Hand Cultivation with Intensification

The systems described here are based on quite elementary improvements introduced in taking the second step in the change from shifting cultivation to a settled system. They comprise: An orderly crop rotation without fallow;Selected planting material;More generous fertilizer treatment (above 200 kg/ha) using concentrated materials (urea, ammonium phosphate, muriate of potash) applied in the early stages to the cash crop and later to all crops.Better pest, disease, and weed control;Traditional manual methods for soil preparation and treatment of crop residues which are removed from the field or burned.