Skip to main content

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. Gendering the Screenwriter

verfasst von : Natalie Wreyford

Erschienen in: Gender Inequality in Screenwriting Work

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This chapter examines the way that women are limited in their ability to even take up the subject position of screenwriter. Looking at the way screenwriting is discursively positioned reveals perceptions and expectations about the role that will be explored in more detail in subsequent chapters. Recurring in the talk of film workers is a belief in special creative individuals and meritocracy, the combination of which ensures that the status quo is upheld. Contradictory discourses around creative collaboration and homophily are also ubiquitous but curiously less hegemonic. Analysing the discursive work being done in the talk of film workers reveals that some discourses on screenwriting work are more readily acknowledged than others. To explain this, progress narratives that insist ‘things are getting better’ are unpacked to show how talk actually upholds gender inequality.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
Joanne Rowling is the author of the hugely successful ‘Harry Potter’ novels (Rowling, J. K. 1997. Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, London, Bloomsbury).
 
2
Diablo Cody is the screenwriter of films including Juno and Young Adult (both directed by Jason Reitman 2007 and 2011, respectively).
 
3
Fish Tank is a multiple-award-winning, low-budget, coming-of-age story written and directed by British filmmaker Andrea Arnold (2009).
 
4
Danny Boyle is the director of films such as Trainspotting (1996), Slumdog Millionaire (2008), and 28 Days Later (2002).
 
5
Frank Cotterall Boyce is the screenwriter of films such as Welcome to Sarajevo (1997) and The Claim (2000, both directed by Michael Winterbottom), and Hilary and Jackie (directed by Anand Tucker 1998). He worked with Danny Boyle on Millions (2004) and the London 2012 Olympic Games Opening Ceremony.
 
6
David O. Russell is an American writer-director. His films include American Hustle (2013), Silver Lining’s Playbook (2012), and Joy (2015).
 
