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2020 | Buch

Women, Peace and Security: A Global Agenda in the Making Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Gender Roles in Peace and Security

Prevent, Protect, Participate

herausgegeben von: Manuela Scheuermann, Anja Zürn

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This volume examines the specific gender roles in peace and security. The authors analyse the implementation process of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 in various countries and discuss systemic challenges concerning the Women, Peace and Security agenda. Through in-depth case studies, the authors shed new light on topics such as the gender-related mechanisms of peace processes, gender training practices for police personnel, and the importance of violence prevention. The volume studies the role of women in peace and security as well as questions of gender mainstreaming by adopting various theoretical concepts, including feminist theories, concepts of masculinity, organizational and security studies. It also highlights regional and transnational approaches for the implementation of the Women, Peace and Security agenda, namely the perspectives of the European Union, NATO, the UN bureaucracy and the civil society. It presents best cases and political advice for tackling the problem of gender inequality in peace and security.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Women, Peace and Security: A Global Agenda in the Making
Abstract
The disastrous consequences for the rights and physical and psychological protection of women during the wars of the 1990s, primarily in Somalia, Rwanda and Ex-Yugoslavia, shifted the focus of the United Nations (UN) Security Council towards human security and the protection of women. Due to advocating by women’s groups like the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) and strong impulses from the 1995 Fourth Conference on Women in Beijing to include gender mainstreaming perspectives in all UN peace operations, the UN Security Council put gender in peace and security, especially the role of women, on its agenda.
Manuela Scheuermann

Gender Roles in Peace and Security

Frontmatter
From Sex and Gender to Intersectional Approaches? UN-Written Identities of Local Women in Participation and Protection Discourses
Abstract
The study aims to explore the identities of women in the framework of the protection and participation discourses by the United Nations Security Council. Even though women play several roles, such as peace negotiators, mediators, and victims, a narrowing of the discourse often happens. Zürn points out that an intersectional approach allows us to understand and analyse the interwoven nature of social categories, which shape one’s identity. Through a poststructural analysis of several UN Security Council Resolutions on the Women, Peace and Security Agenda, the writing of women’s roles will be deconstructed. The fact that women are only partially written as multifaceted actors with overlapping identities contributes to their lack of participation on an equal footing, even though Security Council Resolutions show indirect references to intersectional approaches.
Anja Zürn
Peace Processes: Business as Usual?
Abstract
Despite international frameworks such as the WPS agenda that promotes women’s inclusion and full participation, the structure of peace processes and the power dynamics they reflect continues to drive women’s de facto exclusion from them. While there is literature problematising women’s exclusion from formal peace processes, little knowledge exists on the more hidden and informal processes that drive these gendered exclusions. This article builds on the IR literature by also drawing insights from business and management literature—a sector which has advanced more rapidly than other sectors in acknowledging and breaking down the barriers to women’s advancement.
Based on interviews with people active in peace processes, this article indicates that male “homosociality” is expressed in how competence is defined and in access to informal meetings, which play a role in reproducing men’s overrepresentation in peace processes.
Emma Bjertén-Günther
Organisational Masculinity and Gender Norms: The Case of the UNDPKO
Abstract
Manuela Scheuermann identifies institutionalised masculinities as persistent dominant influence in modelling roles in peace and security. Utilising the example of the United Nations Peace Operations Department (UNDPO), she explores if and why the internal and informal norms and practices of this bureaucracy remain ungendered. She forms a theoretical framework based on three concepts of institutionalism: the work of Barnett and Finnemore on organisational authority, Lipson’s ideas of organised hypocrisy and Hanrieder’s approach to organisational path dependency.
Manuela Scheuermann
Peacebuilding Measures and the Transformation of Masculinities: Looking at Liberia and Uganda
Abstract
Messerschmidt and Quest trace the potential for transformation of violence-centred masculinities in Liberia and Uganda as a result of post-conflict peacebuilding. First, they suggest a practice-theoretical framework that enables them to distinguish between violent and non-violent configurations of masculinity at different analytical levels. They then scrutinise disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR), security sector reforms (SSR) and transitional justice in Liberia and Uganda to assess their potential to transform violence-centred masculinities. In both cases, they see good reason to assume that peacebuilding measures have contributed to the transformation of masculinities, albeit more profoundly so in Liberia than in Uganda. By identifying relevant practices in all three programmes, they contribute to both the academic and practical knowledge concerning post-conflict peacebuilding measures.
Maike Messerschmidt, Hendrik Quest

