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1978 | Buch

The Development of Greek Capitalism: An Overall View Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Modern Greece

Facets of Underdevelopment

verfasst von: Nicos P. Mouzelis

Verlag: Palgrave Macmillan UK

Enthalten in: Professional Book Archive

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Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

The Historical Framework

Frontmatter
1. The Development of Greek Capitalism: An Overall View
Abstract
Despite the risks of overgeneralisation and schematisation implied in such an enterprise, it was considered necessary to give in this introductory chapter a general picture of the development of the Greek social formation from Ottoman times until the present. To overcome the complexity of the task, the main emphasis will be on the changing articulation of modes of production, from the period when Greece was a province of the Ottoman empire and the capitalist mode of production played only a peripheral role in its social formation, to the inter-war and post-war periods when capitalism became dominant.1 Within this perspective, the focus is more specifically on the changing relations of production, rather than on the evolving technologies or the politico-ideological developments. Because of this emphasis, the periodisation adopted here is somewhat different from that found in political histories of Greece, or in those works which trace purely technological developments.
Nicos P. Mouzelis

Theoretical Perspectives

Frontmatter
2. The Debate on the Neo-Marxist Approach to Development
Abstract
An area where Marxist interpretations and tools of analysis seem gradually to be replacing the Parsonian functionalist paradigm is the sociology of development. In fact, Marxist methodology, in the wider sense of the word, has been so successful in this field of study that few serious students, whether Marxists or not, are very much concerned with the sort of functionalist/neo-evolutionist theories which were fashionable in the fifties and early sixties (for instance the work of Hagen, McLeland, Rostow, Lerner, Smelser, Eisenstadt).1 At present, interesting debates on such problems take place within Marxism as various theorists start taking a critical look at what has been called the neo-Marxist approach to development. Some of these critics pay attention mainly to the methodological shortcomings of neo-Marxist writers, others contest their substantive findings and conclusions. In this chapter I shall try to analyse and assess both types of critique (paying greater attention to the former)2 in the light of developments in Greece — a country whose economic trajectory portrays characteristics pertinent to the above debates.
Nicos P. Mouzelis
3. The Relevance of the Concept of Class to the Study of Modern Greek Society
Abstract
In the light of the general theoretical debate on the nature of capitalist underdevelopment discussed in the previous chapter, here I will try to narrow the focus of analysis and examine the sociological literature on modern Greece — more specifically, the way in which the concept of class is used in the study of Greek development/underdevelopment. Within this limited perspective, there will be no attempt to provide an exhaustive or even systematic account of all sociological writings on modern Greece; neither shall I try to give an overall view of various Marxist and non-Marxist theories of class and the complicated problems they engender.1 Rather, the emphasis will be on the underlying conceptual frameworks, paradigms or metatheories2 that are discernible in representative studies of the Greek social structure and its development. In identifying and comparing such conceptual frameworks, their sociological adequacy and utility for the future development of Greek sociology will be assessed. Finally, although a study of the sociology of Greek sociology could be extremely useful, this paper does not attempt to do this — i.e. to find out how and why a certain sociological paradigm has been widely accepted by most Greek sociologists; the only goal it has set itself is to point out the limitations of the dominant paradigm and the need for an alternative or rather a complementary one.
Nicos P. Mouzelis
4. Capitalism and the Development of Agriculture
Abstract
In this chapter I shall try to complement as well as to make more concrete some of the theoretical points of the two previous chapters by a detailed analysis of two books on development:
(a)
S. Amin and K. Vergopoulos, La question paysanne et le capitalisme;1 and
 
(b)
K. Vergopoulos, The agrarian problem in Greece: The issue of the social incorporation of agriculture.2
 
These two works reflect, in varying degrees, two recent interconnected trends in Marxism which have stimulated important theoretical debates and fruitful empirical research in a number of different areas. The first refers to Althusser’s work which, by advocating a return to the type of rigorous analysis found in Marx’s mature writings, constitutes the basis for a critique of theories which were alleged to have been only superficially or eclectically Marxist.3 The second trend is the development of a new type of Marxist anthropology which, influenced to some extent by Althusser’s work, has tried to assess how far certain Marxist concepts (especially that of modes of production and their varied articulation in social formations) could help in their study of the so-called primitive societies — in particular, how these societies are incorporated into the world capitalist system.4 In fact, these two books constitute an interesting attempt to use some of these new insights in order (a) to build up a general theory on the development of agriculture under capitalism, and (b) to apply this theory to a specific social formation, namely that of Greece.
Nicos P. Mouzelis

