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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

A New Model of Civil Litigation in Slovenia: Is the Slovenian Judiciary Prepared for the Challenges Presented by the New Law on Collective Actions?

verfasst von : Jorg Sladič

Erschienen in: Transformation of Civil Justice

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Slovenia has adopted a new law on collective redress under EU, US, Dutch and Belgian influence. This contribution gives an overview of the new law. However, a static presentation of the law would not give a sufficient overview of the challenges faced by collective redress vehicles in Slovenia. Slovenian law is a mixture of a civil law system with a socialist heritage, which can be seen in the extreme formalism in the judiciary. Collective redress is a vehicle for the regulatory function in civil litigation. Yet, such a regulatory function is very much disliked in civil law jurisdictions. The main ingredient from the socialist tradition is a fear of collective redress, for collective redress is seen as regulation through litigation. Claimants and other litigants autonomously determine their future behaviour. Under the socialist heritage, higher court judges consider law as an instrument of class rule, perhaps even exploitation and alienation. Collective redress as defined by the regulation through litigation doctrine is indeed the very opposite of the socialist conception of law. Small individuals go against corporate Leviathans and force them by virtue of law to change their behaviour. In this contribution the author argues that collective redress will be perceived by the judiciary as a legal irritant, and it will not have a bright future.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Human Rights Class Actions

Nächstes Kapitel The Brazilian Collective Redress System

Law of Collective Actions (Zakon o kolektivnih tožbah—ZkolT), Official Journal of the Republic of Slovenia No. 51/2017.

EVA 2016-2030-0007.

A conference on the draft law was organised for attorneys and judges in the second half of 2016 by the Ministry of Justice.

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As seen in Europe in, e.g., compulsory provisions in competition law intended to protect competition, such as in Arts. 101 and 102, Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).

Such a tradition led to a peculiar situation in Serbia where consumer-oriented collective redress litigation as of 2014 will be conducted in administrative proceedings before administrative authorities.

See e.g. Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland, Landesverband Nordrhein-Westfalen, C-115/09, ECLI:EU:C:2011:289.

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See e.g. the Prussian Iron Chancellor Otto von Bismarck as the founder of the European welfare state after German unification.

The totalitarian influence in the regulatory state in Europe will not be forgotten. When comparing Tito’s Yugoslavia and Franco’s Spain one could be surprised by the similarity and even identity of arguments used for the justification of the ever-expanding regulatory state at the individual’s expense.

Le principe de toute Souveraineté réside essentiellement dans la Nation. Nul corps, nul individu ne peut exercer d’autorité qui n’en émane expressément (The principle of any sovereignty resides essentially in the Nation. No body, no individual can exert authority which does not emanate expressly from it).

La garantie des droits de l’Homme et du Citoyen nécessite une force publique: cette force est donc instituée pour l’avantage de tous, et non pour l’utilité particulière de ceux auxquels elle est confiée (The guarantee of the rights of man and of the citizen necessitates a public force: this force is thus instituted for the advantage of all and not for the particular utility of those to whom it is entrusted).

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COM (2013) 401 Final, 11 June 2013, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions “Towards a European Horizontal Framework for Collective Redress”, p. 10: “There is a consensus among stakeholders that private and public enforcement are two different means that should normally pursue different objectives. Whereas it is the core task of public enforcement to apply EU law in the public interest and impose sanctions on infringers to punish them and to deter them from committing future infringements, private collective redress is seen primarily as an instrument to provide those affected by infringements with access to justice and—as far as compensatory collective redress is concerned—the possibility to claim compensation for harm suffered. In this sense, public enforcement and private collective redress are seen as complementing each other. Collective damages actions should aim to secure compensation of damage that is found to be caused by an infringement. The punishment and deterrence functions should be exercised by public enforcement. There is no need for EU initiatives on collective redress to go beyond the goal of compensation: Punitive damages should not be part of a European collective redress system.”

However Sirc also explains that as in Slovenia no judges were dismissed after the fall of communism, those with the qualification of a Marxist moral-political orientation remain in situ.

How does one cite a Latvian Soviet people’s commissar of justice known for food theft and terror (Stučka) or Stalin’s attorney general and inventor of political show trials (Vyšinsky) and then claim adherence to human rights and an independent judiciary?

English text also available free of charge at https://www.marxists.org/archive/pashukanis/1924/law/ch03.htm. Accessed 7 June 2018.

The author of this study advised, in a preliminary reference to the CJEU, an association of Slovenian small shareholders, which acted for more than 500 harmed individuals after a bank bail-in operated by the Slovenian government (Kotnik, C-526/14). The special purpose vehicle was created by entrepreneurial, harmed individuals without any legislative or jurisprudential intervention, as a solution in the light of governmental, administrative and judicial failure to protect harmed rights.

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Titel: A New Model of Civil Litigation in Slovenia: Is the Slovenian Judiciary Prepared for the Challenges Presented by the New Law on Collective Actions?
verfasst von: Jorg Sladič
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Transformation of Civil Justice
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-97357-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-97358-6

Copyright-Jahr: 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97358-6_12

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