Innovative Technologies for Printing, Packaging and Digital Media

High image quality is desired for all imaging devices. Large efforts have been made to accumulate data by human observers and to develop models to fit the visual results. However, most of the earlier works applied the images include color and spatial domains but the visual results were only reported as total image quality, which was found insufficient to build a model. With this in mind, the present experiment studied 816 images collected from two parts, 585 images rendered by color and spatial domain functions from two earlier published datasets (CIDIQ and KADID) and 231 images rendered by color domain functions from the authors’ earlier dataset. The present experiment was conducted using the exclusion-reference (ER) method. Thirty participants took part to evaluate 4 terms: total image quality (tIQ), color image quality (cIQ) and spatial image quality (sIQ) by means of a six categorical judgment method, as well as the weight between color impact and spatial impact (sum to 1). The results showed good repeatability performance between present and earlier visual score were 0.90 and 0.82 correlation coefficient values for CIDIQ and KADID respectively. In addition, weighted IQ obtained through linear weighting with cIQ, sIQ and weight had a greatly high correlation coefficient with tIQ of 0.96, which implies the feasibility of separately considering the color and spatial aspects of image quality. Furthermore, a no-reference images quality model was proposed to predict tIQ, whose accuracy of prediction obtained a correlation coefficient value of 0.80 with 80–20 train-test method.

Bidirectional reflection distribution function (BRDF) is a function that describes the optical properties of the object surface, which reflects the reflection characteristics of the object surface under different angles, light source direction and observation direction. The research of BRDF has important theoretical and practical value in the fields of computer graphics, computer vision, optics, and could be used to describe surface materials in the real world. Currently, much work has been done on measurement methods, measurement equipment and new measurement models, but limited work has been done on evaluating BRDF. We used an advanced material acquisition equipment-Total Appearance Capture (TAC), The two BRDF models used in this device, Ward model and GGX model, were comprehensively evaluated with comparison function, fitting time and data volume to compare the fitting ability of two different BRDF models for different materials. And the amount of data volume of the two models and the speed of fitting time.

An interim connection space (ICS) composed of two sets of tristimulus values under two different illuminants (D50, D65) is proposed and a reconstruction algorithm based on BP neural network to convert the ICS into spectra. In order to test and compare the performance of the proposed ICS with the other four ICS, the NCS spectral dataset is used as training samples, and NCS and Munsell spectral datasets are used as testing samples. The root mean square error (RMSE) between the original and reconstructed spectra is used to evaluate the spectral accuracy. The average values of mean color difference between the original and reconstructed spectra under various lighting conditions is used to evaluate the colorimetric accuracy. The experimental results show that the proposed ICS has the best performance in spectral accuracy and colorimetric accuracy compared to the other ICS, and has obvious advantages compared to the other four ICS.

This study investigated the optimal color samples for camera spectral sensitivity estimation. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on a public camera spectral sensitivity database. The eigenvectors were extracted and served as the basis functions, and the coefficients were calculated by a classical least square method. The color samples for spectral sensitivity estimation included a multichannel LED device and a reflective color chart. Three sample selection methods were implemented, which were based on minimizing the condition number, maximizing the minimum distance in the chromaticity plane, and using a simulated imaging system, respectively. It was found all the three methods were able to find the optimal color samples. The spectral sensitivity estimation error decreased and then became stable with the increase of the number of color samples.

In order to improve the color accuracy of tongue digital image, the color correction method was established based on a special color target for color correction of tongue image, and the color response of digital imaging device has been corrected accordingly. Firstly, a one-dimensional lookup table for each monochromatic channel was established which transfers the color of gray blocks in color correction target from imaged RGB to the corresponding sRGB; Then convert the color after one-dimensional transformation to sRGB by color correction matrix. The two-step color correction method achieved accuracy evaluated by CIE DE2000 with the average /maximum value of 1.14/3.23 and 3.01/5.19 for 30 test colors of imaged by two devices. The color correction accuracy of tongue image in traditional Chinese medical has been satisfied.

Purposes: In digital printing, four colors are used to simulate spot colors for printing, when the spot color level changes, the color matching ratio of four colors will change, not just the change of the dot, which will directly affect the hue value, that is, there will be color deviation. This paper will use the method of spot color matching to output the gradual change of spot color and analyze the change of their hue value. Method: Under the condition of ideal color state of the equipment, the output of four-color and spot color matching is carried out, the data is measured by LCH color space, the theoretical value is obtained from the software, and the actual value is measured by Xrite eXact spectrometer and analyzed. Result: The smaller the color difference value after spot color matching, the hue value H is closer to the theoretical value, and the hue of different order is stable. When the matching effect of spot color is not good, the color Angle of different order fluctuates greatly, and the color is gradually discolored and unstable. Conclusion: When the spot color is applied in a gradual gradient, it is necessary to avoid the tone range of 10%-30% as far as possible, and the probability of jumping in the hue value is high, which is easy to produce color bias.

Optically Variable Inks (OVI) holds significant value and finds extensive application in the domain of anti-counterfeit printing. To evaluate the effectiveness of the measurement geometries prescribed by existing standards for evaluating the color-shifting feature of OVI, the experiment employed an X-Rite MA-T12 multi-angle spectrophotometer to measure and analyze the chromatic and spectral characteristics of 10 different OVI samples in 12 geometries. The findings indicate that a decrease in the aspecular angle results in higher saturation of OVI. Additionally, when the aspecular angle is ±15°, an increase in the illumination angle leads to notable changes in the hue angle of OVI. The measurement geometries of r45as-15 and r15as15 find the highest saturation and the most extensive range of hue variations for the OVI samples, exhibiting color changes that align with the manufacturer’s labels. However, when the samples were tested using the geometries specified in GB/T17001.7-2023, the optimal color-shifting effect of the ink was not evident.

Images captured in dimly illuminated surroundings often suffer from low contrast and severe loss of details, which directly affect the accuracy of subsequent image classification, recognition, and detection tasks. This paper addresses the challenges of low-light image enhancement, which relies on real data training and the insufficient availability of effective information in low-light images. An unsupervised low-light image enhancement algorithm, based on prior information, is proposed by us. By performing histogram equalization on the preprocessed images before network training, hidden information in the images is obtained. The optimization of initialization information is achieved by extracting the reflectance and illumination maps of the low-light images, which preserves the relative structural integrity of the images and improves the brightness restoration effect. The experimental outcomes validate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm in restoring brightness and reproducing natural colors in images. In comparison to other algorithms, it demonstrates superior performance on the LOL dataset in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index (SSIM), and natural image quality evaluation metrics (NIQE). Specifically, it achieves improvements of 1.433 dB, 0.040, and 1.285, respectively.

3D scanning work and 3D reconstruction systems are key research areas in image vision and 3D printing. However, in its application process, it is difficult to reproduce the texture information and real data of the object surface with high quality and completeness due to the limitations of different scanning methods. To solve the problem of high-quality texture information capture and 3D reproduction of components, the paper proposes a composite measurement method using photometric stereo vision and mechanism light based on multi dynamic data processing. The paper uses structured light technology to measure the overall point cloud data of the workpiece surface, and collaborates with the surface texture information obtained from photometric stereo vision to achieve the fusion of point cloud data and normal phase information. By using the method proposed in this paper, high-precision 3D reconstruction of objects and weak texture optimization have been achieved. Relevant experiments are designed to verify the feasibility and the advantage of the method proposed by the paper.

