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2014 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Gentrification

verfasst von : Johannes Fiedler

Erschienen in: Urbanisation, unlimited

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Gentrification is neither more nor less than the reconquista of the bourgeois city by the bourgeois. It produces brass doorplates and professionally landscaped front yards. Buildings solidify and surfaces become more durable. Proprietors replace tenants. But is there any other way to introduce capital into the life cycle of an urban neighbourhood? Does urban development allow any stable condition between desertification by affluence on one side and picturesque poverty on the other?

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Fußnoten
1
The term coined for the progressing transformation of New York’s Lower East Side (Smith and Williams 1986).
 
2
For Smith (1987), gentrification is essentially driven by an economic logic: in his theory of the rent-gap, he describes the situation in which the difference between the revenue of a property in the current situation and its potential rental revenue, given the central location and good access conditions, motivates investors and results in the eviction of current dwellers.
 
3
As Bruegmann (1996) points out, gentrification can hardly be described by statistical means. Early gentrifiers often have an income which is lower than that of the previous dwellers, and the decline in population numbers can be attributed both to decline and rise in affluence.
 
4
Lefebvre (1974).
 
5
“The urban parcel is above all a model of distribution. The primary message is that it does not serve the city well if urban land is controlled by one only, even if it is the state itself…. There should be at least a taming of property by market mechanisms, by competition among many and by the rights deducted from ownership guaranteed for those who are not owners…” (Hoffmann-Axthelm (1990), translation by the author).
 
6
Sieverts (1997) has identified this aspect as one of the reasons for the lack of cultural strategies for the space he named Zwischenstadt.
 
7
On the other hand, it must not be overlooked that tenant protection also raises the threshold for those seeking rental accommodation.
 
8
Wohlstandsverödung, in Fiedler (2004).
 
9
See Smith (1979) and London and Palen (1984).
 
10
Before reunification, residents of Berlin were not drafted for army service, which resulted in a particularly large young population.
 
11
Translated as builders collectives in Ring (2013).
 
12
One element of the Baugruppen mode is that site and building costs are shared by group members based on actual cost, instead of fixed-price arrangements with commercial developers. This mode allows saving on the developer’s profit but also entails the risks of unexpected building costs and that group members might drop out of the project.
 
13
Kees Christiaanse, in his opening speech for the Architecture Biennale Open City (Amsterdam, October 2, 2009): “The enemy of the open city is the open city itself: the self-destruction of diversity; gentrification, slumming, clotting….”
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Bruegmann R (1996) The American city. In: Cohen MA, Ruble BA, Tulchin JS, Garland AM (eds) Preparing for the urban future. The Woodrow Wilson Center Press, Washington, DC Bruegmann R (1996) The American city. In: Cohen MA, Ruble BA, Tulchin JS, Garland AM (eds) Preparing for the urban future. The Woodrow Wilson Center Press, Washington, DC
Zurück zum Zitat Fiedler J (2004) Urbanisierung, globale. Böhlau Verlag, Wien/Köln/Weimar Fiedler J (2004) Urbanisierung, globale. Böhlau Verlag, Wien/Köln/Weimar
Zurück zum Zitat Hoffmann-Axthelm D (1990) Warum Stadtplanung in Parzellen vor sich gehen muss; in: Bauwelt 48 Hoffmann-Axthelm D (1990) Warum Stadtplanung in Parzellen vor sich gehen muss; in: Bauwelt 48
Zurück zum Zitat Lefebvre H (1974) La Production d’Espace. English: The production of space. Blackwell, Malden, 1991 Lefebvre H (1974) La Production d’Espace. English: The production of space. Blackwell, Malden, 1991
Zurück zum Zitat London B, Palen J (1984) Gentrification, displacement, and neighborhood revitalization. State of New York Press, Albany London B, Palen J (1984) Gentrification, displacement, and neighborhood revitalization. State of New York Press, Albany
Zurück zum Zitat Ring K (2013) In: Senatsverwaltung Berlin (ed) Self made city. Jovis, Berlin Ring K (2013) In: Senatsverwaltung Berlin (ed) Self made city. Jovis, Berlin
Zurück zum Zitat Sieverts T (1997) Zwischenstadt; Bauwelt Fundamente 118. English: Cities without cities – an interpretation of the Zwischenstadt. Taylor and Francis, 2004 Sieverts T (1997) Zwischenstadt; Bauwelt Fundamente 118. English: Cities without cities – an interpretation of the Zwischenstadt. Taylor and Francis, 2004
Zurück zum Zitat Smith N (1979) Toward a theory of gentrification: a back to the city movement by capital, not people. J Am Plan Assoc 45(4):538–548CrossRef Smith N (1979) Toward a theory of gentrification: a back to the city movement by capital, not people. J Am Plan Assoc 45(4):538–548CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Smith N (1987) Gentrification and the rent-gap. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 77:462–465CrossRef Smith N (1987) Gentrification and the rent-gap. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 77:462–465CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Smith N, Williams P (1986) Gentrification of the city. Routledge, London Smith N, Williams P (1986) Gentrification of the city. Routledge, London
Metadaten
Titel
Gentrification
verfasst von
Johannes Fiedler
Copyright-Jahr
2014
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03587-1_6