Skip to main content

2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

AttentionHTR: Handwritten Text Recognition Based on Attention Encoder-Decoder Networks

verfasst von : Dmitrijs Kass, Ekta Vats

Erschienen in: Document Analysis Systems

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This work proposes an attention-based sequence-to-sequence model for handwritten word recognition and explores transfer learning for data-efficient training of HTR systems. To overcome training data scarcity, this work leverages models pre-trained on scene text images as a starting point towards tailoring the handwriting recognition models. ResNet feature extraction and bidirectional LSTM-based sequence modeling stages together form an encoder. The prediction stage consists of a decoder and a content-based attention mechanism. The effectiveness of the proposed end-to-end HTR system has been empirically evaluated on a novel multi-writer dataset Imgur5K and the IAM dataset. The experimental results evaluate the performance of the HTR framework, further supported by an in-depth analysis of the error cases. Source code and pre-trained models are available at GitHub (https://​github.​com/​dmitrijsk/​AttentionHTR).

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Baek, J., et al.: What is wrong with scene text recognition model comparisons? dataset and model analysis. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 4715–4723 (2019) Baek, J., et al.: What is wrong with scene text recognition model comparisons? dataset and model analysis. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 4715–4723 (2019)
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Bahdanau, D., Cho, K., Bengio, Y.: Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.0473 (2014) Bahdanau, D., Cho, K., Bengio, Y.: Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate. arXiv preprint arXiv:​1409.​0473 (2014)
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Bluche, T., Louradour, J., Messina, R.: Scan, attend and read: end-to-end handwritten paragraph recognition with mdlstm attention. In: 14th IAPR International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, vol. 1, pp. 1050–1055 (2017) Bluche, T., Louradour, J., Messina, R.: Scan, attend and read: end-to-end handwritten paragraph recognition with mdlstm attention. In: 14th IAPR International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, vol. 1, pp. 1050–1055 (2017)
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Bookstein, F.L.: Principal warps: thin-plate splines and the decomposition of deformations. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 11(6), 567–585 (1989)CrossRef Bookstein, F.L.: Principal warps: thin-plate splines and the decomposition of deformations. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 11(6), 567–585 (1989)CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Chowdhury, A., Vig, L.: An efficient end-to-end neural model for handwritten text recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:1807.07965 (2018) Chowdhury, A., Vig, L.: An efficient end-to-end neural model for handwritten text recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:​1807.​07965 (2018)
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Dutta, K., Krishnan, P., Mathew, M., Jawahar, C.: Improving CNN-RNN hybrid networks for handwriting recognition. In: 2018 16th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR), pp. 80–85. IEEE (2018) Dutta, K., Krishnan, P., Mathew, M., Jawahar, C.: Improving CNN-RNN hybrid networks for handwriting recognition. In: 2018 16th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR), pp. 80–85. IEEE (2018)
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Frinken, V., Fischer, A., Manmatha, R., Bunke, H.: A novel word spotting method based on recurrent neural networks. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 34(2), 211–224 (2012)CrossRef Frinken, V., Fischer, A., Manmatha, R., Bunke, H.: A novel word spotting method based on recurrent neural networks. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 34(2), 211–224 (2012)CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Gupta, A., Vedaldi, A., Zisserman, A.: Synthetic data for text localisation in natural images. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2315–2324 (2016) Gupta, A., Vedaldi, A., Zisserman, A.: Synthetic data for text localisation in natural images. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2315–2324 (2016)
9.
Zurück zum Zitat He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 770–778 (2016) He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 770–778 (2016)
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Jaderberg, M., Simonyan, K., Vedaldi, A., Zisserman, A.: Synthetic data and artificial neural networks for natural scene text recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:1406.2227 (2014) Jaderberg, M., Simonyan, K., Vedaldi, A., Zisserman, A.: Synthetic data and artificial neural networks for natural scene text recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:​1406.​2227 (2014)
