nach oben

Erschienen in:

2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. Introduction—Measurement Techniques and Applications

verfasst von : Bharat Bhushan

Erschienen in: Nanotribology and Nanomechanics

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

In this introduction chapter, the definition and history of tribology, its industrial significance and origins, and the significance of nanotribology and nanomechanics are described. Next, various measurement techniques used in nanotribological and nanomechanical studies are described. Interest in the nanotribology field grew from magnetic storage devices and, later, the applicability to the general field of micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) became clear. A few examples of magnetic storage devices and MEMS/NEMS and BioMEMS/NEMS are presented where nanotribological and nanomechanical tools and techniques are essential for interfacial studies. Finally, reasons why nanotribological and nanomechanical studies may be important in some applications are presented. In the last section, the organization of the book is presented.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Nächstes Kapitel Scanning Probe Microscopy—Principle of Operation, Instrumentation, and Probes

Alexander S, Hellemans L, Marti O, Schneir J, Elings V, Hansma PK (1989) An atomic-resolution atomic-force microscope implemented using an optical lever. J Appl Phys 65:164–167CrossRef

Amontons G (1699) De la resistance causee dans les machines. Memoires de l’Academie Royale A, pp 257–282

Bhushan B (1996) Tribology and mechanics of magnetic storage devices, 2nd edn. Springer, New YorkCrossRef

Bhushan B (1997) Micro/nanotribology and its applications, NATO ASI series E: applied sciences 330. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, NetherlandsCrossRef

Bhushan B (1998) Tribology issues and opportunities in MEMS. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, NetherlandsCrossRef

Bhushan B (1999) Handbook of micro/nanotribology, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida

Bhushan B (2000) Mechanics and reliability of flexible magnetic media, 2nd edn. Springer, New YorkCrossRef

Bhushan B (2001a) Fundamentals of tribology and bridging the gap between the macro- and micro/nanoscales. In: NATO science series II: mathematics, physics, and chemistry, vol 10. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands

Bhushan B (2001b) Macro- and microtribology of magnetic storage devices. In: Modern tribology handbook, vol 2—materials, coatings, and industrial applications. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp 1413–1513

Bhushan B (2005) Nanotribology and nanomechanics. Wear 259:1507–1531CrossRef

Bhushan B (2008a) Nanotribology, nanomechanics and nanomaterials characterization. Phil Trans Roy Soc A 366:1351–1381MathSciNetCrossRef

Bhushan B (2008b) Nanotribology and nanomechanics in nano/biotechnology. Phil Trans Roy Soc A 366:1499–1537MathSciNetCrossRef

Bhushan B (2010) Biophysics of human hair: structural, nanomechanical and nanotribological studies. Springer, GermanyCrossRef

Bhushan B (2011) Nanotribology and nanomechanics I—measurement techniques and nanomechanics; II—nanotribology, biomimetics, and Industrial applications. Springer, Germany

Bhushan B (2013a) Principles and applications of tribology, 2nd edn. Wiley, New YorkCrossRef

Bhushan B (2013b) Introduction to tribology, 2nd edn. Wiley, New YorkCrossRef

Bhushan B (2016) Encyclopedia of nanotechnology, 2nd edn. Springer, SwitzerlandCrossRef

Bhushan B (2017a) Springer handbook of nanotechnology, 4th edn. Springer, Switzerland

Bhushan B (2017b) Biophysics of skin and its treatments—structural, nanotribological, and nanomechanical studies. Springer, SwitzerlandCrossRef

Bhushan B, Ruan J (1994) Atomic-scale friction measurements using friction force microscopy: Part II—application to magnetic media. ASME J Tribol 116:389–396CrossRef

Bhushan B, Gupta BK (1991) Handbook of tribology: materials, coatings, and surface treatments. McGraw-Hill, New York; Reprinted with corrections, Krieger Publishing Co., Malabar, Florida (1997)

