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Erschienen in:
The Beginnings of the European Union and Overview of the Book Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

12. General Motors in Spain, 1925–2017

verfasst von : A. J. Jacobs

Erschienen in: The Automotive Industry and European Integration

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

In this chapter, begins with a review of GM’s small pre-World War II Barcelona plant, which was captured during the Spanish Civil War in 1936 by anti-fascist forces. The remainder of the chapter examines GM’s Opel Zaragoza, which opened 46 years later. The final section discusses the American automaker’s exit from Spain and Europe via its sale of Opel/Vauxhall to PSA in 2017.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Ford Motor in Spain
Nächstes Kapitel Renault Valladolid and Palencia
Fußnoten
1
GM (1926–1933); Bloomfield (1978); Catalan (2013); Fourie (2016); Spain (2017–2018).
 
2
Ibid.
 
3
Reuters (1975); WSJ (1979).
 
4
AP (1979); Jones (1979); Markham (1979); New York Times (1979); Lewis (1982).
 
5
Ibid.
 
6
Stuart (1980); WSJ (1980); Gooding (1982); Lewis (1982); an official inauguration ceremony followed on November 5, 1982.
 
7
Ward’s (1956–2018); Gooding (1982, 1983); Lewis (1982); Tagliabue (1982).
 
8
Ward’s (1956–2018); Gooding (1982, 1983); Spain (2017–2018).
 
9
Ward’s (1956–2018); Delaney (1987); Schlesinger and White (1988); Spain (2017–2018).
 
10
Bloomberg News (1992); Ward’s (1956–2018); GME (2001–2009).
 
11
Ward’s (1956–2018); Ingrassia and White (1995); Reed (2009); Jacobs (2017).
 
12
Again, introduced on January 1, 1999, euro notes were not put into circulation until January 1, 2002.
 
13
GME (2001–2009); Jacobs (2017); Spain (2017–2018).
 
14
Ibid.
 
15
Ibid.
 
16
Ward’s (1956–2018); GME (2001–2009); GM (2009); Opel (2010–2018); Spain (2017–2018).
 
17
Dash and Bajaj (2008); St. Louis Business Journal (2008); GM (2009).
 
18
Ward’s (1956–2018); Jacobs (2016).
 
19
Cimilluca (2009); Dougherty (2009a, b).
 
20
Ward’s (1956–2018); Jacobs (2016); Spain (2017–2018).
 
21
Jacobs (2016); Belgium (2017–2018); Spain (2017–2018).
 
22
Ibid.; for more details and sources on Opel’s sale, see Chap. 5.
 
23
Ibid.
 
24
Ibid.
 
25
Ibid.
 
26
Ibid.
 
27
Ibid.
 
28
Ward’s (1956–2018); GME (2001–2009).
 
29
Jolly (2010); Belgium (2017–2018); Spain (2017–2018).
 
30
Jolly (2010); Opel (2010–2018); Belgium (2017–2018).
 
31
Ward’s (1956–2018); Jacobs (2016, 2017); Spain (2017–2018).
 
32
Ibid.
 
33
Palacios (2013); Panait (2013); Shirouzu and Jin (2013).
 
34
ANE (2013); Colias (2013); GM (2013); McVeigh (2013b).
 
35
Opel (2010–2018); Ewing (2012); McVeigh (2013a); GM (2014); Reuters (2014); Spain (2017–2018).
 
36
Opel (2010–2018, 2016); ANE (2013); GM (2014, 2017); Spain (2017–2018).
 
37
Opel (2010–2018); Palacios (2016a).
 
38
Opel (2010–2018); Jolley (2016); Palacios (2016b).
 
39
Automotive News (2017); Ciferri (2017); Frost and Taylor (2017); Tobin (2017).
 
40
Opel (2010–2018); Spain (2017–2018); Taylor (2017).
 
41
Ward’s (1956–2018); Citroen (2017); Luft (2017); Opel (2017); Schuetze and Kar-Gupt (2017); PSA (2018).
 
42
Opel (2010–2018); Jolley (2017); Palacios (2017); Taylor (2017); ANE (2018).
 
43
Opel (2017); Taylor (2017); PSA (2018).
 
44
Ward’s (1956–2018); Jacobs (2017); Sigal (2017); Hetz (2018); PSA (2018).
 
Literatur
AP (1979) G.M-Spain Pact Reported. New York Times, 6 June, D2.
Belgium (2017–2018) Author Site Visits, Factory Tours, and Correspondents with Government Officials, Firm Representatives, and Academics in Belgium, 15 March 2017 to 3 September 2018.
Bloomberg News (1992) G.M. in Talks on Plant in Basque Area. New York Times, 11 July, 35.
Bloomfield G (1978) The World Automotive Industry (North Pomfret, VT. David & Charles, Inc.).
Catalan J (2013) The Barcelona Cluster: Hub Firms and Business Cycles in Spain’s Automotive Industry District 1889-2012. Automotive History Review, 55 (Autumn), 12–23.