7
St Paul’s Girls School is an independent school in West London. Fees are currently between £7000 and £9000 per term. Their website is www.​spgs.​org
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Amabile, Teresa M. 1983. The social psychology of creativity: A componential conceptualization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 45 (2): 357.CrossRef Amabile, Teresa M. 1983. The social psychology of creativity: A componential conceptualization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 45 (2): 357.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Arnold, Andrea. 2009. Director Fish Tank. Screenwriter: Andrea Arnold: IFC Films. Arnold, Andrea. 2009. Director Fish Tank. Screenwriter: Andrea Arnold: IFC Films.
Zurück zum Zitat Banks, Mark. 2017. Creative justice: Cultural industries, work and inequality. London: Pickering & Chatto Publishers. Banks, Mark. 2017. Creative justice: Cultural industries, work and inequality. London: Pickering & Chatto Publishers.
Zurück zum Zitat Becker, Howard Saul. 1974. Art as collective action. American Sociological Review 39 (6): 767–776.CrossRef Becker, Howard Saul. 1974. Art as collective action. American Sociological Review 39 (6): 767–776.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat ———. 1982. Art worlds. London: University of California Press. ———. 1982. Art worlds. London: University of California Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Billig, Michael, Susan Condor, Derek Edwards, Mike Gane, David Middleton, and Alan Radley, eds. 1988. Ideological dilemmas: A social psychology of everyday thinking. London: Sage. Billig, Michael, Susan Condor, Derek Edwards, Mike Gane, David Middleton, and Alan Radley, eds. 1988. Ideological dilemmas: A social psychology of everyday thinking. London: Sage.
Zurück zum Zitat Bourdieu, Pierre, and Loïc Wacquant. 1992. An invitation to reflexive sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Bourdieu, Pierre, and Loïc Wacquant. 1992. An invitation to reflexive sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Boyle, Danny. 1996. Director. Trainspotting. Screenwriter: John Hodge: Film 4. Boyle, Danny. 1996. Director. Trainspotting. Screenwriter: John Hodge: Film 4.
Zurück zum Zitat ———. 2002. Director. 28 Days Later. Screenwriter: Alex Garland: 20th Century Fox. ———. 2002. Director. 28 Days Later. Screenwriter: Alex Garland: 20th Century Fox.
Zurück zum Zitat ———. 2004. Director. Millions. Screenwriter: Frank Cottrell Boyce: Fox Searchlight. ———. 2004. Director. Millions. Screenwriter: Frank Cottrell Boyce: Fox Searchlight.
Zurück zum Zitat ———. 2008. Director. Slumdog Millionaire. Screenwriter: Simon Beaufoy: Warner Bros, Film 4. ———. 2008. Director. Slumdog Millionaire. Screenwriter: Simon Beaufoy: Warner Bros, Film 4.
Zurück zum Zitat ———. 2012. Director. London 2012 Olympic Opening Ceremony: Isles of wonder. Screenwriters: Danny Boyle, Frank Cottrell Boyce: BBC. ———. 2012. Director. London 2012 Olympic Opening Ceremony: Isles of wonder. Screenwriters: Danny Boyle, Frank Cottrell Boyce: BBC.
Zurück zum Zitat Conor, Bridget. 2010. Everybody’s a writer theorizing screenwriting as creative labour. Journal of Screenwriting 1 (1): 27–43.CrossRef Conor, Bridget. 2010. Everybody’s a writer theorizing screenwriting as creative labour. Journal of Screenwriting 1 (1): 27–43.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Del Toro, Guillermo. 2013. Director Pacific Rim. Screenwriters: Travis Beacham, Guillermo del Toro. Warner Brothers. Del Toro, Guillermo. 2013. Director Pacific Rim. Screenwriters: Travis Beacham, Guillermo del Toro. Warner Brothers.
Zurück zum Zitat Edley, Nigel, and Margaret Wetherell. 2001. Jekyll and Hyde: Men’s constructions of feminism and feminists. Feminism & Psychology 11: 439–457.CrossRef Edley, Nigel, and Margaret Wetherell. 2001. Jekyll and Hyde: Men’s constructions of feminism and feminists. Feminism & Psychology 11: 439–457.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Everingham, Christine, Deborah Stevenson, and Penny Warner-Smith. 2007. ‘Things are getting better all the time’? Challenging the narrative of women’s progress from a generational perspective. Sociology 41 (3): 419–437.CrossRef Everingham, Christine, Deborah Stevenson, and Penny Warner-Smith. 2007. ‘Things are getting better all the time’? Challenging the narrative of women’s progress from a generational perspective. Sociology 41 (3): 419–437.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Florida, Richard. 2002. The rise of the creative class. New York: Basic Books. Florida, Richard. 2002. The rise of the creative class. New York: Basic Books.
