10. Lessons and Conclusions

E-transformation is a long-term challenge for all countries learning to master a new technoeconomic paradigm. It involves a profound change process that countries must undergo to both exploit the new opportunities arising from the ongoing technological revolution and cope with the imperatives of competing in an increasingly fast-paced, innovation-driven global economy. For developing countries, this challenge does not mean that all countries can or should become producer and exporters of ICT products and services. As shown in Chaps. 6 and 7, country prospects in participating in ICT production, as well as the impact of such participation on the rest of the economy, will vary. But all countries are challenged to become effective users of ICT, and they have to develop competencies in those segments of ICT production (services) most relevant to their ICT-user industries and business transformation strategies.