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2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

21. International Pastoral Land Law

verfasst von : Ian Hannam

Erschienen in: International Farm Animal, Wildlife and Food Safety Law

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter discusses aspects of international and national environmental law for pastoral land and outlines frameworks for legislative reforms to achieve sustainable use of pastoral lands. International and national legal instruments and institutional systems play a significant role in pastoral land conservation. At the international level, it discusses a number of multilateral agreements that could be better used to promote the sustainable use of pastoral land. Two national level approaches to reform environmental law for pastoral land are presented; for Mongolia and the People’s Republic of China respectively, and they may offer useful guidelines for other countries to follow in environmental law reform for pastoral land management.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Phytoremediation and the Legal Study of Soil, Animals and Plants
Nächstes Kapitel Zoonotic Diseases and Food Safety
Fußnoten
1
See WISP (2007), pp. 1–4.
 
2
See FAO (2001), Introduction.
 
3
See also FAO (2001).
 
4
See Nori and Davies (2007), p. 4.
 
5
See also Nori and Davies (2007), p. 6.
 
6
See Abildtrup et al. (2006), p. 5.
 
7
See Nori et al. (2005), p. 10; Fernandez-Gimenez (2006), pp. 30–35; Taylor (2006), pp. 374–386.
 
8
See Friedel et al. (2000), pp. 227–262; Neely et al. (2009), pp. 3–8.
 
9
See Dong et al. (2011), pp. 10–11.
 
10
See Halimova (2012), pp. 307–308.
 
11
See Grossman and Brussaard (1992) and Chalifour et al. (2007).
 
12
See also Chalifour et al. (2007).
 
13
See White et al. (2002), p. 2.
 
14
See UNEP (1982), I. General Principles and II. Functions.
 
15
See UN (1992a), Principle 11.
 
16
See UN (1992b).
 
17
See Chapters 8, 38 and 39 of Agenda 21 which discuss international legal instruments and mechanisms.
 
18
See UN (2014).
 
19
See UN (2012) adopted at Rio + 20 2012, paras 245–251; see also UN 2015 Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
 
20
UN (1995).
 
21
See Neely et al. (2009), p. vii.
 
22
See also Neely et al. (2009), p. 3.
 
23
See CCD Articles 9–18.
 
24
See CCD Articles 19–21.
 
25
See Secretariat CCD (2000); European Commission (2000), pp. 1–5.
 
26
Unlike the CBD and FCCC, the CCD does not have a provision for making a protocol under the Convention. However, Article 30 provides for amendments to the CCD and provided all parties agreed the Convention could be amended to include a provision for the adoption of protocols. Should this happen a protocol for the management of pastoral land could be considered.
 
27
See Secretariat CCD (2007), 8th session, Conference of the Parties, Madrid 3–14 September 2007, ICCD/COP (8)/16/Add.1, 23 October 2007.
 
28
See UNEP (1995a).
 
29
See CBD Article 16.
 
30
See CBD Article 1.
 
31
See CBD Articles 6–10.
 
32
See CBD Article 16.
 
33
See Miller and Lanou (1995); Prip et al. (2010), Part 1, pp. 10–22.
 
34
See Article 28, Adoption of Protocols.
 
35
Decision X2, COP10.
 
36
COP8 decision VI/5 2006.
 
37
Decision X/2 COP10 18–29 October 2010 adopted a revised and updated Strategic Plan for Biodiversity, including the Aichi Biodiversity Targets for 2011–2020.
 
38
COP11 called for major global efforts for ecosystem restoration, including restoring soils in agricultural systems being the major opportunity in terms of current extent of degraded area, addressing social, economic and environment benefits and achieving multiple objectives.
 