Zurück zum Zitat Francke, Lizzie. 1994. Script girls: Women screenwriters in Hollywood. London: British Film Institute. Francke, Lizzie. 1994. Script girls: Women screenwriters in Hollywood. London: British Film Institute.
Zurück zum Zitat Franks, Suzanne. 1999. Having none of it: Women, men and the future of work. London: Granta. Franks, Suzanne. 1999. Having none of it: Women, men and the future of work. London: Granta.
Zurück zum Zitat Gill, Rosalind. 2000. Justifying injustice: Broadcasters’ accounts of inequality in radio. In Discourse analytic research, ed. E. Burman and I. Parker. London: Routledge. Gill, Rosalind. 2000. Justifying injustice: Broadcasters’ accounts of inequality in radio. In Discourse analytic research, ed. E. Burman and I. Parker. London: Routledge.
Zurück zum Zitat ———. 2007. Postfeminist media culture: Elements of a sensibility. European Journal of Cultural Studies 10 (2): 147–166.CrossRef ———. 2007. Postfeminist media culture: Elements of a sensibility. European Journal of Cultural Studies 10 (2): 147–166.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat ———. 2014. Unspeakable inequalities: Post feminism, entrepreneurial subjectivity, and the repudiation of sexism among cultural workers. Social Politics 21 (4): 509–528.CrossRef ———. 2014. Unspeakable inequalities: Post feminism, entrepreneurial subjectivity, and the repudiation of sexism among cultural workers. Social Politics 21 (4): 509–528.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gill, Rosalind, and Shani Orgad. 2015. The confidence cult(ure). Australian Feminist Studies 30 (86): 324–344.CrossRef Gill, Rosalind, and Shani Orgad. 2015. The confidence cult(ure). Australian Feminist Studies 30 (86): 324–344.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hall, Elaine. 1993. Waitering/waitressing. Gender & Society 7: 329–346.CrossRef Hall, Elaine. 1993. Waitering/waitressing. Gender & Society 7: 329–346.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ibarra, Herminia. 1992. Homophily and differential returns: Sex differences in network structure and access in an advertising firm. Administrative Science Quarterly 37: 422–447.CrossRef Ibarra, Herminia. 1992. Homophily and differential returns: Sex differences in network structure and access in an advertising firm. Administrative Science Quarterly 37: 422–447.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kelan, Elisabeth. 2008. Gender, risk and employment insecurity: The masculine breadwinner subtext. Human Relations 61: 1171–1202.CrossRef Kelan, Elisabeth. 2008. Gender, risk and employment insecurity: The masculine breadwinner subtext. Human Relations 61: 1171–1202.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat ———. 2009. Performing gender at work. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. ———. 2009. Performing gender at work. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
Zurück zum Zitat Leidner, Robin. 1991. Serving hamburgers and selling insurance: Gender, work, and identity in interactive service jobs. Gender & Society 5 (2): 154–177.CrossRef Leidner, Robin. 1991. Serving hamburgers and selling insurance: Gender, work, and identity in interactive service jobs. Gender & Society 5 (2): 154–177.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Liff, Sonia, and Ivy Cameron. 1997. Changing equality cultures to move beyond ‘women’s problems’. Gender, Work & Organization 4 (1): 35–46.CrossRef Liff, Sonia, and Ivy Cameron. 1997. Changing equality cultures to move beyond ‘women’s problems’. Gender, Work & Organization 4 (1): 35–46.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Littler, Jo. 2017. Against meritocracy: Culture, power and myths of mobility. Oxfordshire: Routledge.CrossRef Littler, Jo. 2017. Against meritocracy: Culture, power and myths of mobility. Oxfordshire: Routledge.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McRobbie, Angela. 2002. Holloway to Hollywood: Happiness at work in the cultural economy. In Cultural economy: Cultural analysis and commercial life, ed. Paul Du Gay and Michael Pryke, 97–114. London: Sage. McRobbie, Angela. 2002. Holloway to Hollywood: Happiness at work in the cultural economy. In Cultural economy: Cultural analysis and commercial life, ed. Paul Du Gay and Michael Pryke, 97–114. London: Sage.