Register accuracy is an important index to measure the quality of printed electronic products. But the register error detection accuracy of photoelectric sensors cannot meet the requirements of printed electronic register control. For this reason, this paper proposes a sub-pixel-level register error detection method based on machine vision for circular matrix color marks. First, the image preprocessing operation was completed according to the application scene and color mark features. Then, sub-pixel edge extraction was accomplished using the improved Canny operator and Zernike moment method, and high-precision registration error detection was accomplished using least squares fitting. The results show that, compared with the traditional detection methods, this method has better rapidity, accuracy and stability in register error detection. It solves the difficulties of image preprocessing and sub-pixel-level detection under the condition of multi-color groups, and meets the demand for high-precision control of complex printing electronic devices.

Stone carving rubbings are an important medium for disseminating history and culture, especially after the national legislation prohibits the production and sale of rubbing, high-quality reproduction of rubbings has become an important form of disseminating stone carving art. In this paper, the digital reproduction mode based on stone engraving rubbings is determined by studying the three aspects of preprocessing before rubbing, digital scanning and image processing, and inkjet printing output with xuan paper as the material. Pre processing before scanning of rubbings mainly study how to remove creases and folds on the basis of protecting the artistic characteristics of rubbing, so as to meet the requirements of scanning and copying. Digital scanning and image processing mainly study the scanning methods and parameter settings for rubbings, and reproduce the unique artistic features of rubbings relative to other paper planar artwork. Inkjet printing output mainly studies the method of printing and copying on two different materials, ordinary xuan paper and coated xuan paper, and makes a comparative analysis with the original rubbings. The research methods of this article are comparative analysis and experimental research, adjust the experimental data according to the results during the experiment, and obtain experimental results that are close to or meet the requirements through trial and error. The conclusion of this paper is that protective reproduction of rubbings can be achieved by formulating appropriate implementation paths.

Piezoelectric inkjet printing technology is widely used in the fields of microinjection, printed electronics and biotechnology due to its high precision, stability and adaptability. The drive waveform of piezoelectric inkjet has a significant impact on the velocity and volume of the droplets injected and whether satellite droplets are formed.In this paper, the finite element numerical simulation software Comsol is used to establish the simulation model of piezoelectric actuator and printhead.The most widely used positive trapezoidal waveform in piezoelectric inkjet is selected as an object to investigate the effect of drive waveform parameters on the droplet injection characteristics. The main parameters are the voltage rise time trise, the voltage dwell time tdwell and the voltage fall time tfall.The results show that the voltage rise time trise mainly affects the first negative pressure generated inside the chamber, the voltage dwell time tdwell and voltage fall time tfall have a great influence on the droplet injection velocity, and the droplet velocity increases first and then decreases with the increase of voltage dwell time tdwell and voltage fall time tfall.

Inkjet printing is a non-contact printing technology, which has the advantages of wide substrates, environmental protection, and can meet the requirements of personalized printing. After the ink droplets are ejected from the nozzle, they fly to the surface of the printing material. The spreading results will directly affect the printing quality of inkjet printing. This present work uses ANSYS software and introduces a standard $$k - \varepsilon$$ k - ε turbulence model to create a numerical calculation model of droplet spreading on rough substrate surface. The effects and relationships between droplet diameter, flight speed, fluid viscosity and droplet spreading coefficient, maximum spreading diameter and stable spreading time on the surface of rough substrates were investigated and obtained. The results provide theoretical basis for improving the quality of inkjet printing.

Digital inkjet printing is an important form of personalized design for clothing fabric printing. Compared to screen printing, it has the characteristics of fast speed, high efficiency, wide color gamut, and can achieve large format pattern output. Ordinary textile fabrics are prone to ink droplet diffusion and low color restoration during inkjet printing. This article uses experimental research methods to study methods for improving the suitability of textile fabrics for inkjet printing through prepress pretreatment. This article uses fiber blended fabrics as inkjet printing substrates, uses modifiers and water repellent treatment agents to pre-treat the fabrics, and uses pigment ink for printing. The differences in ink droplet spread shape, K/S value, color recovery, and other aspects between ordinary fabrics and fabrics pretreated with different concentrations of treatment agents are compared, and the impact of prepress pretreatment on improving the inkjet printing suitability of clothing fabrics is analyzed. The conclusion of this article is that pre-treatment of fiber textile fabrics with modifiers and water repellent agents can effectively improve their inkjet printing suitability.

In everyday life, there are many objects that hold special meaning to us. Sometimes, these objects may become damaged due to various reasons. To repair and restore these damaged objects, a proposed method involves using a three-dimensional laser scanner to capture point cloud data of the damaged object. This point cloud data is then inputted into a neural network for repair and reconstruction, resulting in a three-dimensional reconstructed point cloud data. The final step involves using model encapsulation and 3D printing to create a highly accurate replica of the object. To validate this method, it was tested on reconstructing objects such as a cube, teapot, and gypsum statue. The research results demonstrate that the three-dimensional reconstructed models have clear texture, complete shape, and are highly consistent with the original objects, thus fulfilling the purpose of object restoration.

The rapid development of 3D printing technology and a series of polymer materials has made people’s daily life more convenient. 3D printing technology uses computer control to achieve fine, customized on-demand printing, which is not only resource-saving but also flexible and efficient. Silicone rubber is a polymeric silicone elastomer with a Si-O-Si bond in the main chain and an organic group in the side chain, which has high elasticity, high and low temperature resistance, aging resistance and excellent biocompatibility, and has been widely used in various fields such as biomedical, aerospace, mechanical engineering, and optoelectronic materials. Combining 3D printing technology with silicone rubber materials can not only broaden the scope of 3D printing technology, but also make better use of silicone rubber materials to provide convenience in daily life. This study mainly discusses the current development status of 3D printing silicone rubber materials and the future development direction.

The objective is to review the latest research on artificial vertebral body and interbody fusion cage and their application in spinal surgery. For the treatment of vertebral diseases such as spinal tumors and myelopathic cervical spondylosis, procedures like en bloc tumor resection and intervertebral disc excision with bone fusion are primarily employed. Following tumor resection surgery, it becomes necessary to reconstruct the deficient vertebral segments or intervertebral discs. In clinical practice, materials such as titanium alloys, PEEK, and ceramics are commonly used to manufacture artificial vertebral bodies and interbody fusion cage for vertebral reconstruction. Currently, the use of 3D printing for fabricating implantable metal medical devices, including 3D-printed titanium alloy or PEEK vertebral implants and interbody fusion cage, is gradually gaining prominence. This article reviews the latest research on artificial vertebral bodies and intervertebral fusion devices in recent years.

The development of 3D printing technology has brought more methods for vertebral body weight construction. Titanium alloy has high specific strength and good biocompatibility, and 3D printed titanium alloy interbody fusion device currently has obvious advantages in vertebral body weight construction. The mechanical properties of titanium alloy interbody fusion with mesh structure prepared by Electron beam melting (EBM) were studied. Computer software was used to assist the design and modeling, the model was sliced and then imported into the EBM printer. After printing, the model was post-processed, the surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and the mechanical properties such as dynamic torsion, dynamic compression shear and dynamic axial compression of the sample were tested by different types of fatigue testing machines.

Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is a semi-crystalline high-performance polymer, widely recognized on the international stage as one of the most promising next-generation biomaterials poised to replace titanium alloys in the production of bone implants. In contrast to metallic materials, PEEK boasts an elastic modulus similar to that of human bones. It exhibits outstanding biocompatibility, mitigates stress shielding effects, offers X-ray transparency for improved intraoperative and postoperative monitoring, and finds extensive applications across various domains, including spinal, joint, trauma, craniofacial, neurosurgery, and plastic surgery. 3D-printed PEEK composite bone implants exhibit exceptional biocompatibility and possess bone-inductive properties. They can be meticulously designed with porous surface structures conducive to enhanced bone fusion, rendering them highly advantageous for medical applications. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current research status, manufacturing methodologies, and future prospects of 3D-printed PEEK and its composites in the field of biomedicine. Future research endeavors should aim to further optimize the manufacturing processes and enhance the performance of PEEK implants, ultimately fostering their widespread adoption within the medical community.

Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic metabolic disease caused by insulin secretion deficiency or insulin dysfunction, with multiple clinical manifestations and serious complications, and is one of the main causes of death. Continuous blood glucose monitoring can obtain human blood glucose information in real time and more directly understand human blood glucose fluctuations, so as to detect and treat latent symptoms of high/low blood glucose as early as possible. With the development of 3D printing technology in the field of medical devices, biosensors have enormous potential in continuous diabetes monitoring. This article primarily investigates the recent advancements in glucose micro-needle sensors fabricated using 3D printing technology for blood glucose monitoring. It evaluates the performance differences resulting from various fabrication methods, thus elucidating the current status and future research directions in continuous diabetes monitoring. This facilitates also help bridge the gap between laboratory research and clinical care point in the future.

In recent years, cellulose has garnered significant attention in the preparation of triboelectric nanogenerators due to its excellent biodegradability and reproducibility. However, the weak surface polarity and insufficient surface functional groups have considerably constrained its progress towards achieving high-performance TENG. Here, nanocellulose (CNFs) was employed as the friction layer material for the triboelectric nanogenerator. The surface interface was modified through chemical treatment, introducing two functional groups, -NH2 and -F. Besides analyzing the electron gain and loss capabilities and polarity of two distinct functional celluloses, functionalized CNFs were also employed in a direct-writing approach to fabricate three-dimensional structures for TENG applications. Furthermore, CNFs with enhanced surface and interface can also enhance the electrical output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators. The results indicated that when the mass ratio of epoxy propyl trialkylamine chloride (EPTMAC) to cellulose was 2.0, the cationic degree was at its highest. The introduction of -F, achieved by using nano SiO2 and PFOTS, not only rendered the water contact angle of FCNF-SiO2 aerogel superhydrophobic at 150° but also yielded the maximum output voltage when the mass ratio of dried fiber to nano SiO2 was 3.0. These results further demonstrate the irreplaceable advantages and practical application potential of CNFs in the environmentally friendly mechanical energy collection system, specifically in triboelectric nanogenerators.

Paper and fabric substrates are important foundational materials for the fabrication of flexible and printed electronic devices. This paper combines the research work undertaken for the project and, based on a review of the literature, comprehensively summarizes the roles, classifications, and processing techniques of paper-based and fabric materials in flexible and printed electronics. It compares the preparation techniques of such devices and introduces the achievements of chemical sintering and in-situ polymerization on paper-based electronics. Literature retrieval and analysis indicate that the development of paper-based/fabric electronic devices is essentially synchronized both domestically and internationally. It is believed that paper-based/fabric-based flexible electronic devices, including but not limited to circuits, electrodes, RFID tags, sensors, energy storage, and conversion devices, have their respective applications: paper-based devices are suitable for disposable, low-cost applications, while fabric-based devices are more suitable for wearable electronic products. Overall, in line with global carbon emissions control efforts, conductive and semiconductor materials suitable for fabric/paper-based flexible electronic products, including nano metals, conductive polymers, carbon materials, MXene, and other materials, will be prioritized for development. The related fabric/paper-based coating and printing industries will also rise in tandem with this trend.

“Dragon scales” binding is an ancient form of binding in China, and this binding technique has not been passed down. Currently, only one physical object exists. In recent years, there have been some successful research and replication of “Dragon scales” binding works, but they have not received unified recognition from the academic community. This paper designs the basic structure and replication method of “Dragon scales” binding based on the two works of “Portraits of Confucius’ disciples” and “Painting of Confucius’ Sacred deeds” through literature research and reference to some replicas of “Dragon scales” binding. Image processing software is used to segment the images, digital printing technology is used to present the images on coated xuan paper, and the printed pages are collaged and mounted to obtain a complete “Dragon scales” binding work, elaborated on the technical issues that need to be paid attention to when designing and producing “Dragon scales” binding works through experiments,develop a path to replicate the ancient binding technique of “Dragon Scale” Binding.

Smart luminous packaging is a new type of packaging with intelligent and interactive features. It not only protects products, but also fulfills higher consumer expectations, such as environmental change detection, pattern display, music special effects lighting, and other functions. Especially in the food and pharmaceutical fields, the advantages of this packaging are significant. This article provides a comprehensive introduction to the research status and development trends of smart luminous packaging from four aspects: concept and classification, device principle, key technology, and application and future prospects. It also proposes that the future development direction of smart luminous technology will be more lightweight and reliable, and will create more unique experiences by combining with artificial intelligence and virtual reality technologies. These trends indicate that smart luminous packaging will dominate many industries.

To enhance the anti-counterfeiting and traceability of goods, this paper has designed an anti-counterfeiting and traceability system based on RFID tags. This system uses RFID tags as the unique identifier for products and achieves full lifecycle traceability and monitoring of product information through cloud platform technology. The online system is developed using a front-end and back-end separation approach, with hardware components implemented using STM32 and R2000, among other technologies. Through the integration of these technologies, the system provides functionalities such as user registration and login, input and storage of product information, RFID tag reading and writing, as well as the display and query of traceability results. This system effectively elevates the level of product anti-counterfeiting and traceability, safeguards consumer rights, efficiently accomplishes product traceability and anti-counterfeiting, and holds significant practical value and prospects for promotion. It plays an important role in advancing the industry’s technological and managerial standards.

Objective In view of the unfavorable supervision of Chinese medical herbs in the logistics process due to product pollution and deterioration, it is necessary to develop the intellectualized and digitalized management system in the logistics transportation and storage process. Methods Based on internet of things technology and radio frequency identification technology(RFID), a logistics information of Chinese herbal medicine packaging tracing system was designed and developed, which realized the warehousing management, real-time positioning, temperature and humidity, and real-time update of data, and the system was applied to real-time environmental monitoring. Results The information traceability system of product packaging can facilitate the user to obtain information to improve the management level. The accuracy of the system measurement was verified by comparing with the values of temperature and humidity meters. Conclusions It provides a new idea for establishing a reliable and practical environment tracking and information traceable logistics system of Chinese herbal medicine, which is conducive to the protection of Chinese herbal medicine during storage and logistics.