39
See UNEP (1995b).
 
40
See Squires (1998), p. 209; Squires and Glenn (1997), pp. 140–143.
 
41
See Neely et al. (2009), pp. 5–13.
 
42
See Kyoto (1997), it is intended that a new agreement will be forged in Paris in 2015 or thereafter.
 
43
See Wilkes et al. (2011), pp. 10–12.
 
44
See IUCN (2004), most of the 75 Articles have relevance to pastoral land management.
 
45
See African Convention (2003), in particular Articles I–VIII, X–XVI.
 
46
See Kurucz (1993), p. 468.
 
47
See Schlager and Ostrom (1992), pp. 249–251; Hannam and Boer (2002), Section 4, pp. 33–54.
 
48
See e.g. Western Land Act 1901 NSW Australia.
 
49
See Hannam (2000), pp. 168–169; Hannam (2007), pp. 8–15.
 
50
See Grossman and Brussaard (1992).
 
51
See Hannam (2007), pp. 14–15.
 
52
See also Grossman and Brussaard (1992); Flintan (2012), pp. 13–21.
 
53
See Chalifour et al. (2007).
 
54
See De Klemm and Shine (1993), pp. 1–24.
 
55
See e.g., Native Vegetation Act 2003 New South Wales, Australia.
 
56
See Tarasofsky (1999), pp. 5–7.
 
57
See also Grossman and Brussaard (1992).
 
58
See also Neely et al. (2009), pp. 25–27.
 
59
See Swift (2007), pp. 9–10.
 
60
Around 122 million ha of Mongolia is devoted to nomadic pastoralism: 4.6 % of this lies in the alpine zone, 22.9 % in the forest steppe zone, 28 % in the steppe zone, 23.3 % in the semi-desert zone and 16.2 % in the desert.
 
61
See ADB (2013a), pp. 4–10.
 
62
See Article 3.1.6 Land Law 2002.
 
63
See Mongolian Government (2007), pp. 1–2.
 
64
See also Fernandez-Gimenez (2006), pp. 30–35.
 
65
See Mongolian Government (2009), pp. 1–2.
 
66
See also Mongolian Government (2010), pp. 51–52.
 
67
See also Fernandez-Gimenez (2006), p. 33.
 
68
See Squires (2012).
 
69
See Batima (2006).
 
70
See Hannam (2007), p. 59; Mongolian Government (2009) Government policy towards herders. 4 June 2009, Resolution 39, Ulaanbaatar.
 
71
Mongolian Government (2010), pp. 51–52; ADB (2011) Inception report, ADB R-CDTA 7534, Strengthening carbon financing for regional grassland management in Northeast Asia; ADB (2013a), pp. 1–7.
 
72
See also ADB (2013a), pp. 23–25.
 
73
See KPMG (2011), p. 12.
 
74
See Hannam (2012), p. 58.
 
75
See Brown et al. (2008), p. 2.
 
76
See Du and Hannam (2012), pp. 1–2.
 
77
See Ren et al. (2008) and Williams et al. (2009).
 
78
See GEF (2000), p. 2.
 
79
Du and Hannam (2012), p. 2.
 
80
See Ren et al. (2008), p. 200; Williams et al. (2009), p. 219.
 
81
See Du and Hannam (2012), pp. 3–6.
 
82
See UNEP (1995a).
 
83
See Jiang (2007), p. 2.
 
84
See Du and Hannam (2012), p. 26.
 
85
See Du and Hannam (2012), p. 8.
 
86
See Du and Hannam (2012), pp. 138–140.
 
87
E.g., a special annex under Article 31 of the CCD, or a protocol under Article 28 of CBD.
 
88
See Hannam and Boer (2002), pp. 44–45.
 
89
See Hannam (2004), pp. 14–18; Commonwealth of Australia (2010), pp. 7–9.
 
90
See ADB (2013b).
 
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Metadaten
Titel
International Pastoral Land Law
verfasst von
Ian Hannam
Copyright-Jahr
2017
Buch
International Farm Animal, Wildlife and Food Safety Law

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-18001-4

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-18002-1

Copyright-Jahr: 2017

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18002-1_21