nach oben

Erschienen in:

2012 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

10. SERS Hot Spots

verfasst von : Robert C. Maher

Erschienen in: Raman Spectroscopy for Nanomaterials Characterization

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Hot spots are highly localized regions of intense local field enhancement believed to be caused by local surface plasmon resonances (LSPR). Formed within the interstitial crevices present in metallic nanostructures [1–4], such hot spots have been claimed to provide extraordinary enhancements of up to 10¹⁵ orders of magnitude to the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal (proportional to |E| ⁴) [5] in areas of subwavelength localization [6, 7]. As a result, hot spots are critically important for SERS and, if in sufficient density, can dominate the properties of any SERS active substrate within which they reside. Given their characteristics, hot spots are now widely acknowledged to be a prerequisite for the observation of single-molecule SERS and set the limit for the achievable spatial resolution for SERS as applied to scanning probe microscopy with high chemical specificity also known as tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). As a result of their importance to SERS, hot spots have generated a great deal of interest in the last 5 years. This review summarizes the key results from recent theoretical and experimental investigations focused on improving the understanding of the characteristics of SERS hot spots and their control.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Raman Spectroscopy for Characterization of Graphene

Nächstes Kapitel Immunoassays and Imaging Based on Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Michaels AM, Jiang J, Brus L (2000) Ag nanocrystal junctions as the site for surface-enhanced Raman scattering of single rhodamine 6 G molecules. J Phys Chem B 104(50):11965–11971CrossRef

Xu HX, Aizpurua J, Kall M, Apell P (2000) Electromagnetic contributions to single-molecule sensitivity in surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Phys Rev E 62(3):4318–4324CrossRef

Futamata M (2006) Single molecule sensitivity in SERS: importance of junction of adjacent Ag nanoparticles. Faraday Discuss 132:45–61CrossRef

Jiang J, Bosnick K, Maillard M, Brus L (2003) Single molecule Raman spectroscopy at the junctions of large Ag nanocrystals. J Phys Chem B 107(37):9964–9972CrossRef

Anderson DJ, Moskovits M (2006) A SERS-active system based on silver nanoparticles tethered to a deposited silver film. J Phys Chem B 110(28):13722–13727CrossRef

Le Ru EC, Etchegoin PG (2004) Sub-wavelength localization of hot-spots in SERS. Chem Phys Lett 396(4–6):393–397

Kneipp K, Kneipp H, Itzkan I, Dasari RR, Feld MS (2002) Surface-enhanced Raman scattering and biophysics. J Phys-Condens Mat 14(18):R597–R624CrossRef

Fleischm M, Hendra PJ, Mcquilla AJ (1974) Raman-spectra of pyridine adsorbed at a silver electrode. Chem Phys Lett 26(2):163–166CrossRef

Jeanmaire DL, Vanduyne RP (1977) Surface Raman spectroelectrochemistry. 1. Heterocyclic, aromatic, and aliphatic-amines adsorbed on anodized silver electrode. J Electroanal Chem 84(1):1–20CrossRef

10.

Moskovits M (1978) Surface-roughness and enhanced intensity of Raman-scattering by molecules adsorbed on metals. J Chem Phys 69(9):4159–4161CrossRef

11.

Albrecht MG, Creighton JA (1977) Anomalously intense Raman-spectra of pyridine at a silver electrode. J Am Chem Soc 99(15):5215–5217CrossRef

12.

Moskovits M (1985) Surface-enhanced spectroscopy. Rev Mod Phys 57(3):783–826CrossRef

13.

Aroca R (2006) Surface-enhanced vibrational spectroscopy. Wiley, HobokenCrossRef

14.

Le Ru EC, Etchegoin P (2009) Principles of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, 1st edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam

15.

Le Ru EC, Etchegoin PG (2006) Rigorous justification of the [E](4) enhancement factor in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 423(1–3):63–66

16.

Moerl L, Pettinger B (1982) The role of Cu atoms on silver electrodes in surface enhanced Raman-scattering from pyridine – giant enhancement by a minority of adsorbed molecules. Solid State Commun 43(5):315–320CrossRef

17.

Watanabe T, Yanagihara N, Honda K, Pettinger B, Moerl L (1983) Effects of underpotentially deposited Tl and Pb submonolayers on the surface-enhanced Raman-scattering (SERS) from pyridine at Ag electrodes. Chem Phys Lett 96(6):649–655CrossRef

18.

Furtak TE, Roy D (1983) Nature of the active-site in surface-enhanced Raman-scattering. Phys Rev Lett 50(17):1301–1304CrossRef

19.

Etchegoin PG, Le Ru EC (2008) A perspective on single molecule SERS: current status and future challenges. Phys Chem Chem Phys 10(40):6079–6089CrossRef

20.

Zhang WH, Cui XD, Martin OJF (2009) Local field enhancement of an infinite conical metal tip illuminated by a focused beam. J Raman Spectrosc 40(10):1338–1342CrossRef

21.