Bhushan B, Li X (2003) Nanomechanical characterisation of solid surfaces and thin films, (Invited). Inter Mater Rev 48:125–164CrossRef

Bhushan B, Koinkar VN, Ruan J (1994) Microtribology of magnetic media. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part J: J Eng Tribol 208:17–29

Bhushan B, Israelachvili JN, Landman U (1995) Nanotribology: friction, wear and lubrication at the atomic scale. Nature 374:607–616CrossRef

Bhushan B, Kulkarni AV, Bonin W, Wyrobek JT (1996) Nanoindentation and picoindentation measurements using a capacitive transducer system in atomic force microscopy. Philos Mag A 74:1117–1128CrossRef

Bhushan B, Fuchs H, Hosaka S (2004) Applied scanning probe methods. Springer, GermanyCrossRef

Bhushan B, Tokachichu DR, Keener MT, Lee SC (2005) Morphology and adhesion of biomolecules on silicon based surfaces. Acta Biomater 1:327–341CrossRef

Bhushan B, Tokachichu DR, Keener MT, Lee SC (2006) Nanoscale adhesion, friction, and wear studies of biomolecules on silicon based surfaces. Acta Biomater 2:39–49CrossRef

Binnig G, Rohrer H, Gerber Ch, Weibel E (1982) Surface studies by scanning tunnelling microscopy. Phys Rev Lett 49:57–61CrossRef

Binnig G, Quate CF, Gerber Ch (1986) Atomic force microscope. Phys Rev Lett 56:930–933CrossRef

Binnig G, Gerber Ch, Stoll E, Albrecht TR, Quate CF (1987) Atomic resolution with atomic force microscope. Europhys Lett 3:1281–1286CrossRef

Bowden FP, Tabor D (1964) The Friction and Lubrication of Solids, vol 1 (1950) and vol 2. Clarendon Press, Oxford

Castillo J, Bhushan B (2006) Tribology of hard disk drives—magnetic data storage technology. In: Totten GE (ed) Handbook of lubrication and tribology, vol 1—application and maintenance, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida, pp 16-1–16-44

Chan DYC, Horn RG (1985) The drainage of thin liquid films between solid surfaces. J Chem Phys 83:5311–5324CrossRef

Chen RJ, Choi HC, Bangsaruntip S, Yenilmez E, Tang X, Wang Q, Chang WL, Dai H (2004) An investigation of the mechanisms of electrode sensing of protein adsorption on carbon nanotube devices. J Am Chem Soc 126:1563–1568CrossRef

Christenson HK (1988) Adhesion between surfaces in unsaturated vapors—a reexamination of the influence of meniscus curvature and surface forces. J Colloid Interface Sci 121:170–178CrossRef

Coulomb CA (1785) Theorie des machines simples, en ayant regard an Frottement de leurs Parties et a la Roideur des Cordages. Mem Math Phys X, Paris 161–342

Davidson CSC (1957) Bearings since the stone age. Engineering 183:2–5

Decuzzi P, Lee S, Bhushan B, Ferrari M (2005) A theoretical model for the margination of particles with blood vessels. Annals Biomed Eng 33:179–190CrossRef

Dowson D (1998) History of tribology, 2nd edn. Institution Mechanical Engineers, London

Gee ML, McGuiggan PM, Israelachvili JN, Homola AM (1990) Liquid to solid-like transitions of molecularly thin films under shear. J Chem Phys 93:1895–1906CrossRef

Georges JM, Millot S, Loubet JL, Tonck A (1993) Drainage of thin liquid films between relatively smooth surfaces. J Chem Phys 98:7345–7360CrossRef

Georges JM, Tonck A, Mazuyer D (1994) Interfacial friction of wetted monolayers. Wear 175:59–62CrossRef

Granick S (1991) Motions and relaxations of confined liquids. Science 253:1374–1379CrossRef

Hirz SJ, Homola AM, Hadzioannou G, Frank SW (1992) Effect of substrate on shearing properties of ultrathin polymer films. Langmuir 8:328–333CrossRef