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Kang, L., Riba, P., Villegas, M., Fornés, A., Rusiñol, M.: Candidate fusion: integrating language modelling into a sequence-to-sequence handwritten word recognition architecture. Pattern Recogn. 112, 107790 (2021) Kang, L., Riba, P., Villegas, M., Fornés, A., Rusiñol, M.: Candidate fusion: integrating language modelling into a sequence-to-sequence handwritten word recognition architecture. Pattern Recogn. 112, 107790 (2021)
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Kang, L., Toledo, J.I., Riba, P., Villegas, M., Fornés, A., Rusiñol, M.: Convolve, attend and spell: an attention-based sequence-to-sequence model for handwritten word recognition. In: Brox, T., Bruhn, A., Fritz, M. (eds.) GCPR 2018. LNCS, vol. 11269, pp. 459–472. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12939-2_32 Kang, L., Toledo, J.I., Riba, P., Villegas, M., Fornés, A., Rusiñol, M.: Convolve, attend and spell: an attention-based sequence-to-sequence model for handwritten word recognition. In: Brox, T., Bruhn, A., Fritz, M. (eds.) GCPR 2018. LNCS, vol. 11269, pp. 459–472. Springer, Cham (2019). https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​978-3-030-12939-2_​32
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Krishnan, P., Kovvuri, R., Pang, G., Vassilev, B., Hassner, T.: Textstylebrush: transfer of text aesthetics from a single example. arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.08385 (2021) Krishnan, P., Kovvuri, R., Pang, G., Vassilev, B., Hassner, T.: Textstylebrush: transfer of text aesthetics from a single example. arXiv preprint arXiv:​2106.​08385 (2021)
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Marti, U.V., Bunke, H.: The IAM-database: an English sentence database for offline handwriting recognition. Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recogn. 5(1), 39–46 (2002)CrossRef Marti, U.V., Bunke, H.: The IAM-database: an English sentence database for offline handwriting recognition. Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recogn. 5(1), 39–46 (2002)CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Michael, J., Labahn, R., Grüning, T., Zöllner, J.: Evaluating sequence-to-sequence models for handwritten text recognition. In: 2019 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), pp. 1286–1293. IEEE (2019) Michael, J., Labahn, R., Grüning, T., Zöllner, J.: Evaluating sequence-to-sequence models for handwritten text recognition. In: 2019 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), pp. 1286–1293. IEEE (2019)
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Ng, A.: Lecture notes in cs230 deep learning (Stanford University, 2021 Fall) (2021) Ng, A.: Lecture notes in cs230 deep learning (Stanford University, 2021 Fall) (2021)
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Rodríguez-Serrano, J.A., Perronnin, F., et al.: A model-based sequence similarity with application to handwritten word spotting. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 34(11), 2108–2120 (2012)CrossRef Rodríguez-Serrano, J.A., Perronnin, F., et al.: A model-based sequence similarity with application to handwritten word spotting. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 34(11), 2108–2120 (2012)CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Shi, B., Bai, X., Yao, C.: An end-to-end trainable neural network for image-based sequence recognition and its application to scene text recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 39(11), 2298–2304 (2016)CrossRef Shi, B., Bai, X., Yao, C.: An end-to-end trainable neural network for image-based sequence recognition and its application to scene text recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 39(11), 2298–2304 (2016)CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Smith, L.N.: A disciplined approach to neural network hyper-parameters: Part 1-learning rate, batch size, momentum, and weight decay. arXiv preprint arXiv:1803.09820 (2018) Smith, L.N.: A disciplined approach to neural network hyper-parameters: Part 1-learning rate, batch size, momentum, and weight decay. arXiv preprint arXiv:​1803.​09820 (2018)
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Sueiras, J., Ruiz, V., Sanchez, A., Velez, J.F.: Offline continuous handwriting recognition using sequence to sequence neural networks. Neurocomputing 289, 119–128 (2018)CrossRef Sueiras, J., Ruiz, V., Sanchez, A., Velez, J.F.: Offline continuous handwriting recognition using sequence to sequence neural networks. Neurocomputing 289, 119–128 (2018)CrossRef
21.
Metadaten
Titel
AttentionHTR: Handwritten Text Recognition Based on Attention Encoder-Decoder Networks
verfasst von
Dmitrijs Kass
Ekta Vats
Copyright-Jahr
2022
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06555-2_34

Premium Partner