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Erschienen in:
A Systems Perspective of Conflict Resolution in Water Resources and Environmental Management Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2015 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

6. Is Water Really a Scarce Resource? Initiating Entrepreneurship for Global Clean Water Supply

Implications of a Global Economic Policy on Water Security and Entrepreneurial Technology Strategy

verfasst von : André Presse

Erschienen in: Conflict Resolution in Water Resources and Environmental Management

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

It is a widely spread assertion that water is a scarce resource. Most experts agree that for many inhabitants of less developed countries it is difficult to obtain a sufficient amount of clean water. We add to this argument by saying that it is the case not so much because there is not sufficient drinkable water on this planet but rather because not all consumers have sufficient purchasing power. This chapter suggests to use the revenue from scarce resource rents in order to enable even the poorest to have access to clean water. An integrated global economic policy systematically ensuring sufficient financial means for everyone, including the poor, for purchasing at least the drinkable water to survive, and incentivizing global entrepreneurship as well the application of the latest, environmentally-friendly technology in this field.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Economic Valuation for Decision Making on the Protection of Water Sources
Nächstes Kapitel Trans-boundary River Basin Management: Factors Influencing the Success or Failure of International Agreements
Fußnoten
1
Ostroms dissertation was on “Public Entrepreneurship: A Case Study in Ground Water Basin Management”.
 
2
To avoid a traditional misunderstanding: Private homes should be privately held. It is large masses of land and in highly priced lots (with high levels of speculation rather than real use of land) for which long lease is most appropriate. Examples follow later in this chapter.
 
3
This is part of the regular procedure already today. Shipping documents comprise a number of different certificates, of which the emission rights certificate will be one.
 
4
Temporary exceptions can occur. Products can be cross-subsidized; then their costs are carried by those who pay for other products. If corporations cannot obtain the costs for the products and services they offer, they sooner or later go out of business.
 
5
“Capital”, as many readers are aware, in its original meaning roots in the Latin word “caput, capitis”, for “head”. Capitalism therefore means an economy based on abilities, on merits, not on mere ownership (that rather is the medieval or antique feudalistic approach). Consequently, everybody should be only entitled to the rent she or he can be held accountable and responsible for. In that sense, obtaining profit for something one is not accountable for (i.e. land value) can be characterized, according to Walras, as against the original idea and the actual meaning of capitalism.
 
6
It has been mentioned before that this is in accordance with capitalism (at least with its positive aspects and original meaning) and a market economy and works very successfully for instance in New York City. To some readers, however, this thought and its application to land and other natural resources may still be odd at first sight. Those I would like to point to the fact that some municipalities in Switzerland administrate their forests based on this idea. Wood is sold to private consumers, and the proceeds are being redistributed per capita by the end of the year.
 
7
This reasoning is supported by Paine (1796), who argues that citizens should receive a payment reimbursing them for the fact that, due to land ownership by others, they cannot supply for themselves. One aspect of this natural reason can also be motivated, as some would argue was the reason for christian-democrat German Chancellor Merkel to agree with India on a per-capita orientation, by the preservation of nature, given to all men by God. This, of course, is a more religious than scientific account and therefore should not be addressed here further.
 
8
The European Union (2013) even discusses the introduction of a Constitutional Right to a Bank Account.
 
9
Simplicity is important here as well as in other policies as it helps to avoid or at least reduce misuse through overcomplicating and deception.
 
10
Today, in many cases, ecologically friendly products are more expensive and therefore economically less favorable. Example: Those travelling with the German railway system Deutsche Bahn can choose to “neutralize” emissions incurred for their journey by purchasing emission rights to offset these emissions. This might be a favorable marketing approach, but it does not avoid the fact that it is more costly to behave ecologically-friendly. The proposed model systematically ensures that ecologically-friendly behavior is economically beneficial.
 
11
Some may argue that an influx of money to those countries means a reduction of funds in others. This model, however, represents a positive-sum policy, so an influx here does not necessarily lead to an outflow elsewhere.
 
12
The author proposes a global consumption tax to cover the costs of the UN, including reimbursements to   have tax-free amounts and to achieve an indirect tax progression (Presse 2009).
 
13
i.e. they consume services or goods produced with fewer emissions.
 
14
Some readers may argue that this is a policy for wealth redistribution. However, the suggested policy does not redistribute already existing wealth but portions of future wealth. The primary purpose is to let the public benefit from the scarcity rent of a common. So a balance is gradually reached. Piketty (2014) has argued that taxing high incomes and fortunes can solve the extreme imbalance of income. The solution in this chapter presents an additional and slightly different approach by addressing one of the causes of extreme imbalance, i.e. gatekeeper rents from the scarcity of commons.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Is Water Really a Scarce Resource? Initiating Entrepreneurship for Global Clean Water Supply
verfasst von
André Presse
Copyright-Jahr
2015
Buch
Conflict Resolution in Water Resources and Environmental Management

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-14214-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-14215-9

Copyright-Jahr: 2015

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14215-9_6