Class Structure and Politics

Frontmatter
5. Greek and Bulgarian Peasants: Aspects of their Socio-Political Situation During the Inter-War Period
Abstract
Part I of this book provided an overall view of the historical development of Greek capitalism, whereas in Part II an attempt was made to examine, critically and in the light of the Greek case, some crucial debates in the sociology of development literature. These two frameworks (the historial and the theoretical) laid the ground for a closer examination of the relationship between class structure and politics in certain crucial phases of Greek underdevelopment. The aim in Part III is not to give a systematic account of the development of Greek society and polity from the nineteenth century onwards; but rather to focus selectively on certain ‘turning-points’ in this trajectory.
Nicos P. Mouzelis
6. Class Structure and the Role of the Military in Greece: An Interpretation
Abstract
If the issue of the political organisation of the peasantry is crucial for understanding Greek society, so is the problem of the military and the role they played in the development/underdevelopment of modern Greece.
Nicos P. Mouzelis
7. Capitalism and Dictatorship in Post-War Greece
Abstract
The seven-year rule of the Greek junta, from 1967 to 1974, has received much attention but little satisfactory analysis. It has been used as the basis for case studies of imperialism, CIA conspiracy, and third-world development. But the specificity of the Greek social formation and its relevance for understanding the roots and nature of the dictatorship remain relatively unexplored. The aim of this chapter is to examine some of the structural causes for the rise and fall of the Greek military regime. It does not attempt an account of the complicated events surrounding the actual seizure of power, but will concentrate on the long-term effects of economic and class developments, for these, although they do not directly determine, set limits to what is possible on the level of the political superstructure at a given historical moment.
Nicos P. Mouzelis
8. On Greek Formalism: Political and Cultural Aspects of Underdevelopment
Abstract
A striking characteristic of political and cultural practices in the Greek social formation is the extent to which conflicts and debates take a formalistic-legalistic character, shifting the attention of the masses away from ‘substantive’ issues (i.e. issues related to fundamental class antagonisms and to conflicting views of the world).
Nicos P. Mouzelis
Conclusion: Catching up with the West: Neo-Evolutionist Ideologies and Problems of Greek Development
Abstract
Since the fall of the dictatorship in 1974 and the acceleration of the procedures for the full integration of Greece into the European Economic Community, a dominant theme in the press and in political debates has been the country’s need for the rapid improvement of its economy and its political and cultural institutions, if it is eventually to reach the level of ‘democratic maturity’ and social welfare already enjoyed by the advanced social democracies of Western Europe today. This all-pervasive desire to ‘catch up’ with the West, and especially the step-by-step conception of the process, is strongly reminiscent of the sort of functionalist, neo-evolutionist theories developed by economists and sociologists in the fifties, theories which stated (see Chapter 2) that through the process of world-wide diffusion of capitalism, the economically backward countries will pass through the same states as did the Western industrialised societies, and eventually will achieve all the ‘marvels’ of Western civilisation. Of course, as we have argued, this naïve evolutionism began to fade out when it became obvious that, instead of the gap between rich and poor countries narrowing, it was becoming wider; also, when it was realised that third-world countries, having entered relatively late into the industrialisation race, and being forced to accept a dependent, peripheral role in the international division of labour, were following an economic trajectory both different from that of the West and less advantageous for the majority of their peoples. But although on the academic level these neo-evolutionist theories are now completely bankrupt, they still play a very effective role in political ideologies, where they exercise enormous influence and contribute considerably to the maintenance of the status quo.
Nicos P. Mouzelis
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Modern Greece
verfasst von
Nicos P. Mouzelis
Copyright-Jahr
1978
Verlag
Palgrave Macmillan UK
Electronic ISBN
978-1-349-03509-0
Print ISBN
978-1-349-03511-3
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-03509-0