Skip to main content

2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Enriching API Descriptions by Adding API Profiles Through Semantic Annotation

verfasst von : Meherun Nesa Lucky, Marco Cremaschi, Barbara Lodigiani, Antonio Menolascina, Flavio De Paoli

Erschienen in: Service-Oriented Computing

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In recent years several description tools and formats have been introduced for describing REST Web APIs both in human and machine readable formats. Although these descriptions provide functional information about the APIs (e.g. HTTP methods, URIs, model schema, etc.), the information that qualifies the properties of APIs (e.g. classification of input arguments and response data) is missing. We envisage that providing a complete set of information to the users will facilitate the composition of APIs to fulfil users’ specific needs.
This paper analyses the current state of the art in Web API Descriptions and Semantic Annotations to show that although there are solutions with semantic capabilities, most of them fails to add semantic annotations automatically or semi-automatically. Moreover, advanced technical skills are needed to manage semantics and compose different Web APIs, which reduce the number of potential users of such solutions. The goal is to enhance actual API descriptions by creating a simple description format to annotate properties at semantic level to support semi-automatic composition. To achieve this goal, we propose an extension of the Open API Initiative (OAI) specification to create comprehensive descriptions. The approach focuses on the emerging concept of API Profiling to add descriptive information of data semantics by addressing Dublin Core Application Profile (DCAP) guidelines.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Danielsen, P.J., Jeffrey, A.: Validation and interactivity of web API documentation. In: 2013 IEEE 20th International Conference on Web Services (ICWS), pp. 523–530. IEEE (2013) Danielsen, P.J., Jeffrey, A.: Validation and interactivity of web API documentation. In: 2013 IEEE 20th International Conference on Web Services (ICWS), pp. 523–530. IEEE (2013)
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Gupta, S., Szekely, P., Knoblock, C.A., Goel, A., Taheriyan, M., Muslea, M.: Karma: a system for mapping structured sources into the semantic web. In: Simperl, E., Norton, B., Mladenic, D., Valle, E.D., Fundulaki, I., Passant, A., Troncy, R. (eds.) ESWC 2012. LNCS, vol. 7540, pp. 430–434. Springer, Heidelberg (2012) Gupta, S., Szekely, P., Knoblock, C.A., Goel, A., Taheriyan, M., Muslea, M.: Karma: a system for mapping structured sources into the semantic web. In: Simperl, E., Norton, B., Mladenic, D., Valle, E.D., Fundulaki, I., Passant, A., Troncy, R. (eds.) ESWC 2012. LNCS, vol. 7540, pp. 430–434. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Lafferty, J., McCallum, A., Pereira, F.C.: Conditional random fields: probabilistic models for segmenting and labeling sequence data, pp. 282–289 (2001) Lafferty, J., McCallum, A., Pereira, F.C.: Conditional random fields: probabilistic models for segmenting and labeling sequence data, pp. 282–289 (2001)
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Lanthaler, M., Gütl, C.: A semantic description language for restful data services to combat semaphobia. In: Digital Ecosystems and Technologies Conference (DEST), 2011 Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies, pp. 47–53. IEEE (2011) Lanthaler, M., Gütl, C.: A semantic description language for restful data services to combat semaphobia. In: Digital Ecosystems and Technologies Conference (DEST), 2011 Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies, pp. 47–53. IEEE (2011)
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Lanthaler, M., Gütl, C.: Hydra: a vocabulary for hypermedia-driven web APIs. In: LDOW 996 (2013) Lanthaler, M., Gütl, C.: Hydra: a vocabulary for hypermedia-driven web APIs. In: LDOW 996 (2013)
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Mayer, S., Inhelder, N., Verborgh, R., Van de Walle, R., Mattern, F.: Configuration of smart environments made simple: combining visual modeling with semantic metadata and reasoning. In: Internet of Things (IOT), 2014 International Conference on the Internet of Things, pp. 61–66. IEEE (2014) Mayer, S., Inhelder, N., Verborgh, R., Van de Walle, R., Mattern, F.: Configuration of smart environments made simple: combining visual modeling with semantic metadata and reasoning. In: Internet of Things (IOT), 2014 International Conference on the Internet of Things, pp. 61–66. IEEE (2014)