Holm R (1946) Electrical contacts. Springer, New York

Homola AM (1989) Measurement of and relation between the adhesion and friction of two surfaces separated by thin liquid and polymer films. ASME J Tribol 111:675–682CrossRef

Homola AM (1993) Interfacial friction of molecularly thin liquid films. Miyoshi K, Chung YW (eds) Surface diagnostics in tribology. World Scientific Publishing, River Edge, New Jersey, pp 271–298

Homola AM, Israelachvili JN, Gee ML, McGuiggan PM (1989) Measurement of and relation between the adhesion and friction of two surfaces separated by thin liquid and polymer films. ASME J Tribol 111:675–682CrossRef

Homola AM, Israelachvili JN, McGuiggan PM, Gee ML (1990) Fundamental experimental studies in tribology: the transition from interfacial friction of undamaged molecularly smooth surfaces. Wear 136:65–83CrossRef

Homola AM, Nguyen HV, Hadzioannou G (1991) Influence of monomer architecture on the shear properties of molecularly thin polymer melts. J Chem Phys 94:2346–2351CrossRef

Horn RG (1990) Surface forces and their action in ceramic materials. Am Ceram Soc 73:1117–1135CrossRef

Horn RG, Israelachvili JN (1988) Molecular organization and viscosity of a thin film of molten polymer between two surfaces as probed by force measurements. Macromolecules 21:2836–2841CrossRef

Horn RG, Smith DT, Haller W (1989) Surface forces and viscosity of water measured between silica sheets. Chem Phys Lett 162:404–408CrossRef

Hornbeck LJ (1999) A digital light processing™ update—status and future applications. Proc SPIE 3634:158–170CrossRef

Hornbeck LJ, Nelson WE (1988) Bistable deformable mirror devices. In: OSA technical digest series, vol 8, spatial light modulators and applications. OSA Washington, pp 107–110

Hu WW, Carson GA, Granick S (1991) Relaxation time of confined liquids under shear. Phys Rev Lett 66:2758–2761CrossRef

Israelachvili JN (1987) Solvation forces and liquid structure—as probed by direct force measurements. Acc Chem Res 20:415–421CrossRef

Israelachvili JN (1989) Techniques for direct measurements of forces between surfaces in liquids at the atomic scale. Chemtracts—Anal Phys Chem 1:1–12

Israelachvili JN (1992) Intermolecular and surface forces, 2nd edn. Academic Press, San Diego

Israelachvili JN, Adams GE (1978) Measurement of friction between two mica surfaces in aqueous electrolyte solutions in the range 0–100 nm. Chem Soc J Faraday Trans I 74:975–1001

Israelachvili JN, McGuiggan PM (1988) Forces between surface in liquids. Science 241:795–800CrossRef

Israelachvili JN, Tabor D (1972) The measurement of van der waals dispersion forces in the range of 1.5–130 nm. Proc R Soc Lond A331:19–38CrossRef

Israelachvili JN, McGuiggan PM, Homola AM (1988) Dynamic properties of molecularly thin liquid films. Science 240:189–190CrossRef

Jost P (1966) Lubrication (tribology)—A report on the present position and industry’s needs. Dept. of Education and Science, H.M. Stationary Office, London

Jost P (1976) Economic impact of tribology. In: Proceedings mechanical failures prevention group, NBS Spec. Pub. 423, Gaithersburg, Maryland

Klein J (1980) Forces between mica surfaces bearing layers of adsorbed polystyrene in cyclohexane. Nature 288:248–250CrossRef

Klein J, Perahia D, Warburg S (1991) Forces between polymer-bearing surfaces undergoing shear. Nature 352:143–145CrossRef

Layard AG (1853) Discoveries in the ruins of nineveh and babylon, I and II. John Murray, Albemarle Street, London

Liu H, Bhushan B (2004a) Nanotribological characterization of digital micromirror devices using an atomic force microscope. Ultramicroscopy 100:391–412CrossRef

