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2013 | Buch

Processual Autopoietic Knowledge Production in Organizations Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Knowledge Production in Organizations

A Processual Autopoietic View

verfasst von: Kaj U. Koskinen

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

The systemic view provides a basic approach through which people may advance their understanding of knowledge production in organizations. One of the most important contributions to this systemic view is the theory of social autopoiesis which emphasizes that knowledge production of organizations can only be understood through the view of a social autopoietic system. Recent developments in the field of organization research have started to view organization as a process rather than as entity. The author combines in this book these two approaches – autopoietic systemic view and process thinking - in a way that organizations are seen as processual autopoietic systems.​

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Processual Autopoietic Knowledge Production in Organizations
Abstract
The humans are today in the midst of great change, a situation which Thurow (2003) calls the third industrial revolution. It is a shift towards a knowledge-based economy, where knowledge is the most important resource, superseding the traditional management resources of land, capital and labour (Drucker 1993). Therefore, knowledge management has emerged as a new branch of management theory.
Kaj U. Koskinen
Chapter 2. Organization
Abstract
An organization is a social group which distributes tasks for a collective goal. There are a variety of legal types of organizations, including: firms, governments, non-governmental organizations, international organizations, armed forces, charities, not-for-profit corporations, partnerships, cooperatives, and universities. A hybrid organization is a body that operates in both the public sector and the private sector, simultaneously fulfilling public duties and developing commercial market activities. As a result the hybrid organization becomes a mixture of a government and a corporate organization.
Kaj U. Koskinen
Chapter 3. Systemic View and Systems Thinking
Abstract
A systemic view is the view that all systems are composed of interrelated subsystems. A whole is not just the sum of the parts, but the system itself can be explained only as a totality. The systemic view is, then, the opposite of reductionism, which views the total as the sum of its individual parts. In traditional organization theory, as well as in many of the sciences, the subsystems have been studied separately, with a view to putting the parts together into a whole at some later point. The systemic view emphasizes that this is not possible and that the starting point has to be the total system.
Kaj U. Koskinen
Chapter 4. Autopoiesis
Abstract
The original concept of autopoiesis reached the international scientific community through an article published by Varela, Maturana, and Uribe in 1974 (Varela et al. 1974), sponsored by von Foerster (Varela 1996). Its roots lie in cybernetics and in the neurophysiology of cognition. The autopoietic approach was subsequently refined and developed over a period of 5 years (Maturana 1975a, 1978; Maturana and Varela 1980; Varela 1979). Two readings edited by Zeleny (1980, 1981) established in quite a definite manner the essence of the autopoiesis paradigm, as well as differences between Maturana and Varela as to the possibility of its applications to the social sciences.
Kaj U. Koskinen
Chapter 5. Process Perspective
Abstract
Alfred North Whitehead (1861–1947), British mathematician, logician and philosopher, rejected the idea that an object can have a simple, spatial or temporary location. Objects, he argued, are abstractions from process. People may treat them as concrete things, but their metaphysical status is that of abstractions. The concepts of process perspective, process thinking, etc., described in this section are much based on Whitehead’s process philosophy.
Kaj U. Koskinen
Chapter 6. Luhmann’s View of Social Autopoietic Systems
Abstract
Social systems theory is inextricably linked to Niklas Luhman (1927–1998) who is without a doubt one of the most influential social theorists of the last century. Over the years, Luhmann published on a variety of societal topics such as art, ecology, economy, education, law, love, mass media, politics, religion, and science. Organizations were of major interest to Luhmann. He never lost sight of organizations as a particular instance of social systems.
Kaj U. Koskinen
Chapter 7. Epistemological Assumptions
Abstract
The literature of organizational knowledge reveals that firms can be regarded as knowledge-intensive systems (e.g. Newell et al. 2002). However, by this literature the epistemological assumptions have not been well clarified. Therefore, an attempt to improve the knowledge-based theory of a firm is a necessity here.
Kaj U. Koskinen
Chapter 8. Knowledge and Knowledge Management
Abstract
It was the 1980s when knowledge was supplanting physical assets as the dominant basis of capital value and that started the current interest in knowledge and possibility of creating more and using it better. Knowledge management emerged as a new branch of management theory, starting with the evidently knowledge-lead industries, progressive companies were quick to take up the idea. Their experience fed back into research, and understanding of the processes by which knowledge is acquired, shared and used, and how they can be improved, grew rapidly.
Kaj U. Koskinen
Chapter 9. Evolution and Learning in Organizations
Abstract
Evolutionary theories are a class of theories, models, or arguments that explain how firms evolve and why successful firms differ from each other. They explain the generations and renewal of variation by random elements and winnowing. Internal forces provide continuity to whatever survives the winnowing. Many of the economic evolutionary theories assume that individual learning, organizational adaptation, and environmental selection of organizations are going on at the same time (Nelson and Winter 1982; Nelson 1994, 1995).
Kaj U. Koskinen
Chapter 10. Micro–Macro Problem
Abstract
According to the traditional ‘stable-process’ problem (i.e. macro–micro problem), the firm’s structure (i.e. stable) and production (i.e. process) cannot interact (e.g. Bakken and Hernes 2002a). Conceptually, they both remain distinctly different entities, and the differences stem from epistemologically different theoretical projects. However, the complexities of business organizations demand that we are able to analyse them at different levels – i.e. the organization’s structure and production levels – and that we are able to relate processes at different levels to one another.
Kaj U. Koskinen
Chapter 11. Macro and Micro Processes
Abstract
In a larger time-space entity, such as in a firm (i.e. autopoietic system), the organization’s structure evolves slowly and takes hold through production processes (e.g. Levitt and March 1988). This means that within the structure, micro processes are at work, referred to by Weick and Roberts (1993) as micro changes (i.e. micro processes). Thus, micro processes take place amid the larger movements in firms, and may connect to the more overall organizational unfolding in a variety ways. Hernes (2004) suggests that stable organizational spaces (i.e. structure) serve as a harbour for emergent processes providing resources to emergent micro processes.
Kaj U. Koskinen
Chapter 12. Firm as a Processual Autopoietic Knowledge Production Organization
Abstract
Firms as autopoietic organizations (i.e. autopoietic systems) are primarily constituted in terms of decisive communications, or communicative events – they do not consist of people, who are defined to be in the environment of social autopoietic systems. In other words, the firms are autopoietic in that they are networks of communications that produce further communications, and only communications.
Kaj U. Koskinen
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Knowledge Production in Organizations
verfasst von
Kaj U. Koskinen
Copyright-Jahr
2013
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-00104-3
Print ISBN
978-3-319-00103-6
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00104-3

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