To summarize the research and progress in the preparation of anthocyanin indicator labels and their application in food freshness monitoring. Relevant domestic and international literature is reviewed and organized, and different research results are summarized and compared. The factors influencing the performance of anthocyanins and the principle of pH-responsive color change are reviewed. The preparation methods and performance influencing mechanisms of composite films, and their research progress in food preservation applications are outlined. Anthocyanins have antioxidant, antibacterial, and pH-responsive properties for food freshness monitoring applications. The intermolecular forces between the components of the indicator label, such as hydrogen bonding and other effects on the properties of the label such as mechanical strength have a significant impact. The anthocyanin indication label has good application effect in the field of food freshness indication, and the research on antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and intelligence of color indication needs further depth, and the future development should not be underestimated.

The temperature of food and the consumer experience in short-distance food delivery are closely linked. Insufficient temperatures upon arrival diminish consumer satisfaction. Research focuses on enhancing thermal insulation of delivery containers to slow temperature decrease during transportation. Phase change energy storage materials, capable of releasing or absorbing heat during phase transition, find wide application in energy storage, recovery, and battery thermal management. In the food industry, phase change materials are commonly used for cold chain transportation and storage. Selecting suitable materials maintains ambient temperature within delivery boxes, slowing temperature reduction. This study utilized paraffin with a phase transition range of 51–54 ℃ to fabricate a heat storage bag. Temperature monitoring and comparison with scenarios without the bag were conducted. Results demonstrate the bag’s effectiveness in reducing temperature decline during transportation.

In order to broaden the boundary of commodity packaging, give packaging more functions, establish the emotional connection between consumers and packaging, and enhance product attraction. Through questionnaire survey and data survey, this paper analyzes the necessity of interactive performance of product packaging for consumers. This paper uses literature research and image analysis to explore the interactive generation mechanism of moiré fringe packaging from the theoretical level and the practical level. The results show that consumers prefer moiré stripe product packaging with interactive performance, mainly due to the dynamic effects of moiré stripes, which are manifested in psychological gestalt psychology, physiological afterglow effect, and the displacement of the subject person. At the application level, integrating moiré stripes into packaging can break away from electronic media, achieve mutual transformation between “static” and “dynamic”, control the state and behavior of “things” by people, achieve interaction among people, things and events, enhance product competitiveness, and is expected to be widely used in packaging design.

Foam starch-based cushioning materials have great application prospects in transport packaging design. In this paper, we hope to understand the mechanical properties of foam starch based through experiments, and to make simulation hypothesis analysis to determine whether the mechanical properties of the foam are in line with Hyperfoam mechanical model. In this paper, the mechanical properties of this starch-based foam material under compression are analyzed and verified with the Hyperfoam module of ABAQUS. The experimental results show that the displacement pressure curve obtained by the electronic universal testing machine is different from the stress-strain curve obtained by the simulation software. Therefore, the starch-based foam material does not conform to the mechanical properties of Hyperfoam.

In order to improve the impact resistance of glass containers, this study utilized the finite element method to investigate the mechanical properties of liquid-containing glass beer with different drop mode. The results show that stress within the beer bottle is primarily concentrated at the bottle-ground contact point throughout the drop, creating a fracture once the stress surpasses the critical threshold. As the fracture forms, the stress continues to increase until it reaches its maximum, after which it progressively disperses throughout the entire bottle body. From research data, it was found that when θ is 30°, its maximum stress is 283.703 MPa, while θ are 0° and 90°, the stresses are 184.987 MPa and 116.583 MPa, respectively. Therefore, inclined drops generate greater stress impact onto the bottle, making it more vulnerable to damage compared to fully vertical / horizontal drops. Regardless of the drop mode, the point of maximum stress is always situated at the bottle-ground contact point, whereas the magnitude of maximum stress at the moment of fracture is not directly proportional to the different drop modes.

In order to improve the cushioning performance of cushioning materials and reduce the use of materials, the structural parameter is designed and the static cushioning performance of Paper-based Spherical Porous Materials is analyzed in this paper. The cushioning coefficient and the stress-strain curve are investigated under the different structural parameters. The results show that the different structural parameters of the materials affect the static cushioning performance of such materials. The compression process can be divided into three stages: linear elasticity, yielding, and densification. As the pore size decreases, the yield value increases progressively, indicating an enhancement in the rigidity of the paper-based spherical porous materials and a reduction in cushioning effectiveness. Smaller pore sizes result in improved cushioning performance for paper-based spherical porous materials. Increasing the thickness enhances the cushioning performance of paper-based spherical porous materials.

The sales of high-quality strawberries are mainly completed through e-commerce and physical stores. Packaging is an important technical link for its effective protection and promotion. This study takes high-quality strawberries as contents. Based on the needs of commercial logistics, innovative design of strawberry packaging was carried out for two different scenarios: e-commerce packaging and on-site packaging. They are all made of corrugated cardboard and adopt a heart shaped paper forming structure. Apply antibacterial coating inside the e-commerce packaging. Sealing the packaging before the start of e-commerce transportation can ensure the safety of the contents. Vertical impact drop and compressive strength testing experiments were conducted on the e-commerce packaging. Its average compressive strength is 945N, and after a drop of 800 mm, its appearance is intact, meeting the requirements of e-commerce logistics. On site packaging can compress the box blank into a flat shape, facilitating transportation to physical stores for opening and disposal by consumers.

The utilization of online meal ordering platforms has increased among Chinese citizens in modern society. However, delivering low-temperature food poses challenges. Common practices, such as improving insulation performance or using ice packs, have limitations in effectiveness and convenience. This study incorporates a thermoelectric cooling (TEC) system into food delivery containers to explore its role in short-distance transportation of low-temperature food. Experimental results show that the TEC system significantly reduces the temperature inside the box. When cold water is present, the temperature decline is faster. The TEC system effectively maintains the temperature of cold beverages during delivery and reduces the rate of temperature increase. The compact size of the TEC system allows for easy integration into food delivery boxes, enabling quick implementation of cooling effects. These findings demonstrate the potential of TEC systems in the transportation of refrigerated food and beverages.

For the nonlinear and strongly disturbing register system of the unit gravure printing machines, a self-tuning method of PID parameters based on RBF neural network is proposed to solve the problem of insufficient dynamic margin of the PID controller in the printing process. Firstly, a nonlinear mathematical model of the global register system is established based on the structure of the gravure printing equipment system and register principle. Then, a PID parameter self-tuning controller integrating RBF neural network is designed for register mathematical model. Finally, the simulations are carried out to verify the control performance of the proposed method in terms of robustness, decoupling performance, and interference resistance. The results show that, compared with the traditional PID controller, the designed controller can better suppress the influence of disturbances and has a higher register accuracy, while solving the problem of controller performance degradation under different working conditions.

In engineering practice, 80% of the damage of mechanical parts is caused by fatigue failure. For the web folding mechanism, the machete arm of its single-arm thin-walled structure is its weaker link. During the operation of the folding mechanism, the machete arm is subjected to complex alternating loads caused by multiple excitation, such as self-weight, load and moment of inertia, so it should have strong fatigue resistance in addition to sufficient strength and stiffness. Fatigue damage has the characteristic of sudden “death”, so in order to ensure the reliability and safety of the web folding mechanism during operation, it is necessary to understand the fatigue life level of the machete arm, and it is necessary to conduct fatigue life prediction analysis of the machete arm.

