaoping, it was difficult to define the nature of the turmoil.

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Deng’s Works, vol. 3, p. 311.

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Han Shaogong and Wang Yao (2002), “Societal Cracks and Rebuilding,” November, Suzhou. http://boxun.com/news/gb/pubvp/2014/07/201407070559.shtml#.WWUA5VUrLIU; Zhou Qiren (2008), “What did Deng Xiaoping Do Correctly?” An address delivered to “Seminar on China’s Reform: 30 Years Anniversary,” Chicago University. Economic Observer Daily, 28/07/2008. http://zhouqiren.org/archives/655.html

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Chris Miller (2016), “Could Mikhail Gorbachev Have Saved the Soviet Union?” Foreign Policy, 21/12/2016. http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/12/21/could-mikhail-gorbachev-have-saved-the-soviet-union/

Deng’s Works, vol. 3, pp. 370–371.

Robert Strayer (1998), Why did the Soviet Union Collapse? Understanding Historical Change, Oxon: Routledge, pp. 191–193.

Wang Lixiong (2000), “Mao Zedong Mentality and Its Undercurrents,” Modern China Studies, No. 3.

Politburo member Qiao Shi led a CCP delegation on a visit to Romanian and Bulgaria to exchange experience on suppressing the demonstrators. http://www.standoffattiananmen.com/2015/06/people-of-1989-qiao-shi.html

Chun Lin (2008), “China: Changing the Rules of the Game,” Soundings, 39:1, pp. 7–19.

http://nf.nfdaily.cn/nanfangdaily/zt/nshiz/60jg/200909010001.asp

Cited by China Spring, No. 1, 1992. http://non-violentes.blogspot.co.uk/2014/06/blog-post.html

Cheng Xiang (2014), “How the CCP’s Crony Capitalism Came into Being?” HK: ejinsight, 29/05/2014. http://forum.hkej.com/node/113277

On July 28, 1989, the CCP’s Central Committee and the State Council made decisions with regard to addressing “the masses’ concerns.” http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/64165/67447/68007/4640256.html

Luo Xiaopeng (2012), “The Premier’s Dilemma under the Party’s Heaven,” Century China, 24/8. http://www.chinainperspective.com/ArtShow.aspx?AID=17301

Deng’ Works, vol. 3, p. 370.

Zong (2007), p. 42.

Hu Ping (2016), “Zhuhai Meeting and the Role of the PLA in CCP’s Internal Strife,” 1/07/2016. http://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/huping/huping-07012016100604.html; cited from Ezra Vogel (2013), Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China (Chinese edition), HK: CUHK Press, pp. 591–596.

Deng’s Works, vol. 3, p. 373.

“Deng Xiaoping’s Southern Tour Remarks [Original],” zhongwai guanli, 19/07/2016. http://cj.sina.com.cn/article/detail/1790671321/31346?column=china&ch=9

In the 1980s, Deng did not even hide his suspicion of socialism, which he had once conveyed to a visiting African leader. For understandable reasons, those sensitive words were not included into the Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping. Du Daozheng (2008), “How to Look on Deng Xiaoping Today?” Caijing, 05/12/2008.

Deng’s Works, vol. 3, p. 372.

Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, vol. 3, p. 311.

Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, vol. 3, p. 375.

China Daily, 16/01/2013. http://dailynews.sina.com/bg/news/int/int/chinesedaily/20130116/06004162368.html; Hu Ping (2016) on the role of PLA. http://www.rfa.org/mandarin/pinglun/huping/huping-07012016100604.html

http://www.people.com.cn/GB/historic/0522/1680.html; Zhou Ruijin, “I and Huangpu Ping,” http://xwjz.eastday.com/eastday/xwjz/node358630/node358631/u1a4624446.html; http://www.shtong.gov.cn/node2/node2245/node4522/node5661/node5686/node63733/userobject1ai8825.html; http://3g.ifeng.com/news/history/lszt/deng/news?aid=29910392&mid=1477658816538_6mq57i5450&rt=1&p=10(&11)

Jiang Zemin’s Remarks at the Central Party School, 9/06/1992. http://www.scio.gov.cn/ztk/xwfb/36/10/Document/929008/929008.htm

Wang Lixiong (2000), Modern China Studies, No. 2.

Ma Licheng and Lin Zhijun (1998), Cross Sword (jiaofeng), Beijing: Today’s China Press, pp. 205–209.

“How did Jiang Zemin handle the ‘ten-thousand-word’ petition letter from mid-1990s onwards?” http://news.ifeng.com/a/20140508/40201801_0.shtml

Even until the late 1990s, few economists including the most ardent neoliberal economists such as Wu Jinglian could tell what “socialist market economy” meant. There was wide special coverage of the discussion on this topic on the domestic media.

For understandable reasons, these sensitive words were not included into the Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping. Du Daozheng, “How to Look on Deng Xiaoping Today?” Caijing, 05/12/2008.

Wang Lixiong (2000), Modern China Studies, No. 2.

“If Voters Don’t Believe that ‘It’s the Economy, Stupid’, We’re All Doomed,” The Telegraph, 1/04/2015. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/comment/jeremy-warner/11509865/If-voters-dont-believe-that-its-the-economy-stupid-were-all-doomed.html

For instance, nationalism was promoted after 1989 in a bid to head off Western ideological crusade and “American hegemonism.” This, however, by no means implied that Chinese leaders would act in a realist manner in foreign relations. They used nationalism merely for the purpose of mobilizing public support, but would never allow it to derail China’s low-profile foreign policy. Nor were they to commit themselves to economic nationalism in any meaningful way.

Deng’s Works, vol. 3, pp. 373–374.

Titel: From Tiananmen to Shenzhen: Transition to Capitalism
verfasst von: Jianyong Yue
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: China's Rise in the Age of Globalization
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-63996-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-63997-0

Copyright-Jahr: 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63997-0_4

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