Implementation of Women, Peace and Security

Frontmatter
Centring War’s “Side Effects”: The Institutionalisation of Conflict-Related Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in International Law and Its Translation into National Action Plans
Abstract
Popovic and Antonakis outline the political and legal approaches to prevent and respond to conflict-related sexual violence in context. The two authors guide the reader through existing human rights law and humanitarian and international criminal law but also national implementation strategies. Based on a comparative analysis of existing national action plans on United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325, this chapter highlights entry points as well as good practices and lessons learned on how to address CRSV more effectively at the national and international level drawing from feminist scholarship in international relations and the concept of militarised masculinities. Therewith, Antonakis and Popovic combine feminist academic legal, social and political research with practical implementation efforts, looking back at the development and implementation of the women, peace and security agenda in the past two decades.
Nicola Popovic, Anna Antonakis
Gender Training for Police Peacekeepers: Where Are We Now?
Abstract
This article examines gender training of police deployed to UN peace operations. It describes the role of the police component in contemporary peace operations, developments in UN approaches to gender equality and adult learning methods. Comparing gender dimensions in four selected training courses for police peacekeepers, it finds that while important policies, guidelines and training approaches to gender have emerged, the effectiveness of gender training appears to be undermined by failure to make training more fully learner-centred and innovative, the divergence between declared UN values and practice, particularly with regard to gender equality and the prohibition against sexual exploitation and abuse, and weak monitoring and evaluation of training.
Marina Caparini
Mainstreaming Gender in European Union Transitional Justice Policy: Towards a Transformative Approach?
Abstract
The European Parliament awarded its prestigious Sakharov Prize in October 2016 to two Iraqi Yazidi women who were held as sex slaves by Islamic State militias. Some months before, the ICC issued its landmark conviction of Jean Pierre Bemba for his responsibility as commander-in-chief for sexual and gender-based violence carried out by his troops in the Central African Republic in May 2016. Both events are evidence of the increasing awareness at the EU, and internationally, of the need to amplify women’s experiences of violence and their claims to justice. In Guatemala, for example, a court recently convicted two former military officers of crimes against humanity for having enslaved, raped and sexually abused 11 indigenous Q’eqchi’ women at the Sepur Zarco military base during the armed conflict in Guatemala.
María Martín de Almagro
Women, Peace and Security Organisations: Gender Norms and NATO
Abstract
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), as security organisation, plays a key role in mainstreaming gender policies not only because the organisation itself is characterised by hegemonic masculinity and operates in a hyper-masculine environment but also because international organisations are central actors in norm creation and implementation. Wüstemann gives an overview of NATO’s previous activities in implementing gender norms at both institutional and policy levels and within NATO’s International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan to show how NATO is interpreting gender mainstreaming on its different levels.
Nina Wüstemann
Civil Society and Its Role Within UNSCR 1325 National Action Plans
Abstract
Jonjić-Beitter, Stadler and Tietgen trace the role that states assign to civil society with regard to the genesis, implementation as well as the monitoring and evaluation of their respective UNSCR 1325 National Action Plans (NAPs). Following ten clearly defined indicators, they analyse 96 NAPs from 64 countries and shed light on the manifold ways civil society is included in the documents—in a specific, nonspecific or highly specific manner. The descriptive analysis raises questions about the importance of civil society to be included in NAPs in order to fully implement UNSCR 1325 and the WPS agenda and lays the ground for further research aimed at giving recommendations for the development of inclusive NAPs that synchronise state and civil society efforts.
Andrea Jonjić-Beitter, Hanna Stadler, Flora Tietgen

A Call for Action

Frontmatter
For a Foreign Policy Based on Human Rights and Gender Equality: The Need for Action by the German Foreign Office on Implementation of the “Women, Peace and Security” Agenda
Abstract
Böhme, Heinlein and Kappert address German foreign policy decision-makers appealing to implement the women, peace and security agenda. From their perspective, the agenda must be substantially embedded within the German Foreign Office to—among other things—ensure policy coherence at all levels. Highlighting the current political momentum as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, Germany could decisively further the implementation of the agenda.
Jeannette Böhme, Anica Heinlein, Ines Kappert
Conclusion
Abstract
The conclusion offers significant insights into the growing institutionalisation of the women, peace and security agenda. Basu highlights key findings of this volume and suggests some avenues for future research. These should help advance the debate in this hotly contested policy field.
Soumita Basu
Metadaten
Titel
Gender Roles in Peace and Security
herausgegeben von
Manuela Scheuermann
Anja Zürn
Copyright-Jahr
2020
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
Electronic ISBN
978-3-030-21890-4
Print ISBN
978-3-030-21889-8
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21890-4

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