Liu H, Bhushan B (2004b) Investigation of nanotribological and nanomechanical properties of the digital micromirror device by atomic force microscope. J Vac Sci Technol A 22:1388–1396CrossRef

Liu H, Bhushan B (2004c) Bending and fatigue study on a nanoscale hinge by an atomic force microscope. Nanotechnology 15:1246–1251CrossRef

Loubet JL, Bauer M, Tonck A, Bec S, Gauthier-Manuel B (1993) Nanoindentation with a surface force apparatus. In: Nastasi M et al (ed) Mechanical properties and deformation behavior of materials having ultra-fine microstructures. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 429–447

Luengo G, Schmitt FJ, Hill R, Israelachvili JN (1997) Thin film bulk rheology and tribology of confined polymer melts: contrasts with build properties. Macromolecues 30:2482–2494CrossRef

Maharaj D, Bhushan B (2015) Friction, wear and mechanical behavior of nano-objects on the nanoscale. Mater Sci Eng R 95:1–43CrossRef

Martin FJ, Grove C (2001) Microfabricated drug delivery systems: concepts to improve clinical benefits. Biomed Microdevices 3:97–108CrossRef

Meyer G, Amer NM (1988) Novel optical approach to atomic force microscopy. Appl Phys Lett 53:1045–1047CrossRef

Parish WF (1935) Three thousand years of progress in the development of machinery and lubricants for the hand crafts. Mill and Factory 16 and 17

Pashley RM (1981) Hydration forces between solid surfaces in aqueous electrolyte solutions. J Colloid Interface Sci 80:153–162CrossRef

Patel SS, Tirrell M (1989) Measurement of forces between surfaces in polymer fluids. Annu Rev Phys Chem 40:597–635CrossRef

Peachey J, Van Alsten J, Granick S (1991) Design of an apparatus to measure the shear response of ultrathin liquid films. Rev Sci Instrum 62:463–473CrossRef

Petroff NP (1883) Friction in Machines and the effects of the lubricant. Engng. J. (in Russian) St. Petersburg, pp 71–140, 228–279, 377–436, 535–564

Reynolds OO (1886) On the theory of lubrication and its applications to Mr. Beauchamp tower’s experiments. Philos Trans R Soc (London) 117:157–234CrossRef

Ruan J, Bhushan B (1994a) Atomic-scale friction measurements using friction force microscopy: Part I -general principles and new measurement techniques. ASME J Tribol 116:378–388CrossRef

Ruan J, Bhushan B (1994b) Atomic-scale and microscale friction of graphite and diamond using friction force microscopy. J Appl Phys 76:5022–5035CrossRef

Smith CP, Maeda M, Atanasoska L, White HS (1988) Ultrathin platinum films on mica and measurement of forces at the platinum/water interface. J Phys Chem 95:199–205CrossRef

Tabor D, Winterton RHS (1969) The direct measurement of normal and retarded van der waals forces. Proc R Soc Lond A 312:435–450CrossRef

Tonck A, Georges JM, Loubet JL (1988) Measurements of intermolecular forces and the rheology of dodecane between alumina surfaces. J Colloid and Interf Sci 126:1540–1563CrossRef

Tower B (1884) Report on friction experiments. Proc Instn Mech Engrs 632:29–35CrossRef

Van Alsten J, Granick S (1988) Molecular tribology of ultrathin liquid films. Phys Rev Lett 61:2570–2573CrossRef

Van Alsten J, Granick S (1990a) Shear rheology in a confined geometry—polysiloxane melts. Macromolecules 23:4856–4862CrossRef

Van Alsten J, Granick S (1990b) Tribology studied using atomically smooth surfaces. Trib Trans 33:436–446CrossRef

Titel: Introduction—Measurement Techniques and Applications
verfasst von: Bharat Bhushan
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Nanotribology and Nanomechanics
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-51432-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-51433-8

Copyright-Jahr: 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51433-8_1