The pressing cam mechanism is an important component of an offset press, and the cam profile is crucial for achieving the follower's function. In this paper, we analyze the performance of the pressing cam mechanism and introduce the offset method and the envelope method. Using the mechanism module of Pro/E software, we establish models and compute and compare the follower's accelerated speed of two different pressing cam mechanisms. The results show that the dynamic performance of the cam mechanism with a cam profile designed using the envelope method is better than that of the cam mechanism with a cam profile designed using the offset method. These research results will help the corresponding factory improve the performance of the offset press they manufacture.

The consistency of the drying process has a significant impact on the quality of coated products. Through comprehensive and continuous research on the causes of coating drying defects, starting from the drying quality requirements of various products, combined with the basic principles of air jet fluid mechanics, based on the principle of heat exchange consistency, by controlling the wind temperature and pressure to ensure consistent drying effects, we have designed and manufactured an efficient circulation drying oven with systematic control; Through online monitoring, the drying process is accurately quantified and controlled. The dynamic mixing and diversion of cold and hot air through different functional areas of the air duct maintain a temperature error of <  ± 1 ℃ at the outlet of the air nozzle. This oven can be precisely adjusted according to the drying conditions of different functional coating products, ensuring consistent drying heat exchange rate of the coating and consistent evaporation rate of solvent on the coating surface without blind spots. It has achieved controllable solvent residue in the coating product, isotropic coating, consistent density, bending resistance, no lateral color difference, no longitudinal rib pattern, no internal stress deformation and warping, and no aging, brittleness/moire in the coating, and can maximally overcome the defects of uneven drying on the surface and inside of high viscosity thick coatings.

This paper examines the application of intelligent optimization technology in the design of printing and packaging equipment, with a focus on its use in intelligent design. The paper also explores the use of genetic algorithm, artificial neural network, and simulated annealing algorithm in intelligent optimization technology. The paper reviews the development and classification of intelligent optimization technology and discusses its applications in the manufacturing industry, specifically in the context of intelligent design for printing and packaging equipment. Through case studies and analysis, the paper identifies the challenges and requirements faced by the promotion and application of intelligent optimization technology in printing and packaging equipment intelligent design. Finally, it proposes strategies and measures to promote research and application of intelligent optimization technology in this field, such as conducting more research on the advantages and limitations of different algorithms, improving collaboration between academic institutions and industry, and promoting the adoption of intelligent optimization technology through training and education programs.

The printing and packaging industry are confronting great challenges in the digital era. One of the most problems is the professional talents’ shortage, which becomes more severe nowadays. The paper studies on the development of a quotation app on printing product with easy-to-use features and without much demand for professional knowledge. The app can help build the fluent communication between the print buyer and print shop when a business begins. Focusing on the user experience rules, we purpose an innovative method to connect the material consumption to the product components and then to their real production processes in a digital mode, substituting the traditional description style based on the BOM (bill of material) of product which depends largely on the businessman’s professional calculation in manual mode. The new method supports the quotation process on the digitized professional knowledge and experiences in printing and also on the smart functions’s automatic calculation following the practical operation, which ensures the production involved data in accordance along all the production processes. While the app is intuitive and easy to use, it can also keep the quotation precise and reasonable. This exploratory research is on one of the key problems in the aspects of smart printing production. The developed online pricing app can help to realize the fluent data exchange between print customer and printing shop. Its data collection mode guarantees the realization of globally digital and smart communication during the whole production procedures.

At present, most research on the three-bed regenerative oxidation furnace only stays at the level of numerical simulation of combustion after a single-component gas enters the device. However, in actual printing and packaging companies, the gas components are diverse and complex. Therefore, in order to be as close as possible to the actual production situation, this paper selects two gases that account for a larger proportion in VOCs exhaust gas for research: toluene gas with higher calorific value and ignition point, and ethyl acetate gas with lower calorific value and ignition point. The three-dimensional model and fluid domain model of the three-bed regenerative oxidation furnace were established using Solidworks software, and numerical simulation was carried out using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software Fluent. The thermal efficiency changes of the operating device under different proportion conditions were studied. The numerical calculation results can guide the precise adjustment and control of the actual production of the three-bed regenerative oxidation furnace.

A new type of plate loading trolley composed of a telescopic arm and a swinging mechanism can improve the replacement efficiency of the plate roller and simplify the operation process. The telescopic arm will bend downwards under the weight of the plate roller, making the wing area more prone to deformation. The mechanical characteristics of the telescopic arm of the modified trolley are analyzed in this article, and the calculation methods for the deflection and stress of the wing plate area of the telescopic arm are provided. The finite element analysis of the structure of the telescopic arm was carried out, and the validity of the stress and deflection model in the wing area of the telescopic arm was verified by comparing the results of theoretical analysis. The research in this article provided a theoretical basis for the design of a new type of plate loading trolley.

In order to reduce the environmental pressure brought by traditional packaging materials, countries around the world based on environmental protection, actively improve the product packaging mode, looking for green packaging materials, to create a road of sustainable development. Vegetable based degradable paper packaging materials choose celery as the base material, through pretreatment, cutting hot drift, cooling pulp, adding additives, mixing paper, molding drying and other methods to prepare celery packaging paper. The appropriate plasticizer sorbitol (4% ~ 6%) glycerol (2% ~ 4%) and binder konjac gum (1% ~ 1.5%) were selected, Through compound optimization experiments using the Design-Expert 12.0 system, Analyzing the significant effect of the interaction of additives on the properties of celery paper, When with sorbitol 6.0%, Glycerol, 4.0%, When konjac gum 1.25% was used as a mixed additive, The shock strength of the prepared celery-based wrapping paper was 0.700J, The prepared paper was also compared with the newspaper, A4 paper, the results show that, Celery-based wrapping paper is better than newspaper and close to A4 paper, Therefore, it has certain research significance and feasibility. Through the experimental study of celery-based packaging paper, the research necessity of new packaging materials is determined, and the best preparation process of vegetable packaging paper is found, which provides a certain reference direction for the development of green packaging materials.

With the development of the national economy, residents’ purchasing power continues to increase, and people's demand for various colorful metal packaging is increasing year by year. UV ink has been favored by people for its instant drying, high efficiency, low cost, environment-friendly and many other advantages. However, in actual production, some printing plants are subjected to many restrictions and using a varnishing machine that is not in the same workshop as the printing press for offline varnishing. This causes friction in the process of stacking and handling, and ink loss occurs. Through theoretical analysis and practical production experience, this paper designs the experimental UV ink formula, selects polyester acrylate, aliphatic polyurethane diacrylate and hyperbranched urethane acrylate as prepolymers in the formula, and changes the amount of polyester acrylate and aliphatic polyurethane diacrylate in yellow, magenta, cyan and black inks according to the proportion of 5% of the overall formula, and according to the respective characteristics of the four-color ink. A certain amount of hyperbranched urethane acrylate is added separately to speed up the reaction rate of the UV curing system. Through the adhesion test of the printing sample, the optimal color sample of the four-color ink is selected, so as to optimize the UV ink formula and explore and solve the problems in the production of the printing plant.

