Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
MTZ-Fachkongress

Antriebe und Energiesysteme von morgen


Austausch von Automobil- und Energiewirtschaft

Am 14./15. Mai geht es in Chemnitz um die Mobilitätswende durch Elektro- und Wasserstofffahrzeuge.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Erschienen in:
Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

6. Institutional Failure

verfasst von : Farhad Gohardani, Zahra Tizro

Erschienen in: The Political Economy of Iran

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In the last 200 years, Iran has been suffering from what Akhavi (1998: 696) calls “the paradox of institutionalization failure”. The evolutionary theorization of institutions demonstrates that institutions emerge, they are not designed (Popper 1961). They are the products of evolutionary process of chaotic synchronization and not the products of intelligent design. Even when there is an element of conscious design involved in their construction, the consciousness itself is the emergent product of the cultural evolution of the regimes of truth alongside the fact that the interaction between the conscious and unconscious decisions and actions of multiple agents give rise to the emergence of institutions (as such institutions are embedded, incommensurable, and emergent phenomena). North (1990, 2005) attests that institutions make life predictable and stable as they establish the rules of the game in different realms of work, life, and language. Institutions such as constitution, money, language, market, court, family, state, and church—as Hayek (1988) alongside Sugden (1989) and Heiner (1989) theorizes them—are the spontaneous and unintended products of cultural evolutionary processes. In effect, in the context of development, we face two types of institutional changes in the social order, the engineered ones versus the evolutionary ones. Pioneering countries and peoples benefit from the first-mover advantage and sleepwalk into the new institutions through the evolutionary process of blind watchmaking via the work of “vanishing mediators” (Jameson 1988: 25) or “piecemeal tinkering” (Popper 1961: 61), while the belated societies are forced to build the new institutions required to fill the development gap through intelligent design (largely through a ‘copy-paste’ process from the pioneering nations).

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Vorheriges Kapitel Formation of Unstable Coalitions
Nächstes Kapitel Chaotic Order
Fußnoten
1
It is worth noting that Salehi-Isfahani (2018) questions the logic behind Nili’s calculation and offers significantly different evaluation of his own.
 
2
See Latour (1987), Zafirovski (2000), Roth (2007) and Shaikh (2016) on this important point, see also Connolly (2011: 37) and his critique of the notion of externality in economics; see also Dodd 2014.
 
3
For a much less contextually theorized but similar notion, see the use of the notion of ‘symbolic interactionism’ in Dabashi (2010: 209–10).
 
4
The extensive discussions on the failure in building other institutions (such as constitution, polity, banking system, legal system, and education) could not be incorporated in this work due to word limitations.
 
5
For Shia Islam, see Tabatabai (1979), Sobhani (2001), Jafarian (2009), Niazmand (2004), Thurfjell (2006), Dabashi (2011), Ridgeon (2012), Mavani (2013), Hughes (2013), and Arjomand (2016), among others.
 
6
The move from Qanat (networks of underground channels collecting, preserving and controlling water for consumption and agriculture) as a traditional method of controlling water and irrigation emerged through an evolutionary process of chaotic synchronization to building modern dams is another example of social engineering without vanishing mediators with catastrophic consequences. As Latour (1987, cited in Luckhurst 2008: 24) maintains, “To describe a machine … is not just a technical matter: it is also to describe the social relations that are bound into it.” In the context of belated inbetweenness, the whole of social life is littered with examples of projects of reverse social engineering (see Ostrom and Basurto 2011: 321, on the unintended consequences of the social engineering of irrigation systems).
 