Zhao LL, Jensen L, Schatz GC (2006) Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of pyrazine at the junction between two Ag-20 nanoclusters. Nano Lett 6(6):1229–1234CrossRef

22.

Nie SM, Emery SR (1997) Probing single molecules and single nanoparticles by surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Science 275(5303):1102–1106CrossRef

23.

Kneipp K, Wang Y, Kneipp H, Perelman LT, Itzkan I, Dasari R, Feld MS (1997) Single molecule detection using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Phys Rev Lett 78(9):1667–1670CrossRef

24.

Otto A (2006) On the significance of Shalaev’s “hot spots” in ensemble and single-molecule SERS by adsorbates on metallic films at the percolation threshold. J Raman Spectrosc 37(9):937–947CrossRef

25.

Zhang P, Haslett TL, Douketis C, Moskovits M (1998) Mode localization in self-affine fractal interfaces observed by near-field microscopy. Phys Rev B 57(24):15513–15518CrossRef

26.

Barnes WL (1998) Fluorescence near interfaces: the role of photonic mode density. J Mod Opt 45(4):661–699CrossRef

27.

Aslan K, Geddes CD (2009) Metal-enhanced chemiluminescence: advanced chemiluminescence concepts for the 21st century. Chem Soc Rev 38(9):2556–2564CrossRef

28.

Osawa M (2001) Surface-enhanced infrared absorption. Near-Field Opt Surf Plasmon Polaritons 81:163–187CrossRef

29.

Lal S, Grady NK, Kundu J, Levin CS, Lassiter JB, Halas NJ (2008) Tailoring plasmonic substrates for surface enhanced spectroscopies. Chem Soc Rev 37(5):898–911CrossRef

30.

Baker GA, Moore DS (2005) Progress in plasmonic engineering of surface-enhanced Raman-scattering substrates toward ultra-trace analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 382(8):1751–1770CrossRef

31.

Ozbay E (2006) Plasmonics: merging photonics and electronics at nanoscale dimensions. Science 311(5758):189–193CrossRef

32.

Maier S (2007) Plasmonics: fundamentals and applications. Springer, Berlin

33.

Srituravanich W, Fang N, Durant S, Ambati M, Sun C, Zhang X (2004) Sub-100 nm lithography using ultrashort wavelength of surface plasmons. J Vac Sci Technol B 22(6):3475–3478CrossRef

34.

Liu ZW, Steele JM, Srituravanich W, Pikus Y, Sun C, Zhang X (2005) Focusing surface plasmons with a plasmonic lens. Nano Lett 5(9):1726–1729CrossRef

35.

Shao DB, Chen SC (2005) Surface-plasmon-assisted nanoscale photolithography by polarized light. Appl Phys Lett 86(25):253107CrossRef

36.

Maier SA, Kik PG, Atwater HA, Meltzer S, Harel E, Koel BE, Requicha AAG (2003) Local detection of electromagnetic energy transport below the diffraction limit in metal nanoparticle plasmon waveguides. Nat Mater 2(4):229–232CrossRef

37.

Grigorenko AN, Roberts NW, Dickinson MR, Zhang Y (2008) Nanometric optical tweezers based on nanostructured substrates. Nat Photonics 2(6):365–370CrossRef

38.

Cubukcu E, Yu NF, Smythe EJ, Diehl L, Crozier KB, Capasso F (2008) Plasmonic laser antennas and related devices. Ieee J Sel Top Quant 14(6):1448–1461CrossRef

39.

Oulton RF, Sorger VJ, Zentgraf T, Ma RM, Gladden C, Dai L, Bartal G, Zhang X (2009) Plasmon lasers at deep subwavelength scale. Nature 461(7264):629–632CrossRef

40.

Flores SM, Toca-Herrera JL (2009) The new future of scanning probe microscopy: combining atomic force microscopy with other surface-sensitive techniques, optical and microscopy fluorescence techniques. Nanoscale 1(1):40–49CrossRef

41.

Gerardy JM, Ausloos M (1982) Absorption-spectrum of clusters of spheres from the general-solution of Maxwell equations. 2. Optical-properties of aggregated metal spheres. Phys Rev B 25(6):4204–4229CrossRef

42.

Zhao J, Pinchuk AO, Mcmahon JM, Li SZ, Ausman LK, Atkinson AL, Schatz GC (2008) Methods for describing the electromagnetic properties of silver and gold nanoparticles. Acc Chem Res 41(12):1710–1720CrossRef

43.

Goldstein J, Newbury DE, Joy DC, Lyman CE, Echlin P, Lifshin E, Sawyer L, Michael JR (2003) Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis. Springer, New YorkCrossRef

44.

Williams DB, Barry Carter CB (2009) Transmission electron microscopy: a textbook for materials science. Springer, New York

45.

Eaton P, West P (2010) Atomic force microscopy. Oxford University Press, OxfordCrossRef

46.

