Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Erschienen in:
Thematic Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2021 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

10. Frontex—The EU Border Management and Coast Guard Agency

verfasst von : Johann Wagner

Erschienen in: Border Management in Transformation

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In 2018, the common external borders of the 28 EU MS measure around 13,500 km of land borders and 66,000 km (41,000 ml) of coastlines. The area of ‘air borders’ could, where appropriate, be categorised by the number of international airports in all EU MS combined with all international inbound and outbound flights of the EU MS.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Vorheriges Kapitel EU Agencies with Regard to Integrated Border Control Within the Framework of the Created Compensatory Measures
Nächstes Kapitel International Police Cooperation
Fußnoten
1
Frontex [1].
 
2
Treaty on European Union (Consolidated Version), Treaty of Maastricht, 7th February 1992, Official Journal of the European Communities C 325/5; 24th December 2002.
 
3
EU (2017): The four fundamental freedoms in the EU: Free movement of goods; freedom of movement for workers; right of establishment and freedom to provide services; and free movement of capital.
EUR-Lex (2017): The Treaty on European Union (TEU), signed in Maastricht on 7th February 1992, entered into force on 1st November, 1993. Available from: https://​eur-lex.​europa.​eu/​legal-content/​EN/​TXT/​?​uri=​URISERV:​xy0026 (Accessed on 7th January 2017).
 
4
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union—Consolidated Versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (2016/C 202/01). Article 77–80.
 
5
Ibid.
 
6
Ibid.
 
7
UNHCR [23].
 
8
UNHCR [24].
 
9
UNHCR [2, p. 6].
 
10
Note from the author: The main task of a (border) police is the prevention of criminal offences, but also the consequent prosecution. Therefore, the police, who is the extended arm of the law by representing the state, is entitled to use the power of force to enforce the rule of law. This legal relationship between the EU and its citizens does not exist in this form.
 
11
The European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) was established by Regulation (EU) 2016/1624 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14th September 2016 on the European Border and Coast Guard and amending Regulation (EU) 2016/399 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Regulation (EC) No 863/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 and Council Decision 2005/267/EC (OJ L 251, 16.09. 2016, p. 1).
 
12
Ibid.
 
13
Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 of 26th October 2004 establishing a European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union.
 
14
Frontex [1].
 
15
Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 of 26th October 2004 establishing a European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union. Article 3—Joint operations and pilot projects at external borders.
 
16
Ibid. Article 20—Powers of the Management Board Carrera, Sergio [30].
 
17
Regulation (EC) No 863/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11th July 2007 establishing a mechanism for the creation of Rapid Border Intervention Teams and amending Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 as regards that mechanism and regulating the tasks and powers of guest officers OJ L 199, 31st July 2007.
 
18
Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 of 26th October 2004 establishing a European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union. Article 3—Joint operations and pilot projects at external borders.
 
19
Ibid. Article 4—Risk Analysis.
 
20
Note from the author: See further explanations under Point 9.​3. Eurosur.
 
21
Krösbacher [3].
 
22
Frontex Guidelines for Risk Analysis Units Structure and tools for the application of CIRAM version 2.0. 2. Frontex: background, mandate and objectives, p. 9.
Neal [25].
 
23
Note from the author: See further discussion under Chap. 11—International Police Cooperation, Point 11.​9. Common training and equipment.
 
24
Frontex [5].
 
25
Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 of 26th October 2004 establishing a European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union.
Article 6—Follow-up to research.
 
26
European Commission [6].
 
27
European Commission [7].
 
28
European Commission [8].
In its conclusions of 5th October 2006, the Council invites the Commission “with the cooperation of FRONTEX and taking into account the responsibilities of Member States, the feasibility study on the establishment of a Mediterranean Coastal Patrol Network (MEDSEA) and experience gained in joint operations, to present a Communication to the Council before the end of 2006 identifying those further operational measures that can be taken in the short-term to equip the Union with the necessary capacity to help assist in preventing and managing migration crisis situations”.
 
29
Ibid.
The feasibility study entitled ‘MEDSEA’ presented by FRONTEX on 14th July 2006 as part of the implementation of the Global Approach to Migration points to the need for a permanent Coastal Patrol Network for the southern maritime external borders.
 
30
Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 of 26th October 2004 establishing a European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union.
Article 7—Management of technical equipment.
 