Literatur
Abadian, H. (2006). The Crisis of Constitutionality in Iran (in Persian). Tehran: Mo’asseseh-ye Motale’at va Pazhoheshha-ye Siaisi.
Abadian, H. (2009a). Old Concepts and New Ideas: An Introduction to the Iranian Constitutionalism (in Persian). Tehran: Kavir.
Abadian, H. (2009b). The Crisis of the Formation and Consciousness of Intellectuals in Iran (in Persian). Tehran: Kavir.
Abrahamian, E. (1982). Iran Between Two Revolutions. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Abrahamian, E. (1993). Khomeinism: Essays on the Islamic Republic. London: University of California Press.
Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J. A. (2006). Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. Cambridge: CUP.
Adamiyat, F. (1970). The Ideas of Akhundzadeh (in Persian). Tehran: Entesharat-e Amir Kabir (Amir Kabir Publications).
Adib-Moghaddam, A. (2018). Psycho-Nationalism. Cambridge: CUP.
Afkhami, G. R. (2009). The Life and Times of the Shah. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Afshon, O. (2016). Vanguard of the Imam: Religion, Politics, and Iran’s Revolutionary Guards. Oxford: OUP.
Aghaie, K. (2005). Religious Rituals, Social Identities and Political Relationships in Tehran Under Qajar Rule, 1850s–1920s. In R. Gleave (Ed.), Religion and Society in Qajar Iran. London: Routledge.
Ahmadi, H. (2007). The Dilemma of National Interest in the Islamic Republic of Iran. In H. Katouzian & H. Shahidi (Eds.), Iran in the 21st Century: Politics, Economics & Conflict. London: Routledge.
Ahmadi Amoui, B. (2006). The Political Economy of the Islamic Republic (in Persian). Tehran: Gam-e Nou.
Ajodani, M. (2002). Either Death or Modernity (in Persian). Tehran: Nashr-e Akhtaran.
Ajodani, M. (2003). Iranian Constitutionalism (in Persian). Tehran: Nashr-e Akhtaran (Akhtaran Publications).
Akhavi, S. (1998). Social Institutions. Iranian Studies, 31(3–4), 691–701.CrossRef
Amanat, A. (1997). Pivot of the Universe: Nasir al-Din Shah and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831–1896. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Amid, J., & Amjad, H. (2005). Trade, Industrialization and the Firm in Iran: The Impact of Government Policy on Business. London: I.B. Tauris.
Amirahmadi, H. (2012). The Political Economy of Iran Under the Qajars: Society, Politics, Economics and Foreign Relations 1796–1926. New York: I.B. Tauris.
Amuzegar, J. (2014). The Islamic Republic of Iran: Reflections on an Emerging Economy. New York: Routledge.CrossRef
Anderson, B. (1983/2006). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.
Ansari, A. M. (2012). The Politics of Nationalism in Modern Iran. New York: CUP.CrossRef
Arjomand, S. A. (1984). Traditionalism in Twentieth Century Iran. In S. A. Arjomand (Ed.), From Nationalism to Revolutionary Islam (pp. 195–232). Albany: SUNY Press.CrossRef
Arjomand, S. A. (2016). Sociology of Shi’ite Islam: Collected Essays. Leiden: Brill.CrossRef
Armstrong, J. A. (1982). Nations Before Nationalism. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Avini, M. (1997). Development and the Foundations of the Western Civilization (in Persian). Tehran: Nashr-e Saghi.
Azimi, F. (2008). The Quest for Democracy in Iran: A Century of Struggle Against Authoritarian Rule. London: Harvard University Press.
Badamchi, M. (2017). Post-Islamist Political Theory: Iranian Intellectuals and Political Liberalism in Dialogue. New York: Springer.CrossRef
Banakar, R. (2015). Driving Culture in Iran: Law and Society on the Roads of the Islamic Republic. London: I.B. Tauris.
Banisadr, A. (1981). Betrayal of Hope (in Persian). Paris: Entesharat-e Enghelab-e Islami.
Bhabha, H. K. (1988). The Commitment to Theory. New Formations, 5, 5–23.
Binmore, K. (1994–1998). Game Theory and the Social Contract. Volume 1: Playing Fair. Volume 2: Just Playing. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Brew, G. (2017). “What They Need Is Management”: American NGOs, the Second Seven Year Plan and Economic Development in Iran, 1954–1963. The International History Review, 1–22.
Brumberg, D. (1997). Khomeini’s Legacy: Islamic Rule and Islamic Social Justice. In R. Scott Appleby (Ed.), Spokesmen for the Despised: Fundamentalist Leaders of the Middle East. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Cameron, S. (2002). The Economics of Sin: Rational Choice or No Choice at All? Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.CrossRef