Abashin M (2009) Near-field characterization of photonic nanodevices: near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) characterization of photonic nanodevices and nanoscale optical phenomena. Saarbrücken, Germany

47.

Franssila S (2004) Introduction to microfabrication. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester

48.

Orloff J, Swanson L, Utlaut M (2002) High resolution focused Ion beams: FIB and applications. Springer, BerlinCrossRef

49.

Gersten JI (1980) The effect of surface-roughness on surface enhanced Raman-scattering. J Chem Phys 72(10):5779–5780CrossRef

50.

Gersten J, Nitzan A (1980) Electromagnetic theory of enhanced Raman-scattering by molecules adsorbed on rough surfaces. J Chem Phys 73(7):3023–3037CrossRef

51.

Gersten JI, Nitzan A (1985) Photophysics and photochemistry near surfaces and small particles. Surf Sci 158(1–3):165–189CrossRef

52.

Wang DS, Kerker M (1981) Enhanced Raman-scattering by molecules adsorbed at the surface of colloidal spheroids. Phys Rev B 24(4):1777–1790CrossRef

53.

Li KR, Stockman MI, Bergman DJ (2003) Self-similar chain of metal nanospheres as an efficient nanolens. Phys Rev Lett 91(22):227402

54.

Hao E, Schatz GC (2004) Electromagnetic fields around silver nanoparticles and dimers. J Chem Phys 120(1):357–366CrossRef

55.

GarciaVidal FJ, Pendry JB (1996) Collective theory for surface enhanced Raman scattering. Phys Rev Lett 77(6):1163–1166CrossRef

56.

Shalaev VM, Sarychev AK (1998) Nonlinear optics of random metal-dielectric films. Phys Rev B 57(20):13265–13288CrossRef

57.

Markel VA, Shalaev VM, Zhang P, Huynh W, Tay L, Haslett TL, Moskovits M (1999) Near-field optical spectroscopy of individual surface-plasmon modes in colloid clusters. Phys Rev B 59(16):10903–10909CrossRef

58.

Le Ru EC, Etchegoin PG, Meyer M (2006) Enhancement factor distribution around a single surface-enhanced Raman scattering hot spot and its relation to single molecule detection. J Chem Phys 125(20):204701

59.

Etchegoin PG, Galloway C, Le Ru EC (2006) Polarization-dependent effects in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Phys Chem Chem Phys 8(22):2624–2628CrossRef

60.

Weisstein EW. The Pareto distribution. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/ParetoDistribution.html

61.

Boyack R, Le Ru EC (2009) Investigation of particle shape and size effects in SERS using T-matrix calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 11(34):7398–7405CrossRef

62.

Kahl M, Voges E (2000) Analysis of plasmon resonance and surface-enhanced Raman scattering on periodic silver structures. Phys Rev B 61(20):14078–14088CrossRef

63.

Norton SJ, Vo-Dinh T (2008) Optical response of linear chains of metal nanospheres and nanospheroids. J Opt Soc Am A 25(11):2767–2775CrossRef

64.

Wang ZB, Luk’yanchuk BS, Guo W, Edwardson SP, Whitehead DJ, Li L, Liu Z, Watkins KG (2008) The influences of particle number on hot spots in strongly coupled metal nanoparticles chain. J Chem Phys 128(9):094705

65.

Perassi EA, Canali LR, Coronado EA (2009) Enhancement and confinement analysis of the electromagnetic fields inside Hot spots. J Phys Chem C 113(16):6315–6319CrossRef

66.

Li SZ, Pedano ML, Chang SH, Mirkin CA, Schatz GC (2010) Gap structure effects on surface-enhanced Raman scattering intensities for gold gapped rods. Nano Lett 10(5):1722–1727CrossRef

67.

Qin LD, Zou SL, Xue C, Atkinson A, Schatz GC, Mirkin CA (2006) Designing, fabricating, and imaging Raman hot spots. P Natl Acad Sci USA 103(36):13300–13303CrossRef

68.

Pettinger B, Moerl L (1983) Influence of foreign metal atoms deposited at electrodes on local and nonlocal processes in surface enhanced Raman-scattering. J Electron Spectrosc 29:383–395CrossRef

69.

Persson BNJ (1981) On the theory of surface-enhanced Raman-scattering. Chem Phys Lett 82(3):561–565CrossRef

70.

Otto A (2002) What is observed in single molecule SERS, and why? J Raman Spectrosc 33(8):593–598CrossRef

71.

Peyser-Capadona L, Zheng J, Gonzalez JI, Lee TH, Patel SA, Dickson RM (2005) Nanoparticle-free single molecule anti-stokes Raman spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 94(5):058301

72.

Zhao LL, Jensen L, Schatz GC (2006) Pyridine-Ag-20 cluster: a model system for studying surface-enhanced Raman scattering. J Am Chem Soc 128(9):2911–2919CrossRef

73.

Aikens CM, Schatz GC (2006) TDDFT studies of absorption and SERS spectra of pyridine interacting with Au-20. J Phys Chem A 110(49):13317–13324CrossRef

74.

