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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. Geology and Geomorphology

verfasst von : Mostafa Karimian Eghbal, Nikoo Hamzehpour, Mohammad Hady Farpoor

Erschienen in: The Soils of Iran

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Soil formation is a complex phenomenon. The role of geology is mostly prominent through the influence of lithology in the production of parent material and tectonics in the geoform of structural origin. Geomorphology plays an important role in soil formation through relief, surface morphodynamics, morphoclimatic context, weathering and time (age). The geological zones and their related geomorphic features are dealt with as related to soil distribution. The Iranian Plateau is divided to eight structural zones. The Zagros mountain chain contains the most important sedimentary basins comprised mainly of calcareous detrital sediments. Karst features are the major expression of the Zagros landscape. The other mountain chain—Alborz zone—is composed of sedimentary rocks including limestone, dolomitic, and clastic rocks. Large areas in northern Iran are covered by loess deposits with a thickness of 30–70 m. Central Iran is composed of a series of inland basins and more than 60 playas. Makran zone, in east and southeast of Iran, is composed of uplands with varying width and altitude, irregular in trend and physiography. Various landforms such as fans, terraces, valleys, outwash deposits studied in several case studies from different regions of Iran are reviewed to show the close relationship between soils and geomorphology.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Climate

Nächstes Kapitel Vegetation and Land Cover

Also written as Urmieh and Uromieh.

Consists of medium-bedded marlstone and gypsum in a ratio of 1:2. This formation is strongly affected by karst phenomena.

Consists of limestone and marly limestone locally dolomitized with a few marlstone interbeds with a thickness of 110 m.

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Titel: Geology and Geomorphology
verfasst von: Mostafa Karimian Eghbal
Nikoo Hamzehpour
Mohammad Hady Farpoor
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: The Soils of Iran
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-69046-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-69048-3

Copyright-Jahr: 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69048-3_4