Carrington, W., & Detragiache, E. (1998). How Big Is the Brain Drain? Washington: International Monetary Fund.CrossRef
Chehabi, H. E. (1990). Iranian Politics and Religious Modernism: The Liberation Movement of Iran Under the Shah and Khomeini. London: I.B. Tauris.
Chittick, W. C. (2007). Science of the Cosmos, Science of the Soul: The Pertinence of Islamic Cosmology in the Modern World. Oxford: Oneworld.
Connolly, W. E. (2011). A World of Becoming. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Cronin, S. (1997). Army and Creation of the Pahlavi State in Iran, 1921–1926. London: Tauris.
Cronin, S. (Ed.). (2014). Anti-Veiling Campaigns in the Muslim World: Gender, Modernism and the Politics of Dress. London: Routledge.
Crooke, A. (2009). Resistance: The Essence of the Islamist Revolution. London: Pluto Press.
Dabashi, H. (1993). Theology of Discontent: The Ideological Foundation of the Islamic Revolution in Iran. New York: New York University Press.
Dabashi, H. (2010). Iran, the Green Movement and the USA: The Fox and the Paradox. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Dabashi, H. (2011). Shi’ism: A Religion of Protest. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Davidson, A. I. (2001). The Emergence of Sexuality: Historical Epistemology and the Formation of Concepts. Boston: Harvard University Press.
Dinani, G. (2010). The Mystical and Philosophical Teachings of Imam Khomeini (in Persian). Tehran: Khabaronline.
Dodd, N. (2014). The Social Life of Money. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRef
Ehteshami, A. (1995). After Khomeini: The Iranian Second Republic. London: Routledge.
Elster, J. (2015). Explaining Social Behavior: More Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences (revised ed.). Cambridge: CUP.
Euben, R. L. (1999). Enemy in the Mirror: Islamic Fundamentalism and the Limits of Modern Rationalism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRef
Floridi, L. (Ed.). (2004). The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Computing and Information. Oxford: Blackwell.
Flynn, T. R. (2005). Sartre, Foucault, and Historical Reason: Poststructuralist Mapping of History (Vol. 2). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.CrossRef
Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Vintage Books, Random House.
Foucault, M. (1978). The History of Sexuality: Volume 1: An Introduction. New York: Random House.
Foucault, M. (1980). Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972–1977. New York: Pantheon.
Frank, R. H. (2001). Cooperation Through Emotional Commitment. In R. Nesse (Ed.), Evolution and the Capacity for Commitment. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Furlow, C. A. (2005). Islam, Science, and Modernity: From Northern Virginia to Kuala Lumpur. Gainesville: University of Florida.
Ganji, A. (2011). The Reality and Appearance of Khomeini (in Persian). Brentford: H&S Media Ltd.
Ghorashi, H. (2003). Ways to Survive, Battles to Win: Iranian Women Exiles in the Netherlands and the United States. New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Gordon, J. I. V., Button, R. W., Cunningham, K. J., Reid, T. I., & Blickstein, I. (2008). Domestic Trends in the United States, China, and Iran. Pittsburgh: Rand Corporation.
Guillebaud, J.-C. (1999). The Tyranny of Pleasure. New York: Algora Publishing.
Halliwell, M. (2008). Contemporary American Culture. In M. Halliwell & C. Morley (Eds.), American Thought and Culture in the 21st Century. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.CrossRef
Hardin, R. (1995). One for All: The Logic of Group Conflict. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Hayek, F. A. (1988). The Fatal Conceit. The Errors of Socialism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRef
Heiner, R. A. (1989). The Origin of Predictable Dynamic Behavior. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 12(3), 233–257.CrossRef
Holliday, S. J. (2011). Defining Iran: Politics of Resistance. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing.
Holmes, B. (2010). The Symptom and the Subject: The Emergence of the Physical Body in Ancient Greece. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRef
Hovsepian-Bearce, Y. (2016). The Political Ideology of Ayatollah Khamenei: Out of the Mouth of the Supreme Leader of Iran. New York: Routledge.
Hughes, A. W. (2013). Muslim Identities: An Introduction to Islam. New York: Columbia University Press.
Iga, M. (1986). The Thorn in the Chrysanthemum: Suicide and Economic Success in Modern Japan. London: University of California Press.
Jafarian, R. (2007). The Iranian Political Resistant Currents and Organizations (in Persian). Qom: Nashr-e Movarrekh.
Jafarian, R. (2009). The History of Shia Religion in Iran from the Beginning to the Safavid Era (in Persian). Tehran: Nashr-e Elm.
Jahanbakhsh, F. (2001). Islam, Democracy and Religious Modernism in Iran, 1953–2000: From Bazargan to Soroush. Leiden: Brill.
Jameson, F. (1988). The Ideologies of Theory: The Syntax of History. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Juergensmeye, M. (2016). The Global Rise of Religious Nationalism. In S. Ferrari (Ed.), Current Issues in Law and Religion (pp. 41–53). London: Routledge.
Kamaly, H. (2018). God and Man in Tehran: Contending Visions of the Divine from the Qajars to the Islamic Republic. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRef
Kashani-Sabet, F. (1999). Frontier Fictions: Land, Culture, and Shaping the Iranian Nation, 1804–1946. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Kasravi, A. (1946). Our Sisters and Daughters (in Persian). Tehran: Chapkhaneh-ye Payman.
Kasravi, A. (1994). A History of the Constitutional Revolution of Iran (in Persian). Tehran: Amir Kabir Publications.
Katouzian, H. (2004). State and Society Under Reza Shah. In T. Atabaki & E. J. Zurcher (Eds.), Men of Order: Authoritarian Modernization Under Ataturk and Reza Shah (pp. 13–43). London: I.B. Tauris.
Katouzian, H. (2008). Private Parts and Public Discourses in Modern Iran. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 28(2), 283–290.CrossRef
Katouzian, H. (2010). The Persians: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern Iran. London: Yale University Press.
Katouzian, H. (2013). Iran: Politics, History and Literature. New York: Routledge.
Keyssar, A. (2000). The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States. New York: Basic Books.
Khosravi, S. (2008). Young and Defiant in Tehran. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRef
Khosravi, S. (2017). Precarious Lives: Waiting and Hope in Iran. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRef
Kingston, J. (2004). Japan’s Quiet Transformation: Social Change and Civil Society in the 21st Century. London: RoutledgeCurzon.CrossRef
Kusha, H. R. (2002). The Sacred Law of Islam: A Case Study of Women’s Treatment in the Islamic Republic of Iran’s Criminal Justice System. New York: Ashgate.
Latour, B. (1987). Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers Through Society. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Lewis, D. (1969). Convention: A Philosophical Study. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Litvak, M. (Ed.). (2017). Constructing Nationalism in Iran: From the Qajars to the Islamic Republic. New York: Routledge.
Liu, M. T.-L. (2000). States and Urban Revolutions: Explaining the Revolutionary Outcomes in Iran and Poland. In R. H. T. O’Kane (Ed.), Revolution: Critical Concepts in Political Science (Vol. 4). London: Taylor & Francis.
Luckhurst, R. (2008). The Trauma Question. London: Routledge.
Maloney, S. (2015). Iran’s Political Economy Since the Revolution. Cambridge: CUP.CrossRef
Malkam Khan. (1891). Persian Civilisation. Contemporary Review, 59, 238–244.
Marashi, A. (2008). Nationalizing Iran: Culture, Power, and the State, 1870–1940. London: University of Washington Press.
Martin, V. (2013). Iran Between Islamic Nationalism and Secularism: The Constitutional Revolution of 1906. London: British Academic Press.
Mavani, H. (2013). Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi’ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini. London: Routledge.CrossRef
Milani, A. (2011). The Shah. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Mir, C. (1993). Nasim Shomal and the Woman Issue in the Constitutional Era (in Persian). Irannameh shomareh-ye 36, Tabestan-e 1372.
Mirsepassi, A. (2004). The Tragedy of the Iranian Left. In S. Cronin (Ed.), Reformers and Revolutionaries in Modern Iran: New Perspectives on the Iranian Left. London: Routledge.