Brewer KE, Aikens CM (2010) TDDFT investigation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering of HCN and CN- on Ag-20. J Phys Chem A 114(33):8858–8863CrossRef

75.

Shegai T, Vaskevich A, Rubinstein I, Haran G (2009) Raman spectroelectrochemistry of molecules within individual electromagnetic Hot spots. J Am Chem Soc 131(40):14390–14398CrossRef

76.

Elfick APD, Downes AR, Mouras R (2010) Development of tip-enhanced optical spectroscopy for biological applications: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 396(1):45–52CrossRef

77.

Domke KF, Pettinger B (2010) Studying surface chemistry beyond the diffraction limit: 10 years of TERS. Chemphyschem 11(7):1365–1373CrossRef

78.

Stockle RM, Suh YD, Deckert V, Zenobi R (2000) Nanoscale chemical analysis by tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 318(1–3):131–136CrossRef

79.

Bailo E, Deckert V (2008) Tip-enhanced Raman scattering. Chem Soc Rev 37(5):921–930CrossRef

80.

Hartschuh A, Sanchez EJ, Xie XS, Novotny L (2003) High-resolution near-field Raman microscopy of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Phys Rev Lett 90(9):095503

81.

Pettinger B, Ren B, Picardi G, Schuster R, Ertl G (2004) Nanoscale probing of adsorbed species by tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 92(9):096101

82.

Zhang WH, Yeo BS, Schmid T, Zenobi R (2007) Single molecule tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with silver tips. J Phys Chem C 111(4):1733–1738CrossRef

83.

Berweger S, Raschke MB (2010) Signal limitations in tip-enhanced Raman scattering: the challenge to become a routine analytical technique. Anal Bioanal Chem 396(1):115–123CrossRef

84.

Motohashi M, Hayazawa N, Tarun A, Kawata S (2008) Depolarization effect in reflection-mode tip-enhanced Raman scattering for Raman active crystals. J Appl Phys 103(3):034309

85.

Neacsu CC, Dreyer J, Behr N, Raschke MB (2006) Scanning-probe Raman spectroscopy with single-molecule sensitivity. Phys Rev B 73(19):193406

86.

Domke KF, Pettinger B (2007) Comment on “scanning-probe Raman spectroscopy with single-molecule sensitivity”. Phys Rev B 75(23):236401

87.

Neacsu CC, Dreyer J, Behr N, Raschke MB (2007) Reply to “comment on ‘scanning-probe Raman spectroscopy with single-molecule sensitivity’”. Phys Rev B 75(23):236402

88.

Steidtner J, Pettinger B (2008) Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and microscopy on single dye molecules with 15 nm resolution. Phys Rev Lett 100(23):236101

89.

Zhang D, Domke KF, Pettinger B (2010) Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopic studies of the hydrogen bonding between adenine and thymine adsorbed on Au (111). Chemphyschem 11(8):1662–1665CrossRef

90.

Geshev PI, Fischer U, Fuchs H (2010) Calculation of tip enhanced Raman scattering caused by nanoparticle plasmons acting on a molecule placed near a metallic film. Phys Rev B 81(12):125441

91.

Pettinger B, Domke KF, Zhang D, Picardi G, Schuster R (2009) Tip-enhanced Raman scattering: influence of the tip-surface geometry on optical resonance and enhancement. Surf Sci 603(10–12):1335–1341CrossRef

92.

Sackrow M, Stanciu C, Lieb MA, Meixner AJ (2008) Imaging nanometre-sized hot spots on smooth Au films with high-resolution tip-enhanced luminescence and Raman near-field optical microscopy. Chemphyschem 9(2):316–320CrossRef

93.

Berweger S, Raschke MB (2009) Polar phonon mode selection rules in tip-enhanced Raman scattering. J Raman Spectrosc 40(10):1413–1419CrossRef

94.

Domke KF, Pettinger B (2009) Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of 6 H-SiC with graphene adlayers: selective suppression of E1 modes. J Raman Spectrosc 40(10):1427–1433CrossRef

95.

Le Ru EC, Meyer M, Blackie E, Etchegoin PG (2008) Advanced aspects of electromagnetic SERS enhancement factors at a hot spot. J Raman Spectrosc 39(9):1127–1134CrossRef

96.

Kneipp K, Kneipp H (2006) Surface-enhanced Raman scattering on silver nanoparticles in different aggregation stages. Isr J Chem 46(3):299–305

97.

Dieringer JA, Wustholz KL, Masiello DJ, Camden JP, Kleinman SL, Schatz GC, Van Duyne RP (2009) Surface-enhanced Raman excitation spectroscopy of a single rhodamine 6 G molecule. J Am Chem Soc 131(2):849–854CrossRef

98.

Moskovits M (1982) Surface selection-rules. J Chem Phys 77(9):4408–4416CrossRef

99.

