28.1 Introduction
28.2 Literature Review
28.2.1 Defining Women Entrepreneurship
Author(s) | Definition of women entrepreneurship |
---|---|
Vinze (1987) | A woman entrepreneur is a person who is an enterprising individual with an eye for opportunities and an uncanny vision, commercial acumen, with tremendous perseverance and above all a person who is willing to take risks with the unknown because of the adventurous spirit she possesses |
Anwar and Rashid (2012) | A woman entrepreneur can be defined as a confident, innovative and creative woman capable of achieving self-economic independence individually or in collaboration, generates employment opportunities for others through initiating, establishing and running the enterprise by keeping pace with her personal, family and social life |
Sharma (2013) | Female entrepreneurs are defined as those who use their knowledge and resources to develop or create new business opportunities, who are actively involved in managing their businesses, and own at least 50% of the business and have been in operation for longer than a year |
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh (2010) | Woman or a group of women who initiate, organize and run a business enterprise. Women entrepreneur is any women who organizes and manages any enterprise, usually with considerable initiative and risk |
Rummana (2014) | A woman will be termed as a Woman Entrepreneur if she is the ‘owner or proprietor of a private or proprietary enterprise’ or ‘is the director of a private company’ registered with the ‘joint stock’ or ‘shareholding enterprise’ or owning at least 51% share among the shareholders’ |
Masood (2011) | An enterprise owned and controlled by a women having a minimum financial interest of 51% of the capital and giving at least 51% of the employment generated in the enterprise to women |
Singh and Raina (2013) | A woman will be termed as an Entrepreneur if she is the ‘owner/proprietor/director of a private/ proprietary enterprise/private company’ registered with the ‘joint stock’ or ‘shareholding enterprise’, owning at least 51% annual turnover and share among the shareholders’ and generates employment opportunities for others by administering the enterprise |
28.2.2 Women Entrepreneurship and Motivation
28.2.3 Entrepreneurial Intention
28.3 Proposed Framework
28.4 Methodology
28.5 Analysis
28.5.1 Descriptive Analysis
Measure | Value ranges |
---|---|
Mean | 8.7184 to 84.242 |
Median | 7.000 to 83.000 |
Standard deviation | 1.149 to 12.248 |
Skewness | −1.023 to 0.897 |
Kurtosis | 0.102 to 1.942 |
28.5.2 Reliability Analysis
Constructs | No. of items | Item scale mean | Inter-item covariance | Inter-item correlation | Cronbach’s alpha |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Motivational factors | 17 | 3.274 | 0.181 | 0.122 | 0.703 |
Optimism | 6 | 2.767 | 0.114 | 0.178 | 0.597 |
Cognitive flexibility | 11 | 3.699 | 0.003 | 0.039 | 0.688 |
Entrepreneurial intensity | 4 | 3.08 | 0.118 | 0.271 | 0.752 |
Action control scale | 23 | 3.663 | 0.165 | 0.051 | 0.633 |
Perceived desirability | 3 | 4.324 | 0.104 | 0.159 | 0.712 |
Entrepreneurial intention | 2 | 4.184 | 0.55 | 0.131 | 0.694 |
28.5.3 Validity Test
Constructs | Mov_total | PD_total | Optm_total | Int_total | EI_total | ACS_total | Int_total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mov_total | 1 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
PD_total | 0.448b | 1 | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
Int_total | 0.418b | 0.017 | 1 | _ | _ | _ | _ |
CF_total | 0.079 | 0.127 | 0.207b | 1 | _ | _ | _ |
EI_total | 0.708b | 0.143 | 0.144 | 0.155 | 1 | _ | _ |
ACS_total | 0.358b | 0.214b | 0.568b | 0.651b | 0.570b | 1 | |
Int_total | 0.021 | 0.368b | 0.076 | 0.220a | 0.216a | 0.090 | 1 |
28.5.4 Hypothesis Testing
S. No. | Hypothesis |
---|---|
H1 | There would be a positive relationship between motivation and perceived desirability |
H2 | There would be a positive relationship between perceived desirability and entrepreneurial potential |
H3 | There would be a positive relationship between entrepreneurial potential and Entrepreneurial intention |
H4 | There would be a positive relationship between motivation and entrepreneurial potential |
H5 | There would be a positive relationship between motivation and entrepreneurial intention |
Constructs | Mov_total | EP_total | PF_total | Int_total |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mov_total | 1 | _ | _ | _ |
EP_total | 0.220a | 1 | _ | _ |
PF_total | 0.293b | 0.372b | 1 | _ |
Int_total | 0.801a | 359b | 0.157 | 1 |