Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
ATZ-Fachkongress

Chassis.tech plus 2024


4 Kongresse in einer Veranstaltung

Treffen Sie in München die Fachleute von Chassis, Lenkung, Bremsen sowie Reifen/Räder.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Erschienen in:
From the Philosophies of Geographies to the Applied Ontology of Geography Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2021 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. Geographical Entities

verfasst von : Timothy Tambassi

Erschienen in: The Philosophy of Geo-Ontologies

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

As one of the main aims of applied ontology of geography is to establish what kinds of geographical entities exist, this chapter provides a sketch of possible approaches, response attempts, and issues arising from the question: “What is a geographical entity?”. It is shown how trying to answer this question is made particularly difficult by a multiplicity of aspects that might be summarized as follows: (1) There exist multiple conceptualizations of the geographical world. (2) Different languages and cultures slice such a world in different ways. (3) The geographical world has changed and will change over time. (4) Geography (as a discipline) has changed and will change over time too, by modifying its perspectives, tools, and domains of investigation. Consequently, what was, is, and will be considered as non-geographic can be considered as geographic and vice versa. (5) There were, are, and will be different kinds of geographies as well as different geographical branches, each of which had, has, and will have different tools, aims, and vocabularies. (6) The introduction of new scholarly fields and new technologies, the birth of intellectual movements or paradigm shifts can/will influence geography as a discipline.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Vorheriges Kapitel Boundaries
Nächstes Kapitel Geo-Ontologies: From the Spatial Turn to Geographical Taxonomy
Fußnoten
1
Therefore, my theoretical point of view may be seen as closed to ontological perspectivism; see Bateman and Farrar (2004), Grenon and Smith (2007), Elford (2012).
 
2
See Chap. 7.
 
3
In theory, such a list should also be open to the inclusion of new empirical and theoretical evidence, which might modify and/or extend it.
 
4
See for instance: Casati et al. (1998), Smith and Mark (2001), and the link https://​definedterm.​com/​geographic_​entity. In the geographical debate, other examples of laundry lists (that integrate some attempts to define “geographical entity”) can also be found in some of the more general classes of geo-ontologies. For a list (not a laundry list) of the main geo-ontologies, see Chap. 6.
 
5
In which case, we should, perhaps, also ask whether it is more appropriate to talk about cartographic entities rather than geographical entities.
 
6
About the non-correspondence between geography and cartography, and more in general on the critique of the “cartographic reason”, see Farinelli (2003, 2009).
 
7
See Chap. 3.
 
8
See Smith and Varzi (1997), Casati et al. (1998), Smith and Mark (1998), Smith and Varzi (2000), Galton (2003).
 
9
See Chap. 4.
 
10
A similar example is provided by the recognition of Kosovo and the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic that is supported only by some of the members of the United Nations. In other words, some members of UN consider Kosovo and the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic as proper nations, while other members do not. Consequently, the categorization of these entities changes according to the member of the UN that classifies them. Of course, the concept of recognition is neither a prerogative of the United Nations nor of the notion of nation. On the contrary, it may be applied to, in principle, other geographical notions and/or institutions. See, for example, Italy with Lunezia in Sect. 5.17.
 
11
See Mandelbrot (1967), Sarjakoski (1996), McGee (1997), Bennett (2001), Varzi (2001).
 
12
For an analysis of these relations, see Chap. 3.
 
13
See for example Mark and Csillag (1989), Smith (1995), Burrough and Frank (1996), Zimmerman (1996), Smith and Varzi (1997, 2000), Casati et al. (1998), Smith and Mark (1998), Casati and Varzi (1999), Varzi (2007), Russell (2008), Varzi (2016).
 
