Introduction
Methods
Statistical analyses
Multigroup SEM procedure
Multidimensional SEM procedure
Results
Model |
Df
| CHISQ |
p value | RMSEA [90% CI] | Compared to |
Df
diff
| CHISQdiff
|
p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Multigroup gender-related item bias detection
| |||||||||
Anxiety subscale | |||||||||
1a | Measurement Model | 28 | 50.64 | .005 | 0.039 [0.021; 0.056] | ||||
1b | No Item Bias Model | 40 | 126.4 | <.001 | 0.064 [0.051; 0.076] | Model 1a | 12 | 75.76 | <.001 |
1c | Final Model | 38 | 81.29 | <.001 | 0.046 [0.032; 0.060] | Model 1a | 10 | 30.65 | <.001 |
Depression subscale | |||||||||
2a | Measurement Model | 28 | 46.26 | .016 | 0.035 [0.015; 0.052] | ||||
2b | No Item Bias Model | 40 | 120.9 | <.001 | 0.062 [0.049; 0.074] | Model 2a | 12 | 74.63 | <.001 |
2c | Final Model | 37 | 70.02 | <.001 | 0.041 [0.026; 0.055] | Model 2a | 9 | 23.76 | .005 |
Multigroup age-related item bias detection
| |||||||||
Anxiety subscale | |||||||||
3a | Measurement Model | 28 | 61.02 | <.001 | 0.047 [0.031; 0.063] | ||||
3b | No Item Bias Model | 40 | 163.2 | <.001 | 0.076 [0.064; 0.088] | Model 3a | 12 | 102.1 | <.001 |
3c | Final Model | 37 | 81.71 | <.001 | 0.048 [0.04; 0.062] | Model 3a | 9 | 20.69 | .014 |
Depression subscale | |||||||||
4a | Measurement Model | 28 | 42.59 | .038 | 0.031 [0.008; 0.049] | ||||
4b | No Item Bias Model | 40 | 357.2 | <.001 | 0.122 [0.111; 0.134] | Model 4a | 12 | 314.6 | <.001 |
4c | Final Model | 34 | 83.24 | <.001 | 0.052 [0.038; 0.066] | Model 4a | 6 | 40.65 | <.001 |
Multidimensional gender- and age-related item bias detection
| |||||||||
Anxiety and Depression subscale | |||||||||
5a | Measurement Model | 76 | 485.05 | <.001 | 0.071 [0.065; 0.077] | ||||
5b | No Item Bias Model | 100 | 1029.8 | <.001 | 0.093 [0.088; 0.098] | ||||
5c | Final Model | 88 | 455.71 | <.001 | 0.063 [0.057; 0.068] |
Item | Gender-related item bias | Age-related item bias | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LOGR1
| IRT2
| CONT3
| SEM-MG4
| SEM-MD5
| LOGR1
| IRT2
| CONT3
| SEM-MG4
| SEM-MD5
| |
HADS-A
| ||||||||||
1. I feel tense or wound up | – | – | – | – | – | −0.77
a
|
−0.61
a
|
−3.78
a
|
−0.22
a
| −0.09
a
|
3. I get a … feeling as if something awful… | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
0.09
b
| – |
5. Worrying thoughts go through my mind | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
7. I can sit at ease and feel relaxed | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
9. I get a.. feeling like ‘butterflies’ in the stomach | −0.49
a
| – |
−3.64
a
| −0.16
a
|
−0.13
a
| – | – | – | – | – |
11. I feel restless as if I have to be on the move |
0.58
a
|
−0.62
a
|
4.70
a
|
0.26
a
|
0.12
a
| – | – | – | – | – |
13. I get sudden feelings of panic | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
0.22
a
|
0.07
a
|
HADS-D
| ||||||||||
2. I still enjoy the things I used to enjoy | – | – | – | – |
0.07
a
| – | – | – | – | – |
4. I can laugh and see the funny side of things | – | – | – |
−0.20
a
0.01
b
| – | – | – | – |
−0.66
a
0.01
b
|
−0.13
a
|
6. I feel cheerful | – | – | – | – |
0.11
a
|
−1.11
a
|
−0.77
a
|
-5.16
a
|
−0.56
a
|
−0.23
a
|
8. I feel as if I am slowed down | – | – | – | – | – |
0.92
a
|
1.03
a
|
6.72
a
| – |
0.14
a
|
10. I have lost interest in my appearance | – | – | – |
−
0.01
b
| – |
−
0.60
a
|
−0.52
a
|
−3.66
a
|
−0.34
a
|
−0.14
a
|
12. I look forward with enjoyment to things | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
−
0.01
b
| – |
14. I can enjoy… book or radio or TV | – | – | – | – |
0.12
a
| – | – | – |
−0.29
a
|
−0.18
a
|