Pervasive Healthcare Computing

EMR/EHR, Wireless and Health Monitoring

verfasst von: Upkar Varshney

Verlag: Springer US

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

Pervasive healthcare is the conceptual system of providing healthcare to anyone, at anytime, and anywhere by removing restraints of time and location while increasing both the coverage and the quality of healthcare. Pervasive Healthcare Computing is at the forefront of this research, and presents the ways in which mobile and wireless technologies can be used to implement the vision of pervasive healthcare.

This vision includes prevention, healthcare maintenance and checkups; short-term monitoring (home healthcare), long-term monitoring (nursing home), and personalized healthcare monitoring; and incidence detection and management, emergency intervention, transportation and treatment. The pervasive healthcare applications include intelligent emergency management system, pervasive healthcare data access, and ubiquitous mobile telemedicine.

Pervasive Healthcare Computing includes the treatment of several new wireless technologies and the ways in which they will implement the vision of pervasive healthcare.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

1. Healthcare Systems: Challenges and Solutions

In this chapter, we address the functioning and limitations of existing healthcare system systems. More specifically, we address healthcare in the US and examine its strengths and challenges. To improve the current healthcare systems, first several general solutions are presented. Then, several technology-oriented solutions are introduced and discussed. Finally, how the rest of the book is organized in terms of covered topics, is presented.

Upkar Varshney

2. E-Health and IT in Healthcare

Information Technologies can play a major role in how healthcare services are designed, offered and utilized. In this chapter, we show how IT can be utilized in healthcare. More specifically, the topics of health informatics, electronic health, electronic health records, and telemedicine are discussed. Also, HIPAA is discussed in the context of IT and healthcare. Detailed discussion on medical records and several challenges in the wide-scale deployment are also presented. The future of telemedicine is also addressed.

Upkar Varshney

3. Pervasive Computing and Healthcare

Pervasive computing technologies have seen significant advances in the last few years. This has resulted in design and development of sensors, wearable technologies, smart places and homes, and wireless and mobile networks. In this chapter, we first discuss current and emerging trends in pervasive computing and then present how pervasive computing can lead to pervasive healthcare. More specifically, examples of pervasive health monitoring, mobile telemedicine, intelligent emergency management service, health-aware mobile device, pervasive access to health information, pervasive life style management, and medical inventory management system are presented. We also identify various requirements of pervasive healthcare and present open issues and challenges to spur more research in this area.

Upkar Varshney

4. Wireless and Mobile Technologies

In this chapter, wireless technologies and networks are presented. These include cellular networks, wireless LANs, satellites, sensors, RFID, Bluetooth, ZigBee and Fixed wireless networks. More specifically, the characteristics of different wireless networks are presented, and how wireless networks can be used in health monitoring is shown. It is also shown how their individual characteristics would affect their suitability for wireless health monitoring.

Upkar Varshney

5. Wireless Health Monitoring: Requirements and Examples

Wireless health monitoring systems can be used to monitor patients’ health anywhere anytime without affecting their daily lifestyle and to more effectively use the limited healthcare resources. In this chapter, we discuss the health monitoring environment, general monitoring requirements, vital signs, and some examples of health monitoring. We discuss how vital signs can be obtained and what specific vital signs can be used in detecting certain health conditions. Several examples are also presented, including monitoring of sleep apnea, arrhythmias, and stress. We conclude the chapter by identifying several possible monitoring types for the future work.

Upkar Varshney

6. Wireless Health Monitoring: State of the Art

Wireless health monitoring has been an interesting area of research. In this chapter, we present and classify a vast majority of work done related to wireless health monitoring. This includes scenarios and visions, monitoring of vital signs, prototypes for specific conditions, monitoring for preventive care, monitoring for the elderly, and network infrastructure. We also present the evolution of health monitoring, a framework and an implementation of a wireless health monitoring system.

Upkar Varshney

7. Medical Decision Making

In wireless health monitoring, healthcare professionals will make decisions based on knowledge derived from multiple sets of informational items such as patient’s medical history, current vital signs, medical knowledge, and specific patient conditions. In this chapter, we discuss medical decision making process by focusing on devices of healthcare professionals, requirements and functions of healthcare professionals, what to do when something goes wrong, and, how to manage cognitive load. We also present a monitoring system with four components to monitor generation, transmission, processing and impacts of various alerts. Finally, how the medical decisions may be made in the future is presented.

Upkar Varshney

8. Health Monitoring using Infrastructure-oriented

There is considerable interest in using wireless and mobile technologies in health monitoring in diverse environments including homes, assisted living facilities, and nursing homes. In this chapter, we discuss how infrastructureoriented wireless networks, including commercial cellular/3G and versions of IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs, can be used to support health monitoring in diverse environments. We also present a multi-network architecture to address the reliability requirements of wireless health monitoring.

Upkar Varshney

9. Ad Hoc Networks for Health Monitoring

In cases where the coverage of infrastructure-oriented wireless networks such as cellular/3G or wireless LANs is not available or reliable, ad hoc networks can be used to support wireless health monitoring. This chapter focuses on ad hoc networks in wireless health monitoring. However, the use of ad hoc networks does introduce several interesting challenges including reliability, power management and routing. These challenges are discussed and several solutions are proposed.

Upkar Varshney

10. Using Incentives in Wireless Health Monitoring

With an increasing healthcare cost and a growing population of seniors and disabled worldwide, there is a need to provide quality healthcare services using limited financial and human resources. Health monitoring of patients using wireless LANs and cellular networks has begun in indoor and outdoor environments. Recently, health monitoring using ad hoc wireless networks, formed among devices when the coverage of infrastructure-oriented wireless networks is not available, has been proposed. Although innovative, such ad hoc networks primarily rely on the co-operation of devices and any lack of co-operation negatively affects the delivery of messages carrying patients’ vital signs. We discuss how reliable wireless health monitoring can be achieved using ad hoc networks, ways to obtain the cooperation of routing devices, and an incentive-based mechanism to improve wireless health monitoring. The design of protocols is also presented for decision making in incentive-driven environment.

Upkar Varshney

11. Context-awareness in Healthcare

Context information in health monitoring can be used to improve the quality of healthcare delivery, utilize limited healthcare and human resources more efficiently, and to better match the healthcare services to the current medical conditions and needs of the patients under health monitoring. This chapter presents why context awareness is desirable for healthcare and how it can be extended to support monitoring of multiple chronic illnesses. More specifically, we address how the context may be generated and utilized in health monitoring. The evolution from context-awareness to health-awareness is also presented along with additional research to address the current problems in context-awareness.

Upkar Varshney

12. Monitoring of Mental Health, Medication and Disability

Mental health is fast becoming a major challenge worldwide as the incidence of mental illness has been increasing. It is affecting the quality of life as well as job productivity for a large number of people. Just like physical illnesses, people with mental illnesses can be treated and monitored for a range of conditions and provided medical care as and when necessary. In this chapter, we introduce a new field of wireless psychiatry, or a way to address many problems using wireless technologies. This includes comprehensive monitoring of patients for symptoms, behavior, and medication compliance. The monitoring for behavior includes suicidal and homicidal behavior; monitoring for related physical conditions such as sleep patterns and weight loss as part of depression and suicidal behavior; and any weight gain due to inactivity and certain medications. Several examples of mental health monitoring, medication compliance monitoring and disability monitoring are also presented.

Upkar Varshney

Backmatter

Titel: Pervasive Healthcare Computing
verfasst von: Upkar Varshney
Verlag: Springer US
Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4419-0215-3
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-0214-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0215-3