Moskovits M, Suh JS (1984) Surface selection-rules for surface-enhanced Raman-spectroscopy – calculations and application to the surface-enhanced Raman-spectrum of phthalazine on silver. J Phys Chem-Us 88(23):5526–5530CrossRef

100.

Moskovits M, Dilella DP, Maynard KJ (1988) Surface Raman-spectroscopy of a number of cyclic aromatic-molecules adsorbed on silver – selection-rules and molecular-reorientation. Langmuir 4(1):67–76CrossRef

101.

Shegai TO, Haran G (2006) Probing the Raman scattering tensors of individual molecules. J Phys Chem B 110(6):2459–2461CrossRef

102.

Hayes W, Loudon R (1978) Scattering of light by crystals. Wiley-Interscience, New York

103.

Bosnick KA, Jiang J, Brus LE (2002) Fluctuations and local symmetry in single-molecule rhodamine 6 G Raman scattering on silver nanocrystal aggregates. J Phys Chem B 106(33):8096–8099CrossRef

104.

Xu HX, Kall M (2003) Polarization-dependent surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of isolated silver nanoaggregates. Chemphyschem 4(9):1001–1005CrossRef

105.

Pieczonka NPW, Aroca RF (2008) Single molecule analysis by surfaced-enhanced Raman scattering. Chem Soc Rev 37(5):946–954CrossRef

106.

Zhang ZL, Yin YF, Jiang JW, Mo YJ (2009) Single molecule detection of 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Mol Struct 920(1–3):297–300CrossRef

107.

Schleifenbaum F, Blum C, Subramaniam V, Meixner AJ (2009) Single-molecule spectral dynamics at room temperature. Mol Phys 107(18):1923–1942CrossRef

108.

Emory SR, Jensen RA, Wenda T, Han MY, Nie SM (2006) Re-examining the origins of spectral blinking in single-molecule and single-nanoparticle SERS. Faraday Discuss 132:249–259CrossRef

109.

Nitzan A, Brus LE (1981) Theoretical-model for enhanced photochemistry on rough surfaces. J Chem Phys 75(5):2205–2214CrossRef

110.

Goncher GM, Parsons CA, Harris CB (1984) Photochemistry on rough metal-surfaces. J Phys Chem 88(19):4200–4209CrossRef

111.

Fang Y, Seong NH, Dlott DD (2008) Measurement of the distribution of site enhancements in surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Science 321(5887):388–392CrossRef

112.

Maher RC, Zhang T, Cohen LF, Gallop JC, Liu FM, Green M (2009) Towards a metrological determination of the performance of SERS media. Phys Chem Chem Phys 11(34):7463–7468CrossRef

113.

Etchegoin PG, Meyer M, Le Ru EC (2007) Statistics of single molecule SERS signals: is there a Poisson distribution of intensities? Phys Chem Chem Phys 9(23):3006–3010CrossRef

114.

Le Ru EC, Meyer M, Etchegoin PG (2006) Proof of single-mokeule sensitivity in surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) by means of a two-analyte technique. J Phys Chem B 110(4):1944–1948CrossRef

115.

Blackie E, Le Ru EC, Meyer M, Timmer M, Burkett B, Northcote P, Etchegoin PG (2008) Bi-analyte SERS with isotopically edited dyes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 10(28):4147–4153CrossRef

116.

Dieringer JA, Lettan RB, Scheidt KA, Van Duyne RP (2007) A frequency domain existence proof of single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 129(51):16249–16256CrossRef

117.

Goulet PJG, Aroca RF (2007) Distinguishing individual vibrational fingerprints: single-molecule surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering from one-to-one binary mixtures in Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers. Anal Chem 79(7):2728–2734CrossRef

118.

dos Santos DP, Andrade GFS, Temperini MLA, Brolo AG (2009) Electrochemical control of the time-dependent intensity fluctuations in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). J Phys Chem C 113(41):17737–17744CrossRef

119.

Camargo PHC, Rycenga M, Au L, Xia YN (2009) Isolating and probing the hot spot formed between two silver nanocubes. Angew Chem Int Edit 48(12):2180–2184CrossRef

120.

Chen C, Hutchison JA, Clemente F, Kox R, Uji-I H, Hofkens J, Lagae L, Maes G, Borghs G, Van Dorpe P (2009) Direct evidence of high spatial localization of hot spots in surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Angew Chem Int Edit 48(52):9932–9935CrossRef

121.

Chen C, Hutchison JA, Van Dorpe P, Kox R, De Vlaminck I, Uji-i H, Hofkens J, Lagae L, Maes G, Borghs G (2009) Focusing plasmons in nanoslits for surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Small 5(24):2876–2882CrossRef

122.

(a) Xu HX, Kall M (2002) Surface-plasmon-enhanced optical forces in silver nanoaggregates. Phys Rev Lett 89(24); (b) Svedberg F, Kall M (2006) On the importance of optical forces in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Faraday Discuss 132:35–44

123.

