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2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. General Motors in Belgium

verfasst von : A. J. Jacobs

Erschienen in: The Automotive Industry and European Integration

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter chronicles GM’s history in Belgium beginning with its three small pre-World War II assembly warehouses near Antwerp’s city center. It then focuses on the American automaker’s Noorderlaan-1 and Noorderlaan-2 factories, the latter of which unexpectedly closed its doors at the Port of Antwerp’s Churchill Docks on December 15, 2010. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of General Motors’ exiting of Europe through the sale of its Opel/Vauxhall assets to PSA Peugeot Citroen of France in 2017.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Ford Motor in Belgium

Nächstes Kapitel A History of Renault Haren-Vilvoorde

WSJ (1924); GME (2001–2009); GM (2005); Wernle (2008), GM Belgium (2010); Fourie (2016); Jacobs (2017); the original Berlin plant was in the city’s Wittenau ortsteil (district), but by the end of that year GM had moved to a bigger plant in Berlin’s Borsigwalde district. Both are situated within the city’s present-day Reinickendorf bezirke (borough).

Ibid.

GM (2005); GM Belgium (2010).

Ibid.

AP (1928); Fourie (2016).

New York Times (1929); GM (2005); GM Belgium (2010); Jacobs (2017). In 1931, GM purchased Opel’s remaining 24% share.

New York Times (1935); GM (2005); GM Belgium (2010); Fourie (2016); Jacobs (2017).

Ibid.

GM Belgium (2010); Fourie (2016); Opel Belgium (2019).

AP (1965); Jones (1965); O’Toole (1965); Reuters (1965); Cook (1967); GM Belgium (2010); Belgium (2017–2018).

Ibid.

GM Belgium (2010); Opel Belgium (2019).

Ibid.

AP (1973); Halloran (1973); Smith (1973); Eder (1973); Reuters (1973).

GM Belgium (2010); Belgium (2017–2018); Opel Belgium (2019).

Ibid.

Bloomberg News (1997); GME (2001–2009); GM Belgium (2010); Belgium (2017–2018). The manufacture of car bodies and other components for the Vectra B continued in Antwerp until December 2002.

GME (2001–2009); Belgium (2017–2018).

GME (2001–2009); Fuhrmans (2009b); GM Belgium (2010); BBC (2012); Jacobs (2017); Opel Belgium (2019).

Burt (1999); GM Belgium (2010); Belgium (2017–2018).

GM (2003); GM Belgium (2010); Belgium (2017–2018).

English (2004); GM Belgium (2010); Belgium (2017–2018); Opel Belgium (2019).

Ward’s (1956–2018); GME (2001–2009); English (2004); Gow (2004); Knox (2004); GM Belgium (2010).

Dribbusch (2005); Landler (2005); Belgium (2017–2018).

Ibid.

GME (2001–2009); GM (2009): GM Belgium (2010); Belgium (2017–2018).

Bunkley (2006); GM Belgium (2010).

IHS Markit (2007); White and Power (2007); GM Belgium (2010); Belgium (2017–2018).

Ibid.

WSJ (2007, 2008); Belgium (2017–2018).

GME (2001–2009); GM (2009); GM Belgium (2010).

Ward’s (1956–2018); Dash and Bajaj (2008); St. Louis Business Journal (2008); GM (2009); Jacobs (2017).

Ward’s (1956–2018); Jacobs (2016).

Cimilluca (2009); Dougherty (2009a).

Ward’s (1956–2018); Dougherty (2009b); Jacobs (2016).

Ward’s (1956–2018); Kim and Lawder (2010); Belgium (2017–2018).

Buck (2009a); Dougherty (2009b); Walker and MacDonald (2009); GM Belgium (2010).

Dougherty (2009b); Jacobs (2016); Belgium (2017–2018).

Brenke et al. (2011); Belgium (2017–2018); Germany (2017).

Ibid.

Ho (2009); Rauwald (2009a, b); Belgium (2017–2018).

Buck (2009a, b); Fuhrmans (2009a, b); Maynard (2009); New York Times (2009); Reeds et al. (2009); Stoll and Fuhrmans (2009).

Fuhrmans (2009a); Rauwald and Bjork (2009).

Fuhrmans (2009a); Popa (2009); Rauwald and Bjork (2009); GM Belgium (2010).

Buck (2009a); Madslien (2009); Rauwald and Bjork (2009); Stoll et al. (2009); GM Belgium (2010).

Buck (2009b); Jolly and Dempsey (2009); Madslien (2009); Popa (2009); Stoll et al. (2009).

Fuhrmans (2009c); GM Belgium (2010).

Jolly and Dempsey (2009); Stoll et al. (2009).

Terlep and Stoll (2009); Fuhrmans and Rauwald (2010); GM Belgium (2010); Jolly (2010); Opel (2010–2018).

Fuhrmans and Rauwald (2010); GM Belgium (2010); Popa (2010); Rauwald (2010); Ewing (2012).

Bailey (2010); Flanders Today (2010); Belgium (2017–2018).

DeMorgen (2010); Rauwald (2010); Opel (2010–2018); Belgium (2017–2018).

Ward’s (1956–2018); Opel (2010–2018); Jacobs (2016, 2017); Belgium (2017–2018).

Ibid.

Opel (2010–2018); Ewing (2012); McVeigh (2013); Belgium (2017–2018).

Hope (2014); Belgium (2017–2018).

Automotive News (2017); Belgium (2017–2018); Frost and Taylor (2017); Tobin (2017).

Ibid.

Belgium (2017–2018); Antwerp (2018).