Mirsepassi, A. (2017). Transnationalism in Iranian Political Thought: The Life and Times of Ahmad Fardid. Cambridge: CUP.CrossRef
Moaddel, M. (1993). Class, Politics, and Ideology in the Iranian Revolution. New York: Columbia University Press.
Moaddel, M. (2011). Foucault and the Iranian Revolution: Gender and the Seduction of Islamism. Iranian Studies, 44(1), 127–131.CrossRef
Moaveni, A. (2005). Lipstick Jihad. A Memoir of Growing Up Iranian in America and American in Iran. New York: Public Affairs.
Mohajerinejad, R. (2010). Live Generation: Iran’s 1999 Student Uprising that Opened the Door for Secular Democracy. Bloomington: iUniverse.
Mohammadi, M. (2008). Judicial Reform and Reorganization in 20th Century Iran: State-Building, Modernization and Islamicization. London: Routledge.
Moin, B. (1999). Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah. London: I.B. Tauris.
Montazeri, H. A. (2001). The Book of Memoirs of Ayatollah Montazeri (in Persian). Paris: Ettehadieh-ye nasheran-e Irani dar Oroupa.
Naficy, H. (1993). The Making of Exile Cultures: Iranian Television in Los Angeles. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press.
Najmabadi, A. (2005). Women with Mustaches and Men Without Beards: Gender and Sexual Anxieties of Iranian Modernity. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Naraghi, A. (2018). Religious Intellectuals and Their Roles in the Future of Iran (in Persian). BBC Persian.
Nasr, S. H. (1989). Knowledge and the Sacred. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Nasr, S. V. R. (2001). Islamic Leviathan: Islam and the Making of State Power. Religion and Global Politics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Niazmand, R. (2004). What Does Shia Say and What Does It Want? Shia in the History of Iran (in Persian). Tehran: Hekayat-e Ghalam-e Novin.
Nili, M. (2016). Masoud Nili’s Tale (in Persian). Donya-ye Eghtesad, No. 4143, News No: 1116216.
North, D. (1990). Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge: CUP.CrossRef
North, D. (2005). Understanding the Process of Economic Change. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRef
Paidar, P. (1995). Women and the Political Process in Twentieth-Century Iran. Cambridge: CUP.
Parsi, T. (2008). Israeli–Iranian Relations Assessed: Strategic Competition from the Power Cycle Perspective. In H. Katouzian & H. Shahidi (Eds.), Iran in the 21st Century: Politics, Economics and Confrontation. London: Routledge.
Pesaran, E. (2011). Iran’s Struggle for Economic Independence: Reform and Counter-Reform. London: Routledge.CrossRef
Pollack, K. (2004). The Persian Puzzle: Deciphering the Twenty-Five-Year Conflict Between the United States and Iran. New York: Random House LLC.
Popper, K. R. (1961). The Poverty of Historicism. New York: Routledge.
Rahnema, A. (2005). Religious Forces in the Context of the National Movement (in Persian). Tehran: Gam-e nou.
Ramazani, N. (2002). The Dance of the Rose and the Nightingale. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
Ridgeon, L. (Ed.). (2012). Shi’i Islam and Identity: Religion, Politics and Change in the Global Muslim Community. London: Tauris.
Riesebrodt, M. (1998). Pious Passion: The Emergence of Modern Fundamentalism in the United States and Iran. California: University of California Press.
Rizvi, S. H. (2009). Mulla Sadra and Metaphysics: Modulation of Being. London: Routledge.
Rorty, R. (1989). Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity. Cambridge: CUP.CrossRef
Roth, A. E. (2007). Repugnance as a Constraint on Markets. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21(3), 37–58.CrossRef
Rothenberg, J. C. (2011). Inside the Revolution: How the Followers of Jihad, Jefferson & Jesus Are Battling to Dominate the Middle East and Transform the World. Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers.
Sadler, P. (2002). Building Tomorrow’s Company: A Guide to Sustainable Business Success. London: Kogan Page Publishers.
Schayegh, C. (2010). Seeing Like a State’: An Essay on the Historiography of Modern Iran. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 42(1), 37–61.CrossRef
Sedghi, H. (2007). Women and Politics in Iran: Veiling, Unveiling, and Reveiling. Cambridge: CUP.CrossRef
