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Erschienen in:
Introduction: Why Brazil? Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

7. How Did the Incomes of Brazilians Change Under the Left Government?

verfasst von : Victor Krasilshchikov

Erschienen in: Brazil - Emerging Forever?

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Krasilshchikov critically evaluates the social policy achievements under the Left-centrist governments, using Brazilian household statistics. These achievements have been moderate; they consisted mainly of an eradication of extreme poverty, the transformation of the very poor into ‘ordinary poor’. The author supports this assertion through tables composed of household income and expenditure. He concludes that the positive social changes (reduction of poverty, decrease of income inequality, etc.) have been insufficient to give rise to a ‘crucial mass’ of labourers capable of becoming the actors of ‘new development’ or stimulating, by their wages, entrepreneurs to create innovations. In addition, as noted in the chapter, mass education in Brazil is of a poor quality, the efforts of the Left-centrist governments to change this situation notwithstanding.

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Vorheriges Kapitel The Costs of Success and Return to the Past
Nächstes Kapitel Brazilian Society as the Obstacle to Self-Modification
Fußnoten
1
10 years are the age at which many children from poor families begin working to help to their parents to provide for families. Since 2013 the low level of such age was lifted to 15 years.
 
2
See the country’s population data in the same surveys of households (PNAD).
 
3
Strictly speaking, these were not all Brazilians but those who were ‘residents in particular households’ (pessoas residentes em domicílios particulares), then their total number was 200,976 thousand people, only a little less than the total population, 201,033 thousand, at the mid-year.
 
4
At the age of 10 or more years up to 2011 and 15 or more years, in 2014–2015. Obviously, if including observations of children beneath 10 and 15 years, the situation will be very similar as the incomes per capita in each income group, particularly among the poorest families where, as a rule, there are many children, will be lower.
 
5
IPEA—Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Institute for Applied Economic Research)
 
6
The incomes of entrepreneurs from their labour on management, organisation and supervising are counted in the calculation of the average incomes from labour.
 
Literatur
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Metadaten
Titel
How Did the Incomes of Brazilians Change Under the Left Government?
verfasst von
Victor Krasilshchikov
Copyright-Jahr
2022
Buch
Brazil - Emerging Forever?

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-50207-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-50208-9

Copyright-Jahr: 2022

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50208-9_7

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