14
See also Chap. 3.
 
Literatur
Bateman J, Farrar S (2004) Towards a generic foundation for spatial ontology. In: Varzi AC, Vieu L (eds) Formal ontology in information systems. IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp 237–248
Bennett B (2001) What is a forest? On the vagueness of certain geographic concept. Topoi 20(2):189–201CrossRef
Bianchetti S (2008) Geografia storica del mondo antico. Monduzzi, Bologna
Bishr Y (2007) Overcoming the semantic and other barriers to GIS interoperability: seven years on. In: Fischer P (ed) Classics from IJGIS. Twenty years of the international journal of geographical information science and systems. CRC Press, Boca-Raton-London-New York
Bittner T, Smith B (2008) A theory of granular partitions. In: Munn K, Smith B (eds) Applied ontology. An introduction. Ontos-Verlag, Berlin
Bonnett A (2008) What is geography? Sage, London
Burrough PA, Frank AU (eds) (1996) Geographic objects with indeterminate boundaries. Taylor & Francis, London
Casati R, Smith B, Varzi AC (1998) Ontological tools for geographic representation. In: Guarino N (ed) Formal ontology in information systems. IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp 77–85
Casati R, Varzi AC (1999) Parts and places. MIT Press, Cambridge
Casti E (2015) Reflexive cartography. A new perspective on mapping. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Oxford, Waltham
Crampton JW (2010) Mapping. A critical introduction to cartography and GIS. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, New York
Couclelis H (1998) Space, time, geography. Geogr Inf Syst 1:29–38
Couclelis H, Gale N (1986) Space and spaces. Geogr Ann 68(B):1–12
Egenhofer M, Herring J (1991) High-level spatial data structures for GIS. In: Maguire D, Goodchild M, Rhind D (eds) Geographical information systems, vol 1. Principles. Longman, London, pp 147–163
Egenhofer M, Mark DM (1995) Naive geography. In: Frank AU, Kuhn W (eds) Spatial information theory: a theoretical basis for GIS. In: Proceedings of the second international conference. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 1–15
Elden S (2009) Philosophy and human geography. In: Kitchen R, Thrift N (eds) International encyclopedia of human geography. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 145–150CrossRef
Elford W (2012) A multi-ontology view of ergonomics: applying the cynefin framework to improve theory and practice. Work 41(1):812–817CrossRef
Farinelli F (2003) Geografia. Un’introduzione ai modelli del mondo. Einaudi, Torino
Farinelli F (2009) La crisi della ragione cartografica. Einaudi, Torino
Frank A, Mark DM (1991) Language issues for GIS. In: Maguire DJ, Goodchild MF, Rhind DW (eds) Geographical information systems. Principles and applications, vol 1. Longman, London, pp 147–163
Galton A (2003) On the ontological status of geographical boundaries. In: Duckham M, Goodchild MG, Worboys MF (eds) Foundation of geographic information science. Taylor & Francis, London, New York, pp 151–171CrossRef
Gomez B, Jones JP III (eds) (2010) Research methods in geography: a critical introduction. Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex
Grenon P, Smith B (2007) Persistence and ontological pluralism. In: Kanzian C (ed) Persistence. Springer, New York, pp 33–48
Günzel S (2001) Geophilosophie. Nietzsches philosophische Geographie. Akademie, Berlin
Inkpen R, Wilson G (2013) Science, philosophy and physical geography. Routledge, LondonCrossRef
Jones S (1963) Weights and measures: an informal guide. Public Affairs Press, Washington, D.C.
Kennelly A (1928) Vestiges of pre-metric weights and measures persisting inmetric-system Europe, 1926–1927. The Macmillan Company, New York
Kula W(1983) Les Mesures et Les Hommes. Paris: Maison des Sciences de L’Homme [Translated from Polish by J Ritt; Polish edition 1970]
Laurini R (2017) Geographic knowledge infrastructure: applications to territorial intelligence and smart cities. ISTE-Elsevier, London
Lowe EJ (1989) Kinds of being: a study of individuation, identity and the logic of sortal terms. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, New York
Lowe EJ (2006) The four-category ontology: a metaphysical foundation for natural science. Clarendon Press, Oxford
Luckermann F (1961) The concept of location in classical geography. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 51(2):194–210CrossRef
Mandelbrot B (1967) How long is the coast of Britain? statistical self-similarity and fractional dimension. Science 156:636–638CrossRef
