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Erschienen in:
Introduction into Physical Oceanography Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

30. International Principles of Marine Environmental Protection

verfasst von : Gerd Winter

Erschienen in: Handbook on Marine Environment Protection

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This contribution starts with clarifying the role principles play as a form into which propositions of environmental protection are brought. It is submitted that the role principles play in political-legal practice, in legal reasoning and in positivist texts should be distinguished. On this basis various contents of international principles of marine environmental protection are discussed, including cooperation, “neminem laedere”, precaution, environmental impact assessment, marine scientific research, transparency/participation, sustainability, and common heritage of mankind.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Institutional Framework for Marine Environmental Governance
Nächstes Kapitel Overview of Management Strategies and Instruments
Fußnoten
1
Rylands v. Fletcher (1868) 3 LR HL 330 where Lord Cairns suggests the terms natural/ non-natural citing Justice Blackburn for the reference to reason and justice.
 
2
For an in-depth analysis of the relationship between principles and codified law see Esser 1996, p. 141 et seq. See also his observation (p. 223) that there has emerged a convergence of continental axiomatic and Anglo-American topical thought.
 
3
See Lang 1999, p. 171 who suggests that “three different categories of principles of a decreasing legally binding nature” should be distinguished, i.e. principles of existing law, principles of emerging law, and potential principles of law.
 
4
Gabčíkovo Nagymaros Case 1997, p. 75.
 
5
For more functions of principles, e.g. in relation to extra-legal negotiation and self-regulation, see Verschuuren 2003, pp. 38 et seq.
 
6
Binding decisions of international organizations are often categorized as emanating from treaties and thus being (indirect) treaty law. However, such categorization would ignore that many international organizations have established themselves as (de facto) powerful public authorities. Cf. v. Bogdandy/ Dann/ Goldmann 2010, pp. 30 et seq.; Bodansky 1999.
 
7
For further duties see Arts. 117 (living resources in the High Seas), 199 (contingency plans for pollution incidents), 208 (4) (sea-bed activities), Art. 210 (4) (dumping), 211 (1) (pollution from vessels), 212 (3) (pollution from and through atmosphere), 226 (2) (inspection of foreign vessels), 235 (3) (liability for environmental damage). See further Tanaka 2015, p. 278.
 
8
See however Art. 196 concerning the introduction of alien species.
 
9
In Pfizer the Court of First Instance (CFI) qualified the precautionary principle somewhat more restrictively (Pfizer, CFI 2002 para. 144): “Rather, it follows from the Community Courts’ interpretation of the precautionary principle that a preventive measure may be taken only if the risk, although the reality and extent thereof have not been ‘fully’ demonstrated by conclusive scientific evidence, appears nevertheless to be adequately backed up by the scientific data available at the time when the measure was taken.”
 
10
ECJ C-284/95 Safety High-Tech [1998] E.C.R. I-2603 (para. 49).
 
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Metadaten
Titel
International Principles of Marine Environmental Protection
verfasst von
Gerd Winter
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Buch
Handbook on Marine Environment Protection

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-60154-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-60156-4

Copyright-Jahr: 2018

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60156-4_30