This study aims to prepare gel ink from cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and carbon nanotubes, and to prepare hydrogel sensors by direct writing printing and freezing cycle and test their performance. Firstly, TEMPO-oxidized cellulose was prepared by the TEMPO oxidation method, and then PVA and CNT were added to prepare gel ink, The gel sensing film was printed by direct writing, and then the hydrogel sensor that could be used for human motion detection was obtained through the freezing cycle. The degree of stretching of the hydrogel sensor can reach 500%. At 100% stretching, the response time is 180ms and the sensitivity is 1.12. The movement of human elbows, wrists, and knuckles can be very accurately identified. TEMPO oxidizes cellulose and carbon nanotubes to improve cellulose hydrogels’ conductivity and mechanical properties, and direct printing can easily and efficiently print the structure of the prepared sensor. The prepared hydrogel sensor shows high flexibility, high conductivity, and high sensitivity, which can monitor the large and small movements of the human body for a long time and stably, which is of great significance for the preparation and application of subsequent cellulose hydrogel sensors.

In this paper, 2,3-diethylester-6,7,10,11-tetrapentaloxy-triphenylene (23TPE) as electron donor and 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone (TNF) as electron acceptor were designed and synthesized, and their molecular structures were confirmed by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectroscopy (1H-NMR). Product 23TPE/TNF was obtained by evenly mixing 23TPE and TNF at molar ratio 1:1. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) were used to study its spectral characteristics. Polarizing microscope (POM) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) were used to investigate the liquid crystal properties. The experimental results showed that 23TPE/TNF doping formed a charge transfer complex (CTC).

In this paper, nano TiO2 was modified to achieve better dispersion effect and improve the surface charge of nano TiO2, so as to prepare white electrophoretic particles with excellent performance. The surface of nano TiO2 was modified by silane coupling agent, polymer surfactant and polymer coating. The modification of polymer coating was the main modification, and the modification was assisted by silane coupling agent KH-570 and polymer surfactant polyethylpyrrolidone (PVP). TiO2/p(St-DVB-AM) particles with titanium dioxide as core and styrene, divinylbenzene and acrylamide crosslinked polymer as coating layer were prepared by one-pot precipitation polymerization. The experimental results show that TiO2/p (St-DVB-4-AM) particles prepared with 0.4 g AM have the best performance, and the particle size is about 500 nm.

Nowadays, the doping of liquid crystal (LC) materials with nanomaterials shows extraordinary potential to improve the electro-optical properties of liquid crystals. Among them, complexes of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polyaniline (PANI) doped in liquid crystals can fully utilize the synergistic effect of CNTs and PANI. In this paper, the capping of carbon nanotubes by polyaniline was realized by polymerization of aniline on the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Liquid crystal physical gels were prepared in liquid crystal 4-n-pentyl-4’-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) by using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a gelation factor, and carbon nanotube/polyaniline composites were doped in the process. The above composite liquid crystal physicogels were coated twice to achieve a uniform orientation of the LC molecules. When the doping amount of CNT/PANI was 1 wt%, the resistance of the oriented composite film was approximately 46,500 Ω lower compared with that of the liquid crystal hydrogel film. A new idea is provided for the application of liquid crystals in electrode preparation.

In this paper, a novel light-emitting liquid crystal molecule was designed and synthesized using benzophenanthrene and tetraphenylene as the base unit by linking flexible alkoxy chains. The structures of the synthesized molecules were confirmed by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectroscopy (1HNMR), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV-VIS). The liquid crystal properties and phase structures of the synthesized target molecules and doped systems were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized light microscopy (POM). The aggregation-induced luminescence properties were judged by observing the luminescence intensity under UV lamp by being in different ratios of tetrahydrofuran-water solvents. Useful information is provided for organic optoelectronic applications.

In this paper, the design and synthesis of an asymmetric triphenylene dimer molecule with alkoxy chain lengths of six and four carbons linked by flexible carbon chains with a length of twelve is reported. The characterization results obtained from 1H-NMR and FT-IR confirmed that the structure of the compound was as expected. DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) and POM (Polarization Microscope) techniques revealed its liquid crystal and thermal properties, showing an ordered mesophase of the columnar phase.

In recent years,with the rapid development of printed flexible electronics business,as a light-emitting display has been put forward additional requirements such as sensor, interactive and lighting. Electroluminescent devices based on basic structure have received attention in the field of lots of fields such as analysis, wearable application, interactive method, etc. In this paper, the research progress of electroluminescent basic sandwich structure and experimental flatten electrode structure are compared with changed luminescence structure, then flatten electroluminescent structure materials are mainly tested in the application on packaging, in order to play a beneficial enlightenment and guidance role in the field of interactive application.

In this paper, a kind of organic photoelectric material was designed and synthesized by flexible alkyl chain connection with pentyloxy-triphenylene and tetraphene. The synthesized molecular structure was confirmed by 1H-NMR and FT-IR. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing microscope (POM) were used to determine that they did not have liquid crystal properties, and the absorption peak was determined by ultraviolet absorption. Fluorescence spectra showed that they did not have AIE effect, and the liquid crystal properties and AIE properties of their respective moieties were disturbed by the alkoxy bridge between pentoxy-triphenylene and tetraphene. However, the mechanism of action that causes this is not clear.

As a functional material, electrochromic materials can change their color by regulating the absorption or reflection of light at a small driving voltage. According to the characteristics of color control, electrochromic devices have shown great potential in the fields of green buildings, intelligent displays, energy storage equipment, and military camouflage. Despite the continuous progress in related fields, how to make electrochromic devices truly achieve the ideal comprehensive performance has always been a long-term issue. This paper briefly summarizes the types and mechanisms of electrochromic materials, then introduces the basic structure composition and characteristic requirements of electrochromic devices. Reviewing the main problems faced in the applications of electrochromic devices, such as long response time, insufficient coloration efficiency, poor cycle stability, and insufficient durability. What's more, the latest ideas and achievements proposed to solve these problems are summarized, hoping to enlighten readers. Finally, the future development direction of electrochromic technology is prospected.

Nanocellulose, a rich source of natural biomass materials, has dual characteristics of green and environmentally friendly performance and nanomaterials. It presents some potential applications in the field of heavy metal pollution control in water systems. In this study, oxidized nanofibrillated cellulose (ONFC) was prepared by oxidation of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) with sodium periodate. ONFC was compounded with cationic guar gum (CGG) to prepare ONFC/CGG complex hydrogel. To evaluate the adsorption performance on heavy metal ions, Cu2+ was selected to evaluate the adsorption performance. The results showed that the appropriate pH range of the solution system was 3.5–6. As the pH of the solution increased, the ionization of the complex aerogel enhanced the electrostatic attraction between the cations and the aerogel surface, resulting in greater adsorption. With the constant increase of intital concentration, the maximum absorption capacity of ONFC/CGG hydrogel for Cu2+was also constantly increasing. When the intital concentration of Cu2+ reached 120 mg/L, the maximum adsorption capacity of the hydrogel for Cu2+ ions tended to be saturated. It demonstrates that ONFC/CGG hydrogel had a high adsorption efficiency for Cu2+. When the sorption time was 4 min, the adsorption became saturated, and the maximum adsorption capacity could reach 452.3 mg/g. This study has shown that ONFC/CGG hydrogel has a wide range of raw material sources and low cost. When absorbing heavy metal ions by the hydrogels, the pH value has a wide range. Meantimes, the adsorption efficiency is high. It has wide application prospects in the field of heavy metal pollution control in water systems.

