Skip to main content

2013 | Buch

Organizational Learning

Creating, Retaining and Transferring Knowledge

insite
SUCHEN

Über dieses Buch

Why do some organizations learn at faster rates than others? Why do organizations "forget"? Could productivity gains acquired in one part of an organization be transferred to another? These are among the questions addressed in Organizational Learning: Creating, Retaining and Transferring Knowledge. Since its original publication in 1999, this book has set the standard for research and analysis in the field. This fully updated and expanded edition showcases the most current research and insights, featuring a new chapter that provides a theoretical framework for analyzing organizational learning and presents evidence about how the organizational context affects learning processes and outcomes. Drawing from a wide array of studies across the spectrum of management, economics, sociology, and psychology, Organizational Learning explores the dynamics of learning curves in organizations, with particular emphasis on how individuals and groups generate, share, reinforce, and sometimes forget knowledge. With an increased emphasis on service organizations, including healthcare, Linda Argote demonstrates that organizations vary dramatically in the rates at which they learn—with profound implications for productivity, performance, and managerial and strategic decision making.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Organizational Learning Curves: An Overview
Abstract
“Learning curves” have been found in many organizations. As organizations produce more of a product, the unit cost of production typically decreases at a decreasing rate. A learning curve for the production of an advanced military jet built in the 1970s and 1980s is shown in Fig. 1.1. The number of direct labor hours required to assemble each jet aircraft is plotted on the vertical axis; the cumulative number of aircraft produced is plotted on the horizontal axis. As can be seen from Fig. 1.1, the number of direct labor hours required to assemble each aircraft decreased significantly as experience was gained in production, and the rate of decrease declined with rising cumulative output. This and related phenomena are referred to as learning curves, progress curves, experience curves, or learning by doing.
Linda Argote
Chapter 2. Organization Learning: A Theoretical Framework
Abstract
This chapter presents a theoretical framework for analyzing organizational learning that was developed in Argote and Miron-Spektor (2011). According to the framework, organizational experience is theorized to interact with the organizational context to create knowledge. The chapter discusses components of the framework, including experience, the organizational context, and knowledge. The organizational learning processes that translate experience into knowledge are also characterized. The chapter uses the framework to provide an overview of research on factors affecting organizational learning. Factors affecting knowledge retention and knowledge transfer are reviewed in subsequent chapters.
Linda Argote
Chapter 3. Organizational Forgetting
Abstract
Do organizations forget? Or do organizations retain the knowledge they acquire as time passes? The classic learning curve assumes that organizational knowledge is cumulative and persists indefinitely through time. Yet, individuals leave organizations. Records can be lost or misplaced. Technologies become obsolete and/or inoperative. Social networks can decay (Burt, 2002).
Linda Argote
Chapter 4. Organizational Memory
Abstract
What do organizations learn as they gain experience in production? Where is this knowledge embedded within organizations? What are the consequences of where knowledge is embedded for organizational performance? This chapter begins with a discussion of what is learned as groups and organizations gain experience. A more general discussion of organizational memory and various “retention bins” or “repositories” of organizational knowledge follows. Examples of knowledge embedded in various repositories drawn from our studies of manufacturing and service industries are provided. Empirical evidence on the extent to which organizational knowledge is embedded in these various repositories is described. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the implications of where knowledge is embedded for important aspects of organizational functioning and effectiveness.
Linda Argote
Chapter 5. Micro Foundation of Organizational Learning: Group Learning
Abstract
Cisco Systems, Inc. successfully acquired many software firms with 50–100 employees (Wysocki, 1997). Cisco paid a premium for the firms—on the order of two million dollars per employee. Why is Cisco paying so much for these firms? According to Wysocki
Linda Argote
Chapter 6. Knowledge Transfer in Organizations
Abstract
Great Ormond Street Hospital in Great Britain learned from Ferrari racing crews how to handle patient handovers or transitions from one unit to another more effectively and, thereby, improved patient care (Naik, 2006). General Motors Corporation built identical plants in Argentina, Poland, China, and Thailand so that knowledge acquired at one plant would be relevant for and transferable to others (Blumenstein, 1997). Intel uses a “copy exactly” approach to their multiple facilities in which establishments are replicated down to the color of their paint so that knowledge acquired in one establishment is relevant for others (Reinhardt, 1997). These examples illustrate the importance organizations attach to transferring knowledge in organizations. The organizations realize benefits when one of their units “learns” from another unit or organization. This chapter describes research on one organization learning from another—on knowledge transfer across organizations.
Linda Argote
Chapter 7. Managerial and Strategic Implications and Future Directions
Abstract
This concluding chapter discusses the relationships across learning at different levels of analysis and across different dimensions of experience. Managerial and strategic implications of research findings on organizational learning are developed. The chapter concludes with a discussion of promising future research directions that are likely to advance our understanding of organizational learning.
Linda Argote
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Organizational Learning
verfasst von
Linda Argote
Copyright-Jahr
2013
Verlag
Springer US
Electronic ISBN
978-1-4614-5251-5
Print ISBN
978-1-4614-5250-8
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5251-5

Premium Partner