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Mitra, R.: Rapido: a sketching tool for web API designers. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion, pp. 1509–1514. International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee (2015) Mitra, R.: Rapido: a sketching tool for web API designers. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web Companion, pp. 1509–1514. International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee (2015)
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Myers, B.A., Jeong, S.Y., Xie, Y., Beaton, J., Stylos, J., Ehret, R., Karstens, J., Efeoglu, A., Busse, D.K.: Studying the documentation of an API for enterprise service-oriented architecture. IGI Global (2012) Myers, B.A., Jeong, S.Y., Xie, Y., Beaton, J., Stylos, J., Ehret, R., Karstens, J., Efeoglu, A., Busse, D.K.: Studying the documentation of an API for enterprise service-oriented architecture. IGI Global (2012)
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Panziera, L., De Paoli, F.: A framework for self-descriptive restful services. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on World Wide Web Companion, pp. 1407–1414. International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee (2013) Panziera, L., De Paoli, F.: A framework for self-descriptive restful services. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on World Wide Web Companion, pp. 1407–1414. International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee (2013)
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmachtenberg, M., Bizer, C., Paulheim, H.: Adoption of the linked data best practices in different topical domains. In: Mika, P., et al. (eds.) ISWC 2014, Part I. LNCS, vol. 8796, pp. 245–260. Springer, Heidelberg (2014) Schmachtenberg, M., Bizer, C., Paulheim, H.: Adoption of the linked data best practices in different topical domains. In: Mika, P., et al. (eds.) ISWC 2014, Part I. LNCS, vol. 8796, pp. 245–260. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Sheng, Q.Z., Qiao, X., Vasilakos, A.V., Szabo, C., Bourne, S., Xu, X.: Web services composition: a decades overview. Inf. Sci. 280, 218–238 (2014)CrossRef Sheng, Q.Z., Qiao, X., Vasilakos, A.V., Szabo, C., Bourne, S., Xu, X.: Web services composition: a decades overview. Inf. Sci. 280, 218–238 (2014)CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Sheth, A.P., Gomadam, K., Lathem, J.: SA-REST: semantically interoperable and easier-to-use services and mashups. IEEE Internet Comput. 11(6), 91 (2007)CrossRef Sheth, A.P., Gomadam, K., Lathem, J.: SA-REST: semantically interoperable and easier-to-use services and mashups. IEEE Internet Comput. 11(6), 91 (2007)CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Steiner, T., Algermissen, J.: Fulfilling the hypermedia constraint via HTTP OPTIONS, the HTTP vocabulary in RDF, and link headers. In: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on RESTful Design, pp. 11–14. ACM (2011) Steiner, T., Algermissen, J.: Fulfilling the hypermedia constraint via HTTP OPTIONS, the HTTP vocabulary in RDF, and link headers. In: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on RESTful Design, pp. 11–14. ACM (2011)
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Taheriyan, M., Knoblock, C.A., Szekely, P., Ambite, J.L.: Rapidly integrating services into the linked data cloud. In: Cudré-Mauroux, P., et al. (eds.) ISWC 2012, Part I. LNCS, vol. 7649, pp. 559–574. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)CrossRef Taheriyan, M., Knoblock, C.A., Szekely, P., Ambite, J.L.: Rapidly integrating services into the linked data cloud. In: Cudré-Mauroux, P., et al. (eds.) ISWC 2012, Part I. LNCS, vol. 7649, pp. 559–574. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Taheriyan, M., Knoblock, C.A., Szekely, P., Ambite, J.L.: Semi-automatically modeling web APIs to create linked APIs. In: Proceedings of the ESWC 2012 Workshop on Linked APIs (2012) Taheriyan, M., Knoblock, C.A., Szekely, P., Ambite, J.L.: Semi-automatically modeling web APIs to create linked APIs. In: Proceedings of the ESWC 2012 Workshop on Linked APIs (2012)
