Reducing anthropogenic environmental impact is an urgent issue to deal with. Technological innovation is needed in all the economic sectors in order to replace current practices with environmentally friendly alternatives. One of the main contributors to yearly CO
2 emissions is material production, accounting for about 25% of the global CO
2 emissions [
1]. Production processes account for about 8% of total global energy demands, which is expected to rise in the upcoming years due to decreasing ore grade [
2]. Recent studies have found that the reduction of the environmental impact of material production could be achieved by the implementation of a circular economy paradigm. In other words, intense usage, product repair and upgradation, remanufacturing, component re-use, and open/closed loop recycling are some of the strategies that if implemented, keeping the existing material in the circle, would therefore contribute towards reducing the environmental impact of raw material production [
3]. The main principle focuses on turning an EoL product/component directly either into a reusable material or, better yet, into new products/components. As far as metals are concerned, recycling is still the most applied strategy as it provides environmental, technological, and economic benefits. Recycling processes can be still improved, though; solid state recycling processes have been developed for light alloy recycling [
4] and have proved (for the case of aluminum alloys) to lower the environmental impact of recycling [
5‐
7]. Nevertheless, it is, by now, urgent turning to more virtuous circular economy strategies, such us product/component reuse. Besides material itself, reuse strategies would also allow function recovery from EoL components. Function recovery would result in avoiding also the environmental impact of manufacturing processes already embodied in the EoL component/product.
In the metal reuse framework proposed by Cooper and Allwood [
8], four main strategies are identified; two of them rely on superficial reconditioning and the product/component is reused either for the same type of function (in the case of relocate) or for a less demanding use (in case of cascade). The other two strategies envisage “the component(s) undergo extensive reconditioning” and these are (1) remanufacturing, where inspection, disassembly, re-drilling, and metallic spraying/thermal techniques are the process to be applied (typical remanufacturing applications for metals concern automotive engines and dies [
9]) and (2) reform/reshape, where manufacturing approaches (additive, subtractive, mass conserving) are applied to obtain a new, more useful, geometry reprocessing the returned EoL component changing its shape. While remanufacturing has been widely analyzed by manufacturing scientists over the last years [
3,
10], reshaping has been overlooked by the scientific community so far. In general, most of the researches are concerned with additive manufacturing application, often coupled with machining processes, either to repair or to change the EoL geometry [
11,
12]. Forming processes applied specifically as reuse strategy are covered in very few scientific papers published so far. Tilwankar et al. [
13] proposed to reroll steel recovered from vessels into semi-finished products (plates, bars, and rods used). Brosius et al. [
14] in a review paper describe how a demounted automotive engine hood can be reshaped into a rectangular sheet metal component by sheet hydroforming process. Takano et al. [
15] applied single point incremental forming (SPIF) on a flattened sheet. In fact, the reshaping they propose includes the flattening of a previously bent sheet and a subsequent incremental forming step. Abu-Farha and Khraisheh [
16] proposed the application of super plastic forming for applying reshaping strategies on magnesium-based sheet components. The aforementioned researches provide the innovative ideas of using forming process as circular economy enablers. However, these studies are preliminary and the potential of forming process in this new domain is not explored yet. It is worth mentioning that there is a lack of process mechanics analyses; for the proposed processes neither process windows nor process parameter influence has been analyzed so far. The authors of the present paper have recently proved a novel approach to reshape sheet metal based EoL components [
17]. Specifically, SPIF was used to change the shape of deep-drawn (DD) square box part, the technical feasibility in terms of formability, stains, and thickness distribution was proved for the aluminum-based component reshaping. The authors have also proved the energy efficiency of such an approach [
18]. They have developed a comparative analysis with respect conventional (re-melting based) path proving the environmental impact reduction provided by reshaping. It is worth remarking that returned components are normally characterized by high heterogeneity as there are localized thinning areas (caused by the original forming processes) while large part of the component underwent limited deformation. The thinned zones might be characterized by a limited residual formability while, in the less deformed zones, it is still possible to take advantage of almost the entire original formability. The selection of SPIF process was intended to overcome the aforementioned issues efficiently. In fact, SPIF is a flexible process, characterized by a local forming action. Its local action along with its enhanced formability has been widely proved [
19]. Such advantages are the result of the unique process mechanics of SPIF [
20,
21].
In this paper a new aspect of the reshaping process by SPIF is evaluated, the main aim is to analyze and quantify the geometrical deviation caused by SPIF process (in the zones not worked on by with SPIF process). In fact, although SPIF process is characterized by low forming loads [
22], some distortions actions on the EoL part are still applied and geometrical deviation may occur. This paper, therefore, aims on analyzing such aspects and to provide guidelines to bring this approach closer to an industrial applicability.