Zurück zum Zitat ———. 2007. Top girls? Young women and the post-feminist sexual contract. Cultural Studies 21 (4–5): 718–737.CrossRef ———. 2007. Top girls? Young women and the post-feminist sexual contract. Cultural Studies 21 (4–5): 718–737.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Nixon, Sean. 2003. Advertising cultures: Gender, commerce, creativity. London: Sage.CrossRef Nixon, Sean. 2003. Advertising cultures: Gender, commerce, creativity. London: Sage.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Porter, Sam. 1992. Women in a women’s job: The gendered experience of nurses. Sociology of Health & Illness 14: 510–527.CrossRef Porter, Sam. 1992. Women in a women’s job: The gendered experience of nurses. Sociology of Health & Illness 14: 510–527.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Potter, Jonathan, and Margaret Wetherell. 1987. Discourse and social psychology: Beyond attitudes and behaviour. London: Sage. Potter, Jonathan, and Margaret Wetherell. 1987. Discourse and social psychology: Beyond attitudes and behaviour. London: Sage.
Zurück zum Zitat Reitman, Jason. 2007. Director: Juno. Screenwriter: Diablo Cody: Fox Searchlight. Reitman, Jason. 2007. Director: Juno. Screenwriter: Diablo Cody: Fox Searchlight.
Zurück zum Zitat ———. 2011. Director: Young Adult. Screenwriter: Diablo Cody: Paramount Pictures. ———. 2011. Director: Young Adult. Screenwriter: Diablo Cody: Paramount Pictures.
Zurück zum Zitat Rowling, J.K. 1997. Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone. London: Bloomsbury. Rowling, J.K. 1997. Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone. London: Bloomsbury.
Zurück zum Zitat Russell, David O. 2012. Director. Silver Linings Playbook. 2012. Screenwriter: David O. Russell: Weinstein Company. Russell, David O. 2012. Director. Silver Linings Playbook. 2012. Screenwriter: David O. Russell: Weinstein Company.
Zurück zum Zitat ———. 2013. Director. American Hustle. Screenwriters: Eric Warren Singer, David O. Russell: Columbia Pictures. ———. 2013. Director. American Hustle. Screenwriters: Eric Warren Singer, David O. Russell: Columbia Pictures.
Zurück zum Zitat ———. 2015. Director. Joy. 2015. Screenwriter: David O. Russell: Fox 2000 Pictures. ———. 2015. Director. Joy. 2015. Screenwriter: David O. Russell: Fox 2000 Pictures.
Zurück zum Zitat Scharff, Christina. 2012. Repudiating feminism: Young women in a neoliberal world. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Scharff, Christina. 2012. Repudiating feminism: Young women in a neoliberal world. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
Zurück zum Zitat St Jean, Yanick, and Joe R. Feagin. 2015. Double burden: Black women and everyday racism. London/New York: Routledge.CrossRef St Jean, Yanick, and Joe R. Feagin. 2015. Double burden: Black women and everyday racism. London/New York: Routledge.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Taylor, Stephanie. 2011. Negotiating oppositions and uncertainties: Gendered conflicts in creative identity work. Feminism & Psychology 21 (3): 354–371.CrossRef Taylor, Stephanie. 2011. Negotiating oppositions and uncertainties: Gendered conflicts in creative identity work. Feminism & Psychology 21 (3): 354–371.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Taylor, Stephanie, and Karen Littleton. 2006. Biographies in talk: A narrative-discursive research approach. Qualitative Sociology Review 2 (1): 22–38. Taylor, Stephanie, and Karen Littleton. 2006. Biographies in talk: A narrative-discursive research approach. Qualitative Sociology Review 2 (1): 22–38.
Zurück zum Zitat ———. 2012. Contemporary identities of creativity and creative work. Oxfordshire: Routledge. ———. 2012. Contemporary identities of creativity and creative work. Oxfordshire: Routledge.
Zurück zum Zitat Tucker, Anand. 1998. Director. Hilary and Jackie. Screenwriter: Frank Cottrell Boyce: Film 4. Tucker, Anand. 1998. Director. Hilary and Jackie. Screenwriter: Frank Cottrell Boyce: Film 4.
Zurück zum Zitat Wetherell, Margaret. 1998. Positioning and interpretative repertoires: Conversation analysis and post-structuralism in dialogue. Discourse & Society 9 (3): 387–412.CrossRef Wetherell, Margaret. 1998. Positioning and interpretative repertoires: Conversation analysis and post-structuralism in dialogue. Discourse & Society 9 (3): 387–412.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Winterbottom, Michael. 1997. Director Welcome to Sarajevo. Screenwriter: Frank Cottrell Boyce: Miramax. Winterbottom, Michael. 1997. Director Welcome to Sarajevo. Screenwriter: Frank Cottrell Boyce: Miramax.
Zurück zum Zitat ———. 2000. Director. The Claim. 2000. Screenwriter: Frank Cottrell Boyce: BBC Films. ———. 2000. Director. The Claim. 2000. Screenwriter: Frank Cottrell Boyce: BBC Films.
Metadaten
Titel
Gendering the Screenwriter
verfasst von
Natalie Wreyford
Copyright-Jahr
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95732-6_2