Osborne MA, Balasubramanian S, Furey WS, Klenerman D (1998) Optically biased diffusion of single molecules studied by confocal fluorescence microscopy. J Phys Chem B 102(17):3160–3167CrossRef

124.

Svedberg F, Li ZP, Xu HX, Kall M (2006) Creating hot nanoparticle pairs for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy through optical manipulation. Nano Lett 6(12):2639–2641CrossRef

125.

Kneipp K, Wang Y, Kneipp H, Itzkan I, Dasari RR, Feld MS (1996) Population pumping of excited vibrational states by spontaneous surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Phys Rev Lett 76(14):2444–2447CrossRef

126.

Maher RC, Galloway CM, Le Ru EC, Cohena LF, Etchegoin PG (2008) Vibrational pumping in surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Chem Soc Rev 37(5):965–979CrossRef

127.

Haslett TL, Tay L, Moskovits M (2000) Can surface-enhanced Raman scattering serve as a channel for strong optical pumping? J Chem Phys 113(4):1641–1646CrossRef

128.

(a) Brolo AG, Sanderson AC, Smith AP (2004) Ratio of the surface-enhanced anti-Stokes scattering to the surface-enhanced Stokes-Raman scattering for molecules adsorbed on a silver electrode. Physical Review B 69(4); (b) Maher RC, Dalley M, Le Ru EC, Cohen LF, Etchegoin PG, Hartigan H, Brown RJC, Milton MJT (2004) Physics of single molecule fluctuations in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy active liquids. J Chem Phys 121(18):8901–8910

129.

Maher RC, Etchegoin PG, Le Ru EC, Cohen LF (2006) A conclusive demonstration of vibrational pumping under surface enhanced Raman scattering conditions. J Phys Chem B 110(24):11757–11760CrossRef

130.

Galloway CM, Le Ru EC, Etchegoin PG (2009) Single-molecule vibrational pumping in SERS. Phys Chem Chem Phys 11(34):7372–7380CrossRef

131.

Kozich V, Werncke W (2010) The vibrational pumping mechanism in surface-enhanced Raman scattering: a subpicosecond time-resolved study. J Phys Chem C 114(23):10484–10488CrossRef

132.

Tsai DP, Kovacs J, Wang Z, Moskovits M, Shalaev VM, Suh JS, Botet R (1994) Photon scanning tunneling microscopy images of optical excitations of fractal metal colloid clusters. Phys Rev Lett 72(26):4149CrossRef

133.

Bozhevolnyi SI, Vohnsen B, Smolyaninov II, Zayats AV (1995) Direct observation of surface polariton localization caused by surface-roughness. Opt Commun 117(5–6):417–423CrossRef

134.

Lin HY, Huang CH, Chang CH, Lan YC, Chui HC (2010) Direct near-field optical imaging of plasmonic resonances in metal nanoparticle pairs. Opt Express 18(1):165–172CrossRef

135.

Zhang P, Smith S, Rumbles G, Himmel ME (2005) Direct imaging of surface-enhanced Raman scattering in the near field. Langmuir 21(2):520–523CrossRef

136.

Camden JP, Dieringer JA, Wang YM, Masiello DJ, Marks LD, Schatz GC, Van Duyne RP (2008) Probing the structure of single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman scattering hot spots. J Am Chem Soc 130(38):12616–12617CrossRef

137.

Banholzer MJ, Millstone JE, Qin LD, Mirkin CA (2008) Rationally designed nanostructures for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Chem Soc Rev 37(5):885–897CrossRef

138.

Lin XM, Cui Y, Xu YH, Ren B, Tian ZQ (2009) Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: substrate-related issues. Anal Bioanal Chem 394(7):1729–1745CrossRef

139.

Kneipp K, Kneipp H, Itzkan I, Dasari RR, Feld MS (1999) Ultrasensitive chemical analysis by Raman spectroscopy. Chem Rev 99(10):2957–2975CrossRef

140.

Wiley B, Sun Y, Xia Y (2007) Synthesis of silver nanostructures with controlled shapes and properties. Accounts Chem Res 40(10):1067–1076CrossRef

141.

Sardar R, Funston AM, Mulvaney P, Murray RW (2009) Gold nanoparticles: past, present, and future. Langmuir 25(24):13840–13851CrossRef

142.

Camargo PHC, Au L, Rycenga M, Li WY, Xia YN (2010) Measuring the SERS enhancement factors of dimers with different structures constructed from silver nanocubes. Chem Phys Lett 484(4–6):304–308CrossRef

143.

Orendorff CJ, Gearheart L, Jana NR, Murphy CJ (2006) Aspect ratio dependence on surface enhanced Raman scattering using silver and gold nanorod substrates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 8(1):165–170CrossRef

144.

Li WB, Guo YY, Zhang P (2010) General strategy to prepare TiO₂-core gold-shell nanoparticles as SERS-tags. J Phys Chem C 114(16):7263–7268CrossRef

145.