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Tosi, D., Morasca, S.: Supporting the semi-automatic semantic annotation of web services: a systematic literature review. Inf. Softw. Technol. 61, 16–32 (2015)CrossRef Tosi, D., Morasca, S.: Supporting the semi-automatic semantic annotation of web services: a systematic literature review. Inf. Softw. Technol. 61, 16–32 (2015)CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsouroplis, R., Petychakis, M., Alvertis, I., Biliri, E., Lampathaki, F., Askounis, D.: Community-based API builder to manage APIs and their connections with cloud-based services. In: CAiSE Forum (2015) Tsouroplis, R., Petychakis, M., Alvertis, I., Biliri, E., Lampathaki, F., Askounis, D.: Community-based API builder to manage APIs and their connections with cloud-based services. In: CAiSE Forum (2015)
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Vandenbussche, P.Y., Atemezing, G.A., Poveda-Villalón, M., Vatant, B.: Linked open vocabularies (LOV): a gateway to reusable semantic vocabularies on the web. Semant. Web (Preprint) 1–16 (2015) Vandenbussche, P.Y., Atemezing, G.A., Poveda-Villalón, M., Vatant, B.: Linked open vocabularies (LOV): a gateway to reusable semantic vocabularies on the web. Semant. Web (Preprint) 1–16 (2015)
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Verborgh, R., Harth, A., Maleshkova, M., Stadtmüller, S., Steiner, T., Taheriyan, M., Van de Walle, R.: Survey of semantic description of REST APIs. In: Pautasso, C., Wilde, E., Alarcon, R. (eds.) REST: Advanced Research Topics and Practical Applications, pp. 69–89. Springer, New York (2014)CrossRef Verborgh, R., Harth, A., Maleshkova, M., Stadtmüller, S., Steiner, T., Taheriyan, M., Van de Walle, R.: Survey of semantic description of REST APIs. In: Pautasso, C., Wilde, E., Alarcon, R. (eds.) REST: Advanced Research Topics and Practical Applications, pp. 69–89. Springer, New York (2014)CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Verborgh, R., Mannnens, E., Van de Walle, R.: Bottom-up web APIs with self-descriptive responses. In: Proceedings of the First Karlsruhe Service Summit Workshop-Advances in Service Research, p. 143. KIT Scientific Publishing (2015) Verborgh, R., Mannnens, E., Van de Walle, R.: Bottom-up web APIs with self-descriptive responses. In: Proceedings of the First Karlsruhe Service Summit Workshop-Advances in Service Research, p. 143. KIT Scientific Publishing (2015)
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Verborgh, R., Steiner, T., Van Deursen, D., De Roo, J., Van de Walle, R., Vallés, J.G.: Description and interaction of restful services for automatic discovery and execution. In: 2011 FTRA International Workshop on Advanced Future Multimedia Services (AFMS 2011). FTRA (2011) Verborgh, R., Steiner, T., Van Deursen, D., De Roo, J., Van de Walle, R., Vallés, J.G.: Description and interaction of restful services for automatic discovery and execution. In: 2011 FTRA International Workshop on Advanced Future Multimedia Services (AFMS 2011). FTRA (2011)
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Verborgh, R., Steiner, T., Van Deursen, D., De Roo, J., Van de Walle, R., Vallés, J.G.: Capturing the functionality of web services with functional descriptions. Multimedia Tools Appl. 64(2), 365–387 (2013)CrossRef Verborgh, R., Steiner, T., Van Deursen, D., De Roo, J., Van de Walle, R., Vallés, J.G.: Capturing the functionality of web services with functional descriptions. Multimedia Tools Appl. 64(2), 365–387 (2013)CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, Z.: Start small, build complete: effective and efficient semantic table interpretation using tableminer. Under Transpar. Rev.: Semant. Web J. (2014) Zhang, Z.: Start small, build complete: effective and efficient semantic table interpretation using tableminer. Under Transpar. Rev.: Semant. Web J. (2014)
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, Z.: Towards efficient and effective semantic table interpretation. In: Mika, P., et al. (eds.) ISWC 2014, Part I. LNCS, vol. 8796, pp. 487–502. Springer, Heidelberg (2014) Zhang, Z.: Towards efficient and effective semantic table interpretation. In: Mika, P., et al. (eds.) ISWC 2014, Part I. LNCS, vol. 8796, pp. 487–502. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)
Metadaten
Titel
Enriching API Descriptions by Adding API Profiles Through Semantic Annotation
verfasst von
Meherun Nesa Lucky
Marco Cremaschi
Barbara Lodigiani
Antonio Menolascina
Flavio De Paoli
Copyright-Jahr
2016
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46295-0_55

Premium Partner