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Erschienen in:
Unpacking the “I” in GIS: Information, Ontology, and the Geographic World Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

7. Drawing Boundaries

verfasst von : Barry Smith

Erschienen in: The Philosophy of GIS

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

In “On Drawing Lines on a Map” by Smith (Spatial information theory. A theoretical basis for GIS, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York, 1995), I suggested that the different ways we have of drawing lines on maps open up a new perspective on ontology, resting on a distinction between two sorts of boundaries: fiat and bona fide. “Fiat” means, roughly: human-demarcation-induced. “Bona fide” means, again roughly: a boundary constituted by some real physical discontinuity. I presented a general typology of boundaries based on this opposition and showed how it generates a corresponding typology of the different sorts of objects which boundaries determine or demarcate. In this paper, I describe how the theory of fiat boundaries has evolved since 1995, how it has been applied in areas such as property law and political geography, and how it is being used in contemporary work in formal and applied ontology, especially within the framework of Basic Formal Ontology.

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Vorheriges Kapitel On the Distinction Between Classical and Nonclassical Geographies: Some Critical Remarks
Nächstes Kapitel Geographic Objects and the Science of Geography
Fußnoten
1
I am grateful to Thomas Bittner, Berit Brogaard, Roberto Casati, David Mark, Alan Ruttenberg, Andrew Turk, Achille Varzi, Laure Vieu, Lars Vogt, and Wojciech Zelaniec for many helpful contributions.
 
2
On the use of “fiat entity” rather than “fiat object” see the section on Basic Formal Ontology, below.
 
3
In a series of papers, beginning with (Vogt et al. 2011), Lars Vogt and his collaborators have presented a powerful critique of the conception of fiat boundaries as originally formulated in “On Drawing Lines on a Map”, emphasizing above all the need to modify the assumption that fiat boundaries go hand in hand in every case with human decision or demarcation (Vogt 2018a, b; Vogt et al. 2012a, b).
 
4
Compare Bittner and Smith (2001, 2003a, b) on the theory of granular partitions.
 
5
Details are provided in Smith and Varzi (2000), which sets forth the formal differences between the coincidence of boundaries in the fiat realm and the mere proximity of boundaries which is achievable in the realm of physical bodies.
 
6
See Davies (2018) on the metaphysical implications of the fiat /bona fide distinction.
 
7
Ceusters and Smith (2015).
 
8
Stove calls the argument in favor of views of this “the gem”. See Stove (1991).
 
9
A detailed formal theory of truthmaking along these lines is presented in Smith (1999b).
 
10
Compare the treatment of boundaries of different plerosis in Brentano (1988).
 
11
Details are presented in Whyte (2002). See also Vinokurov (2007).
 
12
They are “fiat object parts” in the terminology of BFO.
 
13
Up to 8 such layers of timber, chalk, stone and other materials were employed already in the construction of Roman roads (Flaherty 2002: 226).
 
14
Arp and Smith 2001; see also http://​www.​ifomis.​org:​80/​bfo/​owl, last accessed January 1, 2019.
 
15
Note that the account, there, is deliberately open-ended: thus further sorts of causal unity might be documented by BFO in due course.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Drawing Boundaries
verfasst von
Barry Smith
Copyright-Jahr
2019
Buch
The Philosophy of GIS

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-16828-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-16829-2

Copyright-Jahr: 2019

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16829-2_7

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