Cui B, Clime L, Li K, Veres T (2008) Fabrication of large area nanoprism arrays and their application for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Nanotechnology 19(14):145302

146.

Hsu MS, Cao YW, Wang HW, Pan YS, Lee BH, Huang CL (2010) Time-dependent surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy of silver nanoprisms in the presence of halide ions. Chemphyschem 11(8):1742–1748CrossRef

147.

Lee SJ, Morrill AR, Moskovits M (2006) Hot spots in silver nanowire bundles for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 128(7):2200–2201CrossRef

148.

Lee SJ, Guan ZQ, Xu HX, Moskovits M (2007) Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and nanogeometry: the plasmonic origin of SERS. J Phys Chem C 111(49):17985–17988CrossRef

149.

Barbosa S, Agrawal A, Rodriguez-Lorenzo L, Pastoriza-Santos I, Alvarez-Puebla RA, Kornowski A, Weller H, Liz-Marzan LM (2010) Tuning size and sensing properties in colloidal gold nanostars. Langmuir 26(18):14943–14950CrossRef

150.

Sajanlal PR, Pradeep T (2009) Mesoflowers: a new class of highly efficient surface-enhanced Raman active and infrared-absorbing materials. Nano Res 2(4):306–320CrossRef

151.

Naumov II, Li ZY, Bratkovsky AM (2010) Plasmonic resonances and hot spots in Ag octopods. Appl Phys Lett 96(3):033105

152.

Chaney SB, Zhang ZY, Zhao YP (2006) Anomalous polarized absorbance spectra of aligned Ag nanorod arrays. Appl Phys Lett 89(5):053117

153.

Liu YJ, Zhao YP (2008) Simple model for surface-enhanced Raman scattering from tilted silver nanorod array substrates. Phys Rev B 78(7):075436CrossRef

154.

Liu YJ, Zhang ZY, Zhao Q, Dluhy RA, Zhao YP (2009) Surface enhanced Raman scattering from an Ag nanorod array substrate: the site dependent enhancement and layer absorbance effect. J Phys Chem C 113(22):9664–9669CrossRef

155.

Zhao YP, Chaney SB, Shanmukh S, Dluhy RA (2006) Polarized surface enhanced Raman and absorbance spectra of aligned silver nanorod arrays. J Phys Chem B 110(7):3153–3157CrossRef

156.

Camargo PHC, Cobley CM, Rycenga M, Xia YN (2009) Measuring the surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement factors of hot spots formed between an individual Ag nanowire and a single Ag nanocube. Nanotechnology 20(43):434020

157.

Laromaine A, Koh LL, Murugesan M, Ulijn RV, Stevens MM (2007) Protease-triggered dispersion of nanoparticle assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 129(14):4156–4157CrossRef

158.

Freeman RG, Grabar KC, Allison KJ, Bright RM, Davis JA, Guthrie AP, Hommer MB, Jackson MA, Smith PC, Walter DG, Natan MJ (1995) Self-assembled metal colloid monolayers – an approach to sers substrates. Science 267(5204):1629–1632CrossRef

159.

Daniel MC, Astruc D (2004) Gold nanoparticles: assembly, supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related properties, and applications toward biology, catalysis, and nanotechnology. Chem Rev 104(1):293–346CrossRef

160.

Braun G, Pavel I, Morrill AR, Seferos DS, Bazan GC, Reich NO, Moskovits M (2007) Chemically patterned microspheres for controlled nanoparticle assembly in the construction of SERS hot spots. J Am Chem Soc 129(25):7760–7761CrossRef

161.

Vlckova B, Moskovits M, Pavel I, Siskova K, Sladkova M, Slouf M (2008) Single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy from a molecularly-bridged silver nanoparticle dimer. Chem Phys Lett 455(4–6):131–134CrossRef

162.

Sladkova M, Vlckova B, Pavel I, Siskova K, Slouf M (2009) Surface-enhanced Raman scattering from a single molecularly bridged silver nanoparticle aggregate. J Mol Struct 924–26:567–570CrossRef

163.

Ghadiali JE, Stevens MM (2008) Enzyme-responsive nanoparticle systems. Adv Mater 20(22):4359–4363CrossRef

164.

DuFort CC, Dragnea B (2010) Bio-enabled synthesis of metamaterials. Ann Rev Phys Chem 61:323–344. Annual Reviews: Palo AltoCrossRef

165.

Goulet PJG, Pieczonka NPW, Aroca RF (2005) Mapping single-molecule SERRS from Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers, on nanostructured silver island films. J Raman Spectrosc 36(6–7):574–580CrossRef

166.

Mahmoud MA, Tabor CE, El-Sayed MA (2009) Surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement by aggregated silver nanocube monolayers assembled by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique at different surface pressures. J Phys Chem C 113(14):5493–5501CrossRef

167.

