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1998 | Buch

Perspectives in Spread Spectrum

verfasst von: Amer A. Hassan, John E. Hershey, Gary J. Saulnier

Verlag: Springer US

Buchreihe : The International Series in Engineering and Computer Science

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Über dieses Buch

Perspectives in Spread Spectrum brings together studies and recent work on six exciting topics from the spread spectrum arts. The book gives a wide, collective view of trends, ideas, and techniques in the spread spectrum discipline, due to the authors' extensive work on spread spectrum techniques and applications from different vantage points. The inexorable march of electronics towards ever faster, ever smaller, and ever more powerful electronic and optical circuitry has wrought, and will continue to enable, profound changes in the spread spectrum arts, by allowing increasingly complex signalling waveforms and statistical tests to be implemented as the theory beyond spread spectrum continues to evolve.
Perspectives in Spread Spectrum is divided into six chapters. The first chapter deals with sequence spreading design. There is not a single metric for design of spreading sequences; rather, the design is ideally tailored to the specific scenario of usage. This chapter delves into recent and very promising synthesis work. The second chapter deals with OFDM techniques. As channels become wider and trans-channel fading (or jamming) becomes frequency selective across the band, OFDM techniques may provide a powerful alternative design perspective. The third chapter is a generalization of the venerable Walsh functions. A new modulation scheme, Geometric Harmonic Modulation, GHM for short, is reviewed and characterized as a form of OFDM. From GHM, a further generalization of the Walsh functions is derived for non-binary signalling. The fourth chapter is concerned with some new and exciting results regarding the follower jammer paradigm. A counter-countermeasure technique is reviewed, notable for its counterintuitive characteristic which can be understood from a simple yet elegant game framework. The fifth chapter recounts some results pertaining to random coding for an optical spread spectrum link. The technique is based on laser speckle statistics and uses a coherent array of spatial light modulators at the transmitter but allows the receiver to be realized as a spatially distributed radiometric and therefore incoherent structure. The sixth and final chapter looks at an important and interesting application of spread spectrum to accurately locate a wideband, ‘bent pipe’, satellite transponder. It is, in a strong sense, an inverted GPS technique.
Perspectives in Spread Spectrum serves as an excellent reference and source of ideas for further research, and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the topic.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
1. Spreading Sequence Design
Abstract
The spreading of the transmit signal bandwidth through the use of a pseudonoise (PN) code provides a number of important advantages, including interference suppression, multipath resistance, channel sharing through code-division multiple access (CDMA) and low probability of intercept/detection (LPI/D). Despite the success of conventional spreading codes, there is nonetheless an interest in deriving codes which have better properties and which, therefore, can enhance one or more of the properties listed above. This chapter investigates the design of spreading codes to meet specific objectives such as multi-user interference rejection or multi-path resistance. The approach taken is to utilize techniques for designing filterbanks and use them to design non-binary spreading codes with desired properties. The basics of filterbank design are presented and it is shown how to apply these techniques to designing spreading codes. Several example codes are designed and their performance is compared to that for conventional codes.
Amer A. Hassan, John E. Hershey, Gary J. Saulnier
2. OFDM Spread Spectrum Communications
Abstract
Orthogonal frequency division-multiplexing (OFDM) [1, 2] has received considerable attention as a method to efficiently utilize channels with non-flat frequency responses and/or non-white noise. In its most common form, a high rate data stream is divided up among the many carriers in the system in a manner which optimizes the capacity of the overall channel. OFDM can also be used as a spread spectrum modulation (OFDM-SS) [3, 4, 5] wherein spectral spreading is accomplished by putting the same data on all the carriers, producing a spreading factor equal to the number of carriers. At the receiver, the energy from all the carriers is coherently combined to produce the decision variable. Multiple users can be supported in the same channel through code division-multiple access (CDMA) [6]. In this case each user has a unique signature sequence which determines the set of carrier phases. To receive a particular signal, the receiver needs to know the signature sequence for that user in order to align the carrier phases for the coherent combining operation. Figure 2.1 is a block diagram of an OFDM-SS transmitter/receiver pair. As shown in the figure, carrier generation is usually performed efficiently using an inverse fast Fourier transform (FFT) while demodulation is performed using a forward FFT.
Amer A. Hassan, John E. Hershey, Gary J. Saulnier
3. Generalization of Walsh Functions for Spreading, Signaling and Synchronizing
Abstract
Walsh functions have played a key role in spread spectrum development. This chapter examines a generalization of those functions and uses of such in various spread spectrum applications.
Amer A. Hassan, John E. Hershey, Gary J. Saulnier
4. Frequency-Hopped Spread Spectrum in the Presence of Follower Jamming
Abstract
In frequency-hopped spread spectrum (FH-SS) communications, the available bandwidth is typically partitioned into a large number of frequency bands. During a symbol interval the information is transmitted over at least one band. In a slow FH-SS system, the hop duration is a multiple of the symbol interval, while in a fast FH-SS system a channel symbol is transmitted over one or more frequency bands.
Amer A. Hassan, John E. Hershey, Gary J. Saulnier
5. Spatial Optical CDMA
Abstract
There has been much interest in multiple-access fiber optic communications [1], A key motivation for using optics for implementing the multiplexing protocols has been to decrease the processing burden on the electronics that is used typically to discriminate the users in a network. In addition, present-day electronics lacks the speed necessary to utilize fully the large information-carrying bandwidth of the optical fiber.
Amer A. Hassan, John E. Hershey, Gary J. Saulnier
6. Spread Spectrum Overlay and Ranging
Abstract
This chapter deals with the use of spread spectrum as an overlay technique to aid in synchronization of an extended satellite network. It is written against a specific example which derived from an actual problem on which the authors worked. The satellite functioned as a frequency translating “bent pipe” transponder. It had no beacon and there was no guaranteed dissemination of station keeping information to the network operations center.
Amer A. Hassan, John E. Hershey, Gary J. Saulnier
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Perspectives in Spread Spectrum
verfasst von
Amer A. Hassan
John E. Hershey
Gary J. Saulnier
Copyright-Jahr
1998
Verlag
Springer US
Electronic ISBN
978-1-4615-5531-5
Print ISBN
978-1-4613-7528-9
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5531-5