Antwerp (2018) Port of Antwerp Extends Request for Proposals for Churchill Site, 12 September, https://www.portofantwerp.com/nl/node/30230

AP (1928) General Motors Shifts Export Base. New York Times. 17 October, 43.

AP (1965) $100 Million Belgium Plant Weighed by GM. Los Angeles Times, 23 January, A7

AP (1973) Persian Gulf States Unilaterally Boost Crude Oil Prices 21%. Wall Street Journal, 17 October, 18.

Automotive News (2017) The GM-PSA Deal at a Glance. 6 March, http://www.autonews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20170306/OEM/170309860&template=print, last 23 October 2017.

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BBC (2012) Vauxhall’s Ellesmere Port to Build New Astra. BBC News Online, 12 May, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-18098657, last 11 October 2017.

Belgium (2017–2018) Author Site Visits, Factory Tours, and Correspondents with Government Officials, Firm Representatives, and Academics in Belgium, 15 March 2017 to 3 September 2018.

Bloomberg News (1997) Adam Opel to Cut 1,900 Jobs in Belgium. New York Times, October 17, D8

Brenke, K, U Rinne and K Zimmerman (2011) Short-Time Work: The German Answer to the Great Recession. IZA Discussion Paper Series, Number 5780.

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Buck J (2009b) GM’s Opel-Overhaul Plan Awaits Europe Assistance. Wall Street Journal, 18 November, B7.

Bunkley N (2006) G.M. to Add European Model to Saturn Line. New York Times, 8 December, C2.

Burt T (1999) Ford Unveils Volvo Reshuffle. The Financial Times, 1 April, 36.

Cimilluca D (2009) Belgian Firm Set Sights on GM’s Opel. Wall Street Journal, 13 May, B2.

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Dash E and V Bajaj (2008) GMAC Easily Wins Bank Vote. New York Times, 25 December, B1, B4.

Dougherty C (2009a) Germany’s Leader in Hot Seat over G.M. Aid Request. New York Times, 6 March, A8.

Dougherty C (2009b) To Opel Bid by Magna. New York Times, 27 May, B7.

Dribbusch, H (2005) New Deal at GM Germany to Safeguard Production until 2010. Eurofound, 10 April, https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/nl/observatories/eurwork/articles/new-deal-at-gm-germany-to-safeguard-production-until-2010, last 23 October 2017.

Eder R (1973) 4 More Arab Governments Bar Oil Supplies for U.S. New York Times, 22 October, 1, 20.

English S (2004) GM to Axe 12,000 Jobs in Europe Shake-up. London Daily Telegraph, 10 December, 34.

Ewing J (2012) To Contain Losses, Opel Announces it will Close a German Plant. New York Times, 11 December, B2.

Flanders Today (2010) GM Puts Opel Antwerp Plant on the Market. 25 August, http://www.flanderstoday.eu/current-affairs/gm-puts-opel-antwerp-plant-market, last 25 December 2018.

Fourie L (2016) On a Global Mission: The Automobiles of General Motors International, Volume 3 (Friesen Press: Victoria, BC).

Frost, L and E Taylor (2017) Update 2-PSA Buys Opel from GM, Sets recovery Goals. 6 March, WardsAuto.com, http://wardsauto.com/update-2-psa-buys-opel-gmsets-recovery-goals last 23 October 2017.

Fuhrmans V (2009a) GM’s Opel Sale Faces Fresh Uncertainty. Wall Street Journal, 29 September, B3.

Fuhrmans V (2009b) GM Near Opel Deal but Hurdles Remain. Wall Street Journal, 16 October, B3.

Fuhrmans V (2009c) Rift over Opel Aid to Drive EU Talks. Wall Street Journal, 23 November, A15.

Fuhrmans V and C Rauwald (2010) Opel to Shut Belgian Plant in Revamping. Wall Street Journal, 22 January, B3.

Germany (2017) How ‘Kurzabeit’ Works. German Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs.

GM (2003) The Heart of GM’s Global Manufacturing System. GM Corporate Newsroom, https://archives.media.gm.com/division/2003_prodinfo/03_corporate/03_Corporate_Manufacturing.pdf, last 13 October.

GM (2005) Nearly a Quarter of a Million Chevrolets Have Been Assembled in Europe. 27 January, http://media.gm.com/media/intl/en/chevrolet/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/intl/en/2005/chevrolet/01_26_Assembly_Europe.html, last 22 June 2017.

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GM Belgium (2010) Van Chevrolet Tot Opel Astra: De Geschiedenis Van General Motors Te Antwerpen (Antwerp: Colofon).

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Hope A (2014) Port of Antwerp Agrees to Buy Former Opel Site. Flanders Today. 15 April, http://www.flanderstoday.eu/business/port-antwerp-agrees-buy-former-opel-site, last 23 October 2017.

IHS Markit (2007) Opel Antwerp Loses Out on Next Astra Production Allocation, Strikes Begin. 4 April, https://www.ihs.com/country-industry-forecasting.html?ID=106598182, last 23 October 2017.

Jacobs A J (2016) The ‘New Domestic’ Automakers in the U.S. and Canada: History, Impacts, and Prospects (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books).

Jacobs A J (2017) Automotive FDI in Emerging Europe: Shifting Locales in the Motor Vehicle Industry (London: Palgrave Macmillan).CrossRef

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Jones D (1965) G.M. Confirms Belgian Project. New York Times, 15 February, 47, 52.

Knox N (2004) GM Restructuring to Cut up to 12,000 jobs in Europe. USA Today, 13 October, 1B.

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Titel: General Motors in Belgium
verfasst von: A. J. Jacobs
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: The Automotive Industry and European Integration
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-17430-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-17431-6

Copyright-Jahr: 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17431-6_5

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