Cimilluca D (2009) Belgian Firm Set Sights on GM’s Opel. Wall Street Journal, 13 May, B2.
Dash E and V Bajaj (2008) GMAC Easily Wins Bank Vote. New York Times, 25 December, B1, B4.
Delaney P (1987) Labor Strife Grows for G.M. in Spain. New York Times, 8 June, D1, D8.
Dougherty C (2009a) Germany’s Leader in Hot Seat over G.M. Aid Request. New York Times, 6 March, A8.
Dougherty C (2009b) To Opel Bid by Magna. New York Times, 27 May, B7.
Ewing J (2012) To Contain Losses, Opel Announces it will Close a German Plant. New York Times, 11 December, B2.
Fourie L (2016) On a Global Mission: The Automobiles of General Motors International, Volume 3 (Friesen Press: Victoria, BC).
GM (1926–1933) Annual Report of the General Motors Corporation, 1925 to 1932 (Detroit; GM).
GM (2009) General Motors Corporation: Annual Report for Year Ending December 31, 2008 (Detroit: GM).
GM (2014) Opel Mokka Rolls of the Production Line in Zaragoza, 12 December, http://​media.​gm.​com/​media/​intl/​en/​opel/​news.​detail.​html/​content/​Pages/​news/​intl/​en/​2014/​opel/​09-12-mokka-production-zaragoza.​html, last 11 September 2018.
GME (2001–2009) GM in Europe: Overview/Facts & Figures, 2000 to 2008 (Russelsheim: GM Europe Communications).
Gooding K (1982) GM’s Europe-wide Challenge. Financial Times, 28 September, 16.
Gooding K (1983) Corsa Helps GM Forge Ahead in Europe. Financial Times, 19 May, 23.
Ingrassia P and J White (1995) Comeback: The Fall and Rise of the American Automobile Industry (New York: Touchstone).
Jacobs A J (2016) The ‘New Domestic’ Automakers in the U.S. and Canada: History, Impacts, and Prospects (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books).
Jacobs A J (2017) Automotive FDI in Emerging Europe: Shifting Locales in the Motor Vehicle Industry (London: Palgrave Macmillan).
Jolly D (2010) G.M. Starts Revamp in Europe by Closing an Opel Plant. New York Times, 22 January, B8.
Jones B (1979) Business Envoy List Spain’s Needs. New York Times, 20 November, D4.
Lewis P (1982) Europe’s Fierce Auto Rivalry. New York Times, 23 December, D1, D9.
Markham, J (1979) Spain Besieged by Foreign Investments. New York Times, 9 July, D1, D5.
New York Times (1979) Race is on to Overtake Ford, 9 July, D1.
Opel (2010–2018) Opel in Europe Facts and Figures: Year in Review, for 2009–2017 (Russelsheim, Germany: Opel Corporate Communications).
Reed J (2009) Opel’s Threatened Plants are More Efficient than German Factories. Financial Times, 26 September, 1.
Reuters (1975) G.M. Halt Bid for Authi in Spain. New York Times, 7 February, 45.
Sclesinger J and J White (1988) Shrinking Giant: The New-Model GM Will be Compact but More Profitable. Wall Street Journal, 6 June, 1, 6.
Spain (2017–2018) Author Site Visits, Car Factory Tours, and Correspondents with Firm Representatives in Spain, 28 March 2017 to 18 September 2018.
Stuart R (1980) G.M. Plans to Expand Parts Capacity in Europe. New York Times, 21 February, D1, D9.
Tagliabue J (1982) New Models Stress Change: A European Push by G.M. and Ford. New York Times, 19 October, D1, D28.
Ward’s (1956–2018) Ward’s Automotive Yearbook, 1956 to 2018 (Detroit: Ward’s Communications).
WSJ (1979) GM is Holding Talks on Possibly Building Facilities in Spain. Wall Street Journal, 12 January, 21.
WSJ (1980) GM Gives Locations of 5 Auto Parts Plants it will Build in Europe. Wall Street Journal, 21 February, 21.
Metadaten
Titel
General Motors in Spain, 1925–2017
verfasst von
A. J. Jacobs
Copyright-Jahr
2019
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
Buch
The Automotive Industry and European Integration

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-17430-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-17431-6

Copyright-Jahr: 2019

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17431-6_12

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