Mankind has great a demand for water resources in daily life. There has been an increasing focus on extracting purified water or irrigable water from seawater or sewage sources. Solar interfacial evaporation technology is considered a promising approach due to its strong operability, high solar thermal conversion efficiency, and environmentally friendly characteristics. These advantages make it as one of the best ways to improve water quality of seawater or sewage. To enhance the efficiency of solar interface evaporation, a variety of materials are employed to applied to efficient photothermal conversion and higher evaporation rates. Among these materials, hydrogel stands out as an innovative platform for achieving high evaporation efficiency. In this review, hydrogel materials are firstly introduced, including non-covalent cross-linked hydrogels and covalent cross-linked hydrogels for solar interface evaporation. Subsequently, the application of hydrogel materials in solar interface evaporation is discussed, followed by a summary of the potential future development of solar interface evaporation technology based on hydrogel materials.

Currently, flexible devices have a wide range of applications such as health managements, drug deliveries, and electronic skins. The inkjet printing is considered the most promising technology for manufacturing flexible devices due to its high resolution, large scale, and low cost. Here, we give a comprehensive review of the fabrication of flexible devices by inkjet printing. First, we introduce the different types of inkjet printing, including continuous inkjet printing and on-demand inkjet printing. In addition, we describe flexible substrates and nano-metallic inks for preparation of flexible devices. Lastly, the perspectives for future development of flexible devices are proposed.

MXenes not only have the same conductivity as metals, but also have good mechanical and hydrophilic properties. Therefore, MXenes have special appeal and competitiveness in fields such as energy storage conversion, catalysis, sensors, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, etc. Especially, due to its layered structure, MXenes have a large specific surface area for gas molecules to adsorb. However, MXenes have poor chemical stability, so it is particularly important to study their combination with other materials for gas detection. This article reviews the research progress of MXenes as sensitive materials for gas sensors, proving that MXenes have been potential candidates for gas sensing materials.

Lignin is the primary waste in pulp and paper industries. Its complex, large-molecule structure results in low reactivity, limiting its potential for high-value utilization. This paper introduces a novel method for rapid hydroxylation modification of lignin (M-EHL) that offers advantages in terms of processing temperature and time compared to conventional demethylation, hydroxy-methylation, and phenolation methods. Using single-factor and orthogonal experiments, the optimal reaction conditions were determined. The modified lignin was characterized using 1H-NMR, FTIR, GPC and potentiometric titration. The result shows that the reaction, with the molar ratio (boron acid and hydrogen peroxide) to lignin at 1:0.4, reacting for 1.5 h at 80 ℃ reaches the highest yields. The phenolic hydroxyl content increased from 3.2167 mmol/g to 17.95 mmol/g. FTIR analysis revealed little structural changes in lignin, except for an increase in hydroxyl absorption peaks, suggesting little side reactions. Compared to unmodified lignin, GPC result reveals that M-EHL exhibited increased molecular weight and narrower distribution.

(3-(5-Mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ureido)ethyl methacrylate (MTUEMA) was synthesized by the reaction of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole and 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate. A polymerizable infrared absorbing dye (R-IR830) was synthesized by the modification reaction of a cyanine dye (IR830, maximum absorbance at 830 nm) with MTUEMA. The heat-sensitive polymer particle containing the R-IR830 unit was prepared by the mini-emulsion copolymerization of styrene, acrylonitrile and R-IR830. A negative-working lithographic printing plate precursor based on the heat-sensitive polymer particle was prepared and studied. The prepared printing plate precursor could afford a high-quality image after the laser exposure step and developing process with rinse water.

Liquid-like polymer coatings offer significant values in the field of anti-fouling coatings due to their ability to eliminate the need for complex nanostructures. In this study, a liquid-like omniphobic anti-fouling coating was synthesized through the copolymerization reaction of epoxy resin (EP), hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer (HDIT), and polydimethylsiloxane(HO-PDMS) molecular brushes. The coating generated a high cross-linking density of rigid oxazolidinone (OX) heterocyclic structures during the polymerization process, which was connected by flexible hexamethylene segments and covalently grafted with liquid-like PDMS molecular brushes. Consequently, the coating exhibited high hardness, excellent flexibility, and dynamic omniphobic anti-fouling performance. The properties of the coating including hardness, bending radius, and sliding angle were tested by using the film hardness testers, cylindrical shaft bending radius testers, and contact angle meters under different curing conditions. Finally, the influences of curing conditions on the coating properties were investigated in conjunction with the above results.

In this paper, catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds (toluene, ethyl acetate and acetaldehyde) was reviewed over manganese based catalysts and over the catalytic combustion mechanism. At present, catalytic oxidation, as one of the important VOCs removal technologies, is widely used in the actual industrial production process because of its high efficiency and environmental protection advantages. Catalytic oxidation technology is of great significance to control and reduce the emission of VOCs. Compared with the precious metal catalyst, although the catalytic efficiency is slightly lower, the price is low, the property is stable and not easy to deactivate. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient non-precious metal catalysts. As one of the non-precious metal catalysts, manganese based catalyst is one of the most studied ones. This paper introduces the research progress and catalytic mechanism of manganese based catalysts, and points out that it is the direction of future efforts to find new catalysts that are easy to recover or easy to synthesize.

Long-text relation extraction constitutes a critical natural language processing task with the objective of extracting structured semantic relations between entities, from lengthy textual documents. Since lengthy texts encompass semantic units of varying granularity, including mentions, entities, and sentences, their contributions to relation inference outcomes exhibit variability. To leverage and integrate this multi-granularity semantic information, this paper proposes a novel evidence-enhanced multiple attention network to explicitly indicate the differential impacts of various levels of semantic units on relation inference. An evidence judgment task is also introduced to guide the model's focus toward sentences containing more pertinent evidence. The proposed method significantly outperforms common baseline models in terms of evaluation metrics based on our experiments on three publicly available long-text relation extraction datasets.

In order to mitigate food waste resulting from irrational pricing and concurrently augment overall business revenue, this paper introduces a finite-shelf-life food dynamic pricing framework denoted as W-DQN, founded upon the principles of deep reinforcement learning theory. Initially, the dynamic pricing problem for perishable goods is formulated as a Markov decision process. Subsequently, a dynamic pricing algorithm model and corresponding reward function are devised to bolster business revenue while curtailing food waste. Experimental findings unequivocally demonstrate that, relative to tabular-based dynamic pricing algorithm models, W-DQN attains commendable returns. Furthermore, the proposed reward function effectively reduces waste. In comparison to conventional pricing approaches, W-DQN significantly diminishes food waste, thereby enhancing overall business revenue.

The factory data collected through IoT technology has a certain temporal sequence, and the distance between the initial moment and the final moment data is long, which leads to low accuracy and low real-time warning of the factory’s temporal data. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes an active warning method for time series data based on the multi-head residual integrated network model (MHR-INM). The method first maps the collected real-time vector data to the corresponding warning space; then extracts the eigenvalues of the vectors through the MHR-INM model, and uses the modified cosine similarity computation method to compute and compare them with the saved time-series eigenvectors of the normal operation of the equipment; and finally compares the results of this computation with the set threshold, thus realizing the active warning of the factory. The experimental results show that the warning accuracy of the model is high compared with the existing methods.