31
Regulation (EC) No 863/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11th July 2007 establishing a mechanism for the creation of Rapid Border Intervention Teams and amending Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 as regards that mechanism and regulating the tasks and powers of guest officers, OJ L 199, 31st July 2007, pp. 30–39. Krösbacher [3].
Fischer-Lescano et al. [9].
 
32
Commission Recommendation of 06/XI/2006 establishing a common “Practical Handbook for Border Guards (Schengen Handbook)” to be used by Member States’ competent authorities when carrying out the border control of persons, p. 10.
‘Border checks’ (Definition no. 12) are the checks carried out at border crossing points, to ensure that persons, their means may be authorised to enter or leave the territory of Schengen States.
Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 of 26th October 2004 establishing a European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union.
Article 6—Tasks and powers of the members of the team.
 
33
Ibid. Article 10—Exercise of executive powers.
 
34
Ibid.
 
35
Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 of 26th October 2004 establishing a European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union.
Article 9—Return cooperation.
 
36
European Commission [10].
Müller [11].
 
37
Frontex [12].
 
38
European Council [13].
 
39
Federal Foreign Office [14].
 
40
Die Welt [15]
 
41
Möllers [16, p. 13]
 
42
EurActiv [17].
 
43
Léonard [18].
 
44
Neal [28].
 
45
De Boer [19].
 
46
Rijpma et al. [20].
 
47
Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 of 26th October 2004 establishing a European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union.
Article 10—Exercise of executive powers.
 
48
Strondl [21].
 
49
Die Welt [22].
 
Literatur
1.
2.
3.
Krösbacher V (2010) Frontex. The role of the European Border Agency in the external management of the EU. Diploma thesis, University of Innsbruck, Institute for European Law and International Law, Innsbruck
4.
Neal AW (2009) Securitisation and risk at the EU border. J Common Market Stud 47(2)
5.
6.
7.
8.
European Commission (2006) Communication from the commission to the council—reinforcing the management of the European Union’s Southern Maritime Borders (* COM/2006/0733 final *)
9.
Fischer-Lescano A, Tohidipur T (2007) Europäisches Grenzkontrollregime. Legal framework of the European Border Agency Frontex. J Int Pub Law Int Law 67, H 4, 1219–1276
10.
European Commission (2008) Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions—Report on the evaluation and future development of the FRONTEX Agency {SEC(2008) 148} {SEC(2008) 149} {SEC(2008) 150} /* COM/2008/0067 final*/
11.
Müller S (2006) Die Grundlagen der europäischen Migrationspolitik. Jahrbuch Menschenrechte 2007
12.
13.
14.
Federal Foreign Office (2012) The ‘Zunkunftsgruppe’ of Foreign Ministers. On the initiative of the former Foreign Minister Westerwelle met some EU foreign ministers to discuss their ideas for the future of Europe. The Foreign Ministers met for the first time in March 2012, the so-called ‘Zunkunftsgruppe’ (equivalent to Future Group Think Tank)—an informal forum for discussion—in an interim report outlining their ideas of the current challenges and the future of Europe. https://​www.​eu-infothek.​com/​article/​die-reflexions-oder-zukunftsgruppe-und-ihre-europa-plaene. Accessed 10 Jan 2017
15.
16.
Möllers R (2010) Wirksamkeit und Effektivität der Europäischen Agentur Frontex
17.
18.
19.
De Boer K (2010) Frontex: Der falsche Adressat für ein wichtiges Anliegen. Kriminologisches J. Jg 42, H 3
20.
21.
Strondl R (2011) Die Europäische Grenzschutzagentur FRONTEX—More opportunities than risks to fundamental rights in European border management? Master thesis
22.
23.
24.
25.
Neal AW (2009) Securitization and risk at the EU border. J Common Market Stud 47(2):348 et seqq
26.
27.
28.
Neal AW (2009) Securitization and risk at the EU border. J Common Market Stud 47(2):333–356
29.
30.
Sergio (2007) The EU border management strategy. Frontex and the challenges of irregular immigration in the Canary Islands. Centre for European Policy Studies, No. 261, 22 March 2007, p 10 et seqq
31.
Metadaten
Titel
Frontex—The EU Border Management and Coast Guard Agency
verfasst von
Johann Wagner
Copyright-Jahr
2021
Buch
Border Management in Transformation

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-62727-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-62728-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2021

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62728-7_10