Mahmoud MA, El-Sayed MA (2008) Comparative study of the assemblies and the resulting Plasmon fields of Langmuir–Blodgett assembled monolayers of silver nanocubes and gold nanocages. J Phys Chem C 112(37):14618–14625CrossRef

168.

Mahmoud MA, El-Sayed MA (2009) Aggregation of gold nanoframes reduces, rather than enhances, SERS efficiency due to the trade-off of the inter- and intraparticle plasmonic fields. Nano Lett 9(8):3025–3031CrossRef

169.

Gopinath A, Boriskina SV, Reinhard BM, Dal Negro L (2009) Deterministic aperiodic arrays of metal nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Opt Express 17(5):3741–3753CrossRef

170.

Haynes CL, Van Duyne RP (2001) Nanosphere lithography: a versatile nanofabrication tool for studies of size-dependent nanoparticle optics. J Phys Chem B 105(24):5599–5611CrossRef

171.

Zhang XY, Whitney AV, Zhao J, Hicks EM, Van Duyne RP (2006) Advances in contemporary nanosphere lithographic techniques. J Nanosci Nanotechno 6(7):1920–1934CrossRef

172.

Haynes CL, McFarland AD, Smith MT, Hulteen JC, Van Duyne RP (2002) Angle-resolved nanosphere lithography: manipulation of nanoparticle size, shape, and interparticle spacing. J Phys Chem B 106(8):1898–1902CrossRef

173.

Fromm DP, Sundaramurthy A, Schuck PJ, Kino G, Moerner WE (2004) Gap-dependent optical coupling of single “Bowtie” nanoantennas resonant in the visible. Nano Lett 4(5):957–961CrossRef

174.

Fromm DP, Sundaramurthy A, Kinkhabwala A, Schuck PJ, Kino GS, Moerner WE (2006) Exploring the chemical enhancement for surface-enhanced Raman scattering with Au bowtie nanoantennas. J Chem Phys 124(6):061101

175.

Li K, Clime L, Tay L, Cui B, Geissler M, Veres T (2008) Multiple surface plasmon resonances and near-infrared field enhancement of gold nanowells. Anal Chem 80(13):4945–4950CrossRef

176.

Abernathy HW, Koep E, Compson C, Cheng Z, Liu ML (2008) Monitoring Ag-Cr interactions in SOFC cathodes using Raman spectroscopy. J Phys Chem C 112(34):13299–13303CrossRef

177.

Su KH, Wei QH, Zhang X (2006) Tunable and augmented plasmon resonances of Au/SiO₂/Au nanodisks. Appl Phys Lett 88(6):063118

178.

Qin LD, Park S, Huang L, Mirkin CA (2005) On-wire lithography. Science 309(5731):113–115CrossRef

179.

Banholzer MJ, Li SZ, Ketter JB, Rozkiewicz DI, Schatz GC, Mirkin CA (2008) Electrochemical approach to and the physical consequences of preparing nanostructures from gold nanorods with smooth ends. J Phys Chem C 112(40):15729–15734CrossRef

180.

Wei W, Li SZ, Millstone JE, Banholzer MJ, Chen XD, Xu XY, Schatz GC, Mirkin CA (2009) Surprisingly long-range surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) on Au-Ni multisegmented nanowires. Angew Chem Int Edit 48(23):4210–4212CrossRef

181.

Qian XM, Nie SM (2008) Single-molecule and single-nanoparticle SERS: from fundamental mechanisms to biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 37(5):912–920CrossRef

182.

Hu JA, Zhang CY (2010) Surface-enhanced Raman scattering technology and its application to gene analysis. Prog Chem 22(8):1641–1647

183.

Golightly RS, Doering WE, Natan MJ (2009) Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and homeland security: a perfect match? ACS Nano 3(10):2859–2869CrossRef

184.

Patel BD, Mehta PJ (2010) An overview: application of Raman spectroscopy in pharmaceutical field. Curr Pharm Anal 6(2):131–141CrossRef

185.

Shafer-Peltier KE, Haynes CL, Glucksberg MR, Van Duyne RP (2003) Toward a glucose biosensor based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering. J Am Chem Soc 125(2):588–593CrossRef

186.

Lyandres O, Van Duyne RP, Walsh JT, Glucksberg MR, Mehrotra S (2010) Prediction range estimation from noisy Raman spectra with robust optimization. Analyst 135(8):2111–2118CrossRef

187.

Maher RC, Maier SA, Cohen LF, Koh L, Laromaine A, Dick JAG, Stevens MM (2010) Exploiting SERS hot spots for disease-specific enzyme detection. J Phys Chem C 114(16):7231–7235CrossRef

188.

Mazhar D, Ngan S, Waxman J (2006) Improving outcomes in early prostate cancer: part I – adjuvant treatment. BJU Int 98(4):725–730CrossRef

Titel: SERS Hot Spots
verfasst von: Robert C. Maher
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch: Raman Spectroscopy for Nanomaterials Characterization
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-20619-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-642-20620-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20620-7_10

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten

Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.

Zur Marktübersicht