Machine vision systems using 3D point clouds are becoming important for production management and quality control in the printing and packaging industry. Laying eyes on the effectiveness and utility of key point extraction, this paper has made comparison between the traditional hand-crafted algorithms and the deep learning algorithms, also including UAIP, one of our improved algorithms. Furthermore, the efficiency evaluation on key point extraction is from two aspects: quantitative and qualitative. They are in terms of semantic consistency, repeatability and stability. The algorithm adaptations in different contexts are also summarized in the paper. This experiment demonstrates the advantage of the learning-based detectors in key point detection with much more stable and repeatable results than the hand-crafted methods. The accuracy of our improved UAIP method has also been demonstrated better to a certain extent. This research clarifies the difference of key point extraction algorithms for 3D point clouds. With some practical insights on key point detection, it lays the foundation for the further research on point cloud shape.

This study is based on the digitization of quality management in the manufacturing industry and aims to address issues such as redundancy of quality inspection equipment and mismatch between personnel and equipment in pharmaceutical packaging and printing enterprises. It proposes a quality inspection unit description method based on the theory of multi-color sets. Using this method, a multi-color set model for the quality inspection capabilities of pharmaceutical packaging is established. This model can analyze the quality inspection methods and capabilities of each production process of drug packaging, providing theoretical support and method guidance for pharmaceutical packaging enterprises to achieve digitization and intelligence. The study focuses on the quality inspection stage of a specific pharmaceutical packaging enterprise and utilizes a multi-color set-based quality inspection process model to optimize resource allocation for this stage. This has improved the quality inspection efficiency of the pharmaceutical packaging enterprise and laid the foundation for building an intelligent drug packaging quality inspection system.

Machine vision is one of the important application areas of face recognition technology. In order to reduce the size of computer recognition models and optimize the accuracy of algorithm execution, this project proposes a study of a face gender detection system based on PaddleHub. The model programs in Python and uses OpenCV which use face images and videos as input variables for image processing. The results show that the face facial features extraction ability of the enhanced images can be marked significantly and correctly. This model extracts image feature mapping more effectively and greatly improve the recognition speed, accuracy and precision about recognizing face gender detection. It obtains more representative and better classification results, saves human and material resources costs. All in all, it can be more widely used in public security field, military field, intelligent surveillance, etc.

In recent years, machine learning (ML) has been widely applied in material science for material synthesis and molecular structural prediction. However, the application of machine learning in the field of electrochromic devices (ECDs) is relatively limited and only involves traditional solid-state ECDs. In comparison to solid-state devices, liquid devices have simpler structures and better performance, making them a promising research direction for the future.In this study, we explore the effects of ferrous chloride and ferrous sulfate as additives on ammonium metatungstate liquid ECDs. Electrochromic solutions with different concentrations were synthesized using the hydrothermal method, to fabricate three-layer electrode / electrochromic liquid / electrode devices. The alternation of transmittance at different current were measured to calculate the modulation range. Using the measuring results as training data, seven different regression algorithms were used to construct the modulation range models of these two kinds of ECDs, and their generalization ability was compared. In addition, we used different models to predict the solution formulations of ECDs with optimal modulation range, then fabricated new ECDs based on these formulations to verify the predictions.It turns out that modulation range models using decision tree regression and kernel ridge regression have the best prediction performance. In addition, considering the model generalization ability and prediction accuracy for the optimal formulation, decision tree regression is the best ML algorithm for both ammonium metatungstate-ferrous chloride and ammonium metatungstate-ferrous sulfate based ECDs.

To establish a quality evaluation index system for remote maintenance service in the packaging and printing equipment industry, aiming to assess the quality of remote maintenance service and enhance customer satisfaction, this paper takes Shaanxi Beiren as an example. It analyzes the functional architecture of the packaging and printing equipment’s remote maintenance cloud service platform from the perspective of data elements and summarizes three major dimensions and six key functions of remote maintenance service. Building upon this analysis, the paper, in conjunction with on-site research findings, and referencing quality evaluation models such as GB/T 37738-2019 Quality Evaluation Index for Cloud Services, has constructed a quality evaluation index system for remote maintenance service in the packaging and printing equipment industry. This index system provides packaging and printing equipment manufacturers with a reference framework to assess the quality of their maintenance service and identify areas for improvement.

With the promotion and application of unmanned delivery, the navigation method of Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) has become a hot research topic, especially in the research of AGV navigation technology combined with machine vision system. This article introduces an AGV navigation method based on monocular visual SLAM technology. This method uses a monocular camera to collect environmental images and constructs a 2D grid map in real time through the SLAM algorithm to achieve vehicle positioning and navigation functions. The SLAM technology used in this method is ORB-SLAM, which uses the ORB algorithm and Bag of Words (BOW) model for visual feature description and matching, describing and matching feature points through visual word bags to further improve matching efficiency and accuracy. ORB-SLAM performs pose estimation and map construction based on the Bundle Adjustment (BA) graph optimization algorithm, optimizing the pose of all key frames and the position of map points by minimizing the reprojection error, further improving the accuracy and robustness of the map. Finally, the scene map construction, positioning, and autonomous navigation functions of the AGV were simulated and tested based on ROS, and the experimental results show its effectiveness.

Through the research and understanding of the current printing enterprise production mode and the existence of shortcomings, in order to solve the printing enterprise workshop task allocation is not uniform, not in time and lead to low production efficiency, this paper designed through the modularization of the development of the form of the printing enterprise as a whole module is split into the basic module unit, and focus on how to solve the printing enterprise workshop task allocation and other issues, the design and realization of a new information technology printing enterprises Management system. The system as a whole adopts the development mode of B/S architecture, and combines Spring + SpringMVC + MyBatis and other mainstream frameworks to the overall design. Among them, Java programming to achieve the back-end data business logic and database interaction, using MySQL for data interaction, JSP programming to achieve the front-end customer operations and interaction between the system. After testing, the system performs well, greatly improving the productivity of the printing enterprise, and further promoting the development of printing enterprise intelligence.

This paper proposes an innovative method for fast correction of the facial pose in the pitch angle under the limitation of single camera position in online communication, which causes perspective distortion of facial images. Based on facial prior knowledge, the proposed method identifies facial occlusions and designs an optimal key point selection scheme based on regular feature regions. Furthermore, the method achieves fast correction of foreground faces under new viewing angles by using the obtained paired key points, and realizes efficient background completion and edge blending based on sparse optical flow. This method effectively achieves the expected goal of correcting facial poses, relieving the non-real-time nature and realism gap of existing correction methods in online communication.

In recent years, with the development of the information age, text information with subjective emotions has increased exponentially on network platforms. Analyzing emotional texts published around public health events can help relevant personnel understand and grasp people’s emotional trends, thereby making more accurate decisions in public opinion management and guidance. However, with the popularity of social media, Chinese social network texts present problems such as short length, fragmentation, semantic loss, and sparse features. This makes it difficult for sentiment analysis algorithms based on traditional deep learning to make effective emotional judgments and limits their scope of application. To address these issues, this paper proposes a deep learning model for sentiment analysis of public health event public opinion based on pre-training models, bidirectional long short-term memory networks, and attention mechanisms from multiple perspectives. The model details were optimized according to the social attributes and length of the text to improve the model’s ability to capture short text features. Compared with existing classic algorithms in real social network scenarios, this method has better effects in sentiment analysis of public health event public opinion.