Mark DM, Csillag F (1989) The nature of boundaries on ‘area-class’ maps. Cartographica 26:65–78CrossRef
McGee V (1997) Kilimanjaro. Can J Philos 23:141–195
Middleton N (2015) An atlas of countries that don’t exist. A compendium of fifty unrecognized and largely unnoticed states. MacMillan, London
Newman D (2006) The lines that continue to separate us: borders in our ‘borderless’ world. Prog Hum Geogr 30(2):143–161CrossRef
Oakes TS, Price PL (eds) (2008) The cultural geographer reader. Routledge, New York
Pattinson WD (1963) The four traditions of geography. J Geogr 63(5):211–216CrossRef
Rosch E (1973) On the internal structure of perceptual and semantic categories. In: Moore TE (ed) Cognitive development and the acquisition of language. Academic Press, New York, pp 111–144CrossRef
Rosch E (1978) Principles of categorization. In: Rosch E, Lloyd BB (eds) Cognition and categorization. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp 28–49
Russell JT (2008) The structure of gunk: adventures in the ontology of space. Oxf Stud Metaphys 4:248–274
Sala M (2009) Geography. In: Sala M (ed) Geography. EOLSS Publisher, Oxford, Encyclopedia of life support systems, pp 1–56
Sarjakoski T (1996) How many lakes, islands and rivers are there in Finland? A case study of fuzziness in the extent and identity of geographic objects. In: Burrough PA, Frank AU (eds) Geographic objects with—indeterminate—boundaries. Taylor & Francis, London, pp 299–312
Smith B (1994) Fiat objects. In: Guarino N, Pribbenow S, Vieu L (eds) Parts and wholes: conceptual part-whole relations and formal mereology. In: Proceedings of the ECAI94 workshop. Amsterdam, ECCAI, pp 15–23
Smith B (1995, September 21–23) On drawing lines on a map. In: Frank A, Kuhn W (eds) Spatial information theory—a theoretical basis for GIS. In: Proceedings, international conference Cosit’95, Semmering, Austria. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 988. Springer, Berlin, pp 475–484
Smith B (1996) Mereotopology: a theory of parts and boundaries. Data Knowl Eng 20:287–303CrossRef
Smith B, Klagges B (2008) Bioinformatics and philosophy. In: Munn K, Smith B (eds) Applied ontology. An introduction. Ontos-Verlag, Berlin
Smith B, Mark DM (1998) Ontology and geographic kinds. In: Poiker TK, Chrisman N (eds) Proceedings of the eighth international symposium on spatial data handling (Burnaby, British Columbia, International Geographical Union), pp. 308–320
Smith B, Mark DM (2001) Geographical categories: an ontological investigation. Int J Geogr Inf Sci 15(7):591–612CrossRef
Smith B, Varzi AC (1997) Fiat and bona fide boundaries: towards an ontology of spatially extended objects. In: Hirtle SC, Frank AU (eds) Spatial information theory: a theoretical basis for GIS. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 1329. Springer, Berlin, pp 103–119
Smith B, Varzi AC (2000) Fiat and bona fide boundaries. Res 60(2):401–420
Tanca M (2012) Geografia e filosofia. Franco Angeli, Milan
Varzi AC (2007) Spatial reasoning and ontology: parts, wholes and location. In: Aiello M, Pratt-Hartmann I, van Benthem J (eds) Handbook of spatial logics. Springer, Berlin, pp 945–1038CrossRef
Varzi AC (2016) On drawing lines across the board. In: Zaibert L (ed) The theory and practice of ontology. Palgrave Macmillian, London, pp 45–78CrossRef
Warf B, Arias S (eds) (2009) The spatial turn interdisciplinary perspectives. Routledge, London, New York
Zimmerman DW (1996) Could extended objects be made out of simple parts? Res 56:1–29
Zubin D (1989) Untitled. In: Mark D, Frank A, Egenhofer M, Freundschuh S, McGranaghan M, White RM (eds) Languages of spatial relations: initiative two specialist meeting report. Technical paper 89–2, National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, Santa Barbara, CA, pp 13–17
Zupko R (1968) A dictionary of english weights and measures. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison
Zupko R (1977) British weights and measures: a history from antiquity to the seventeenth century. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison
Zupko R (1978) French weights and measures before the revolution: a dictionary of provincial and local units. Indiana University Press, Bloomington
Metadaten
Titel
Geographical Entities
verfasst von
Timothy Tambassi
Copyright-Jahr
2021
Buch
The Philosophy of Geo-Ontologies

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-78144-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-78145-3

Copyright-Jahr: 2021

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78145-3_5

Premium Partner

    Bildnachweise