Sen, A. (1982). Rational Fools: A Critique of the Behavioural Foundations of Economic Theory. In A. K. Sen (Ed.), Choice, Welfare and Measurement. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Shaikh, A. (2016). Capitalism: Competition, Conflict, Crises. Oxford: OUP.CrossRef
Shapiro, M. J. (2001). For Moral Ambiguity: National Culture and the Politics of the Family. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Sheikh, N. S. (2003). The New Politics of Islam: Pan-Islamic Policy in a World of States. London: Routledge.CrossRef
Shimamoto, T. (1987). ‘Re-evaluation of Shaykh Fazl al-lah-e Nuri’s Position’ in the Constitutional Revolution. Orient, 23, 94–112.CrossRef
Shoukat, H. (2006). Subject to Catastrophes (in Persian). Tehran: Nashr-e Akhtaran.
Skocpol, T. (1982). Rentier State and Shi’a Islam in the Iranian Revolution. Theory and Society, 11(3), 265–283.CrossRef
Skyrms, B. (2004). The Stag Hunt and the Evolution of Social Structure. Cambridge: CUP.
Smith, A. D. (1999). Myths and Memories of the Nation. New York: OUP.
Smith, A. D. (2003). Chosen Peoples: Sacred Sources of National Identity. New York: OUP.
Sobhani, J. (2001). Doctrines of Shi’i Islam: A Compendium of Imami Beliefs and Practices. London: I.B. Tauris.
Sohrabi, N. (2012). Taken for Wonder: Nineteenth Century Travel Accounts from Iran to Europe. Oxford: OUP.CrossRef
Sugden, R. (1989). Spontaneous Order. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3(4), 85–97.CrossRef
Suzumura, K. (2016). Choice, Preferences, and Procedures: A Rational Choice Theoretic Approach. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.CrossRef
Tabatabai, M. Ḥ. (1979). Shi’ite Islam (S. H. Nasr, ed.). Albany: Sunny Press.
Taheri, A. (2010). The Persian Night: Iran Under the Khomeinist Revolution. London: Encounter Books.
Talebi, S. (2011). Ghosts of Revolution: Rekindled Memories of Imprisonment in Iran. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Tavakoli-Targhi, M. (2001). Refashioning Iran: Orientalism, Occidentalism, and Historiography. Basingstoke: Palgrave.CrossRef
Thurfjell, D. (2006). Living Shi’ism: Instances of Ritualisation Among Islamist Men in Contemporary Iran. Boston: Leiden.
Tibi, B. (2014). Political Islam, World Politics and Europe: From Jihadist to Institutional Islamism. London: Routledge.CrossRef
Tizro, Z. (2012). Domestic Violence in Iran: Women, Marriage and Islam. London: Routledge.
Tripp, C. (2006). Islam and the Moral Economy: The Challenge of Capitalism. Cambridge: CUP.CrossRef
Tripp, C. (2013). The Power and the People: Paths of Resistance in the Middle East. Cambridge: CUP.
Urbinati, N. (2015). The Tyranny of the Moderns. London: Yale University Press.CrossRef
Vaziri, M. (1993). Iran as Imagined Nation: The Construction of National Identity. New York: Paragon.
Ward, S. R. (2014). Immortal: A Military History of Iran and Its Armed Forces. Washington: Georgetown University Press.
Williamson, O. E. (2000). The New Institutional Economics: Taking Stock, Looking Ahead. Journal of Economic Literature, 38(3), 595–613.CrossRef
Williamson, O. E. (2005). The Economics of Governance. The American Economic Review, 95(2), 1–18.CrossRef
Williamson, O. E. (2010). Transaction Cost Economics: The Natural Progression. American Economic Review, 100, 673–690.CrossRef
Willis, P. (1990). Common Culture: Symbolic Work at Play in the Everyday Cultures of the Young. New York: Westview Press.
Wilson, C. (2008). Epicureanism at the Origins of Modernity. Oxford: OUP.CrossRef
Zafirovski, M. Z. (2000). An Alternative Sociological Perspective on Economic Value: Price Formation as a Social Process. International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, 14(2), 265–295.CrossRef
Zaidi, A. (2011). Islam, Modernity, and the Human Sciences. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRef
Zia-Ebrahimi, R. (2016). The Emergence of Iranian Nationalism: Race and the Politics of Dislocation. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Institutional Failure
verfasst von
Farhad Gohardani
Zahra Tizro
Copyright-Jahr
2019
Buch
The Political Economy of Iran

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-10637-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-10638-6

Copyright-Jahr: 2019

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10638-6_6

Premium Partner

    Bildnachweise