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2013 | Buch

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Principles of Loads and Failure Mechanisms

Applications in Maintenance, Reliability and Design

verfasst von: T. Tinga

Verlag: Springer London

Buchreihe : Springer Series in Reliability Engineering

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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Über dieses Buch

Failure of components or systems must be prevented by both designers and operators of systems, but knowledge of the underlying mechanisms is often lacking. Since the relation between the expected usage of a system and its failure behavior is unknown, unexpected failures often occur, with possibly serious financial and safety consequences.

Principles of Loads and Failure Mechanisms. Applications in Maintenance, Reliability and Design provides a complete overview of all relevant failure mechanisms, ranging from mechanical failures like fatigue and creep to corrosion and electric failures. Both qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the mechanisms and their governing loads enable a solid assessment of a system’s reliability in a given or assumed operational context.

Moreover, a unique range of applications of this knowledge in the fields of maintenance, reliability and design are presented. The benefits of understanding the physics of failure are demonstrated for subjects like condition monitoring, predictive maintenance, prognostics and health management, failure analysis and reliability engineering. Finally, the role of these mechanisms in design processes and design for maintenance are illustrated.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Principles of Loads and Failure Mechanisms

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Introduction: The Basics of Failure

Abstract

In this chapter, the definition of a failure is provided and the difference between a failure mode and failure mechanism is explained. Then, the concepts of load and load-carrying capacity are introduced and their mutual relation is discussed. Moreover, the difference between internal and external loads is treated and the large variety of different load types and failure mechanisms is illustrated.

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Chapter 2. External Loads

Abstract

In this chapter, the most important external load types are treated. External loads are the loads caused by using or operating a system. For each load type, the general load and the specific sources are discussed. The treated loads are classified into mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical and radiative loads.

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Chapter 3. Internal Loads

Abstract

As failure occurs at the material level, also the loads causing the failures must be identified at that level. These loads are called internal loads. In this chapter, the internal loads associated with the different load types introduced in the previous chapter are treated. As the internal loads govern the failure mechanisms on the material level, also the associated material properties are discussed. For each load type, equations are provided that enable the calculation of the magnitude of the internal loads.

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Chapter 4. Failure Mechanisms

Abstract

The physical mechanisms underlying failures of parts or components are treated and the governing loads are identified. Further, quantitative models are provided that enable the prediction of failures under given operating conditions. After treatment of the most common individual failure mechanisms, failure processes in which several mechanisms occur sequentially or in parallel are discussed and the possible interactions are described.

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Applications in Maintenance, Reliability and Design

Frontmatter

Chapter 5. Maintenance Concepts

Abstract

In this chapter, the basic definitions and concepts of maintenance are discussed. Firstly, the definitions of maintenance, availability, reliability, maintainability and serviceability are given, and the relations between these concepts are discussed. Then, different maintenance strategies and policies are described, and the challenge of determining preventive maintenance intervals is discussed. Finally, the concept of maintenance performance is explained, and a methodology is provided to calculate the actual performance.

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Chapter 6. Usage- and Condition-Based Maintenance

Abstract

In this chapter, the application of knowledge on physical failure mechanisms and their associated loads to develop improved maintenance concepts will be illustrated. Firstly, the role of uncertainty in maintenance interval determination will be explained. Then, applying model-based prognostic methods and adopting usage- and usage severity-based maintenance policies will be shown to reduce the uncertainty and thus to increase the maintenance efficiency. Finally, health and condition monitoring techniques are presented, and the challenges in condition-based maintenance are discussed. Model-based prognostic methods are again shown to be required for the increase of the delay time and the associated increase in condition-based maintenance efficiency.

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Chapter 7. Reliability Engineering

Abstract

In this chapter, the possible integration between reliability engineering methods and physical failure models is discussed. After a brief introduction on the basic principles of reliability engineering, the challenge of selecting a relevant failure parameter (RFP) is treated. Then, the application of the life exchange rate matrix (LERM) and the analysis of real failure data are discussed, and finally, the concept of stochastic service life analyses is described.

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Chapter 8. Failure Analysis

Abstract

This chapter discusses methods that can be applied in the analysis of failures. Existing methods are discussed, and an integrated approach based on utilizing the knowledge on loads and failure mechanisms is introduced. The method is demonstrated on a real case study. After the treatment of the analysis methods, background information and procedures to assist in assessing the failure mechanism of a failure at hand will be provided.

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Chapter 9. Design

Abstract

In this final chapter, the design process of complex assets is discussed, with a special focus on how knowledge on failure mechanisms can be utilized to design better performing and more reliable systems. The concepts of life cycle management and life cycle costs are briefly explained. Then, the different aspects of design for maintenance are discussed, demonstrating in which ways the design can be modified to assure a sufficiently high reliability, maintainability and supportability of the system. To put the design process in a somewhat broader perspective, two important design philosophies are compared and finally the concept of probabilistic design is briefly discussed.

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Backmatter

Titel: Principles of Loads and Failure Mechanisms
verfasst von: T. Tinga
Verlag: Springer London
Